2. Communication IN NURSING
• Communication refers to the sharing of ideas, facts, opinions,
information and understanding. It is the transfer or
transmission of some information and understanding from one
person to another.
• The process uses written messages, spoken words and
gestures. Communication can be defined as process of
transmitting information, thoughts, opinions, messages, facts,
ideas or emotions and understanding from one person, place or
things to another person, place or thing. Organizational
Behaviour seeks to examine the impact of communication on
the behaviour of employees within organizations.
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3. Functions of communication
a. The information function serves to provide knowledge to the individuals need for guidance
in their actions. It also fulfills worker’s desires for awareness of things that affect them.
b. The command and instructive functions serve to make the employee aware of his
obligations to the formal organization and to provide him with additional guidance on how to
perform his duties adequately.
c. The influence and persuasion function (also known as motivational function) encourages the
appropriate individual to perform or to exhibit a certain behaviour. Messages communicated
are used to convince individuals that their actions can be personally or organizationally
beneficial.
d. The integrative function refers to the fact that the communication of messages / ideas, if
properly handled, should help to relate the activities of the workers to their efforts complement
rather than detract from each other.
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4. The Communication Process
1. Developing an idea
2. Encoding the message:
3. Transmitting the message:
4. Reception of the message:
5. Decoding the message
6. Acceptance or rejection of the message:
7. Using the information
8. Giving feedback
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5. Value of Feedback
• Providing feedback therefore needs to be a constructive activity that should
be helping to learn. It should not be destructive and critical. Equally
important, the recipient should not interpret it as destructive and critical. To
be effective, feedback needs to be skillfully given and the receiver must hear,
understand, accept and act upon it.
• However accurate the feedback, if the individuals rejects it, the result will be
no improvement in performance. Therefore, always consider the human
element during feedback.
H - Hear
U - Understand
M - Motivate
A - Acceptable
N - Negotiate
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في يساعد أن ينبغي ًءاّنب اًطنشا يكون أن يجب المالحظات تقديم فإن لذلك
التعلم
.
وخطيرة مدمرة تكون أن ينبغي ال
.
يفسرها أال يجب ، األهمية من القدر بنفس
وحاسمة مدمرة أنها على المتلقي
.
المالحظات تقديم يجب ، فعالة تكون لكي
عليها ًءبنا والتصرف وقبولها وفهمها سماعها المتلقي على ويجب بمهارة
.
مهما
ف تحسن أي النتيجة تكون فلن ، األفراد رفضها إذا ، دقيقة الفعل ردود كانت
ي
األداء
.
الراجعة التغذية أثناء البشري العنصر اًمدائ اعتبارك في ضع ، لذلك
.
6. Listening in Communication
Listening helps in the following ways:
1. _ Building trust
2. _ Establishing Credibility
3. _ Gaining Support
4. _ Getting things done
5. _ Collecting Information
6. _ Exchange
7. _ Reflecting
8. _ Demonstrate respect
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الثقة بناء
_
المصداقية إثبات
_
الدعم على الحصول
_
األمور إنجاز
_
المعلومات جمع
_
تبادل
_
يعكس
_
االحترام أظهر
7. The Effective Listener
1. _ Makes eye contact
2. _ Exhibits affirmative head nods and appropriate facial expressions
3. _ Avoids distracting actions or gestures that suggest boredom
4. _ Asks questions
5. _ Paraphrases using his or her own words
6. _ Avoids interrupting the speaker
7. _ Doesn’t over talk
8. _ Makes smooth transitions between the role of speaker and that of
listener
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بالعين االتصال يجعل
_
المناسبة الوجه وتعبيرات اإليجابية الرأس إيماءات يعرض
_
يتجنب
بالملل توحي التي المشتتة اإليماءات أو اإلجراءات
_
أسئلة إسأل
_
باستخدام الكلمات صياغة يعيد
كلماته
_
السماعة مقاطعة يتجنب
_
الكالم في تفرط ال
_
ودو المتحدث دور بين اًسسل االنتقال يجعل
ر
المستمع
8. Therapeutic Communication &
Nurse - Patient Relationship
• Communication is defined as the exchange of information, thoughts and
feelings among people using speech or other technique. According to
Virginia Henderson, communication is one of the needs in the fourteens
activities daily, the term, “caring” is an essential emotion that all nurses
must possess in fact all individuals in the health profession.
• Therapeutic Nurse – Patient interaction is a mutual learning experience
and corrective emotional experience for the client. In this relationship,
the Nurse uses personal attributes and clinical techniques while working
with the client to bring about insight and behavioural change.
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9. Verbal Communication
• Therapeutic communication involves the use of specific strategies that
encourage the patient to express feelings and ideas and that convey
acceptance and respect.
• Messages are sent and received simultaneously in therapeutic
communication which involves the verbal and nonverbal of information
exchange between sender and receiver.
• Verbal communication includes the arrangement of words into sentences,
including the content as well as the context which means the area where
the conversation takes place which might include the time and the
physical, social, emotional and cultural environment.
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10. Verbal Communication
• Verbal communication takes place directly between the
superiors and juniors in organizations and between farmers
and extension functionaries in the field and is often known
as face to face communication.
• It takes the form of talks, a public address, verbal
discussions, telephonic talks, telecommunications and other
artificial media, such as audio-visual aids speeches and
orders, holdings of meetings and conferences, lectures,
social get-togethers, training sessions, public address
systems, museums, exhibitions, counseling etc.
10
ه في اإلرشاد وموظفي المزارعين وبين المنظمات في والصغار الرؤساء بين مباشرة اللفظي االتصال يحدث
المجال ذا
لوجه ًاوجه التواصل باسم ُعرفي ما ًابوغال
.
و ، اللفظية والمناقشات ، العام والخطاب ، المحادثات شكل يأخذ
المحادثات
المساعدا وأوامر خطابات مثل ، االصطناعية الوسائط من وغيرها والالسلكية السلكية واالتصاالت ، الهاتفية
السمعية ت
و ، التدريبية والجلسات ، االجتماعية واالجتماعات ، والمحاضرات ، والمؤتمرات االجتماعات وعقد ، والبصرية
العامة
ذلك إلى وما واالستشارات والمعارض والمتاحف العناوين أنظمة
.
11. Nonverbal Communication
• Nonverbal communication includes the behaviour accompanying the verbal content
such as body language, eye contact, facial expression, the tone of the voice and others.
Nonverbal communication mainly indicates the thoughts, needs or feelings of the
client that happens spontaneously
• Nonverbal communication is also known as “silent language.” It involves the
use of cues, gestures, vocal characteristics, facial expressions, and spatial
relationship between the sender and the receiver to convey a message. For
example, a smile, glance, stare or a frown convey different meanings
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12. Written communication
• A written communication is always put into
writing and generally used when the audience is at
a distance or when a permanency or record is
required or where its preservation is essential in
case it is needed as a evidence in cases of dispute.
• It is generally in the form of instruction, orders,
rules and regulations, policies, procedures, posters,
memos, reports information bulletins.
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13. Therapeutic nurse – patient relationship
• The nurse– client relationship challenges the nurse to clarify
the meaning or expression of the client’s problems and
distress and maintain continuity during the conversation
when the nurse picks up threads of conversation the client
offers during nurse–client interactions.
• Interpersonal skills are by nature relational and process
driven and the consequences of effective communication are
rapport and trust, acceptance, warmth, empathy, support,
and stress and anxiety reduction.
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14. Therapeutic nurse – patient relationship
• Today, ineffective communication is the single most
common reason for patient complaints against
healthcare professionals. The healthcare provider who
has strong communication skills will always be more
effective in helping patients.
• Good communication has been shown to improve
patient satisfaction, patient compliance, and
therapeutic nurse – patient relationship bring for better
outcomes
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