Textile Finishing

1. Products and services products and services
tecnology technology technology technology
business development business development business
new markets new markets new markets new markets
Innovation Innovation Innovation Innovation
research research research research research

2. INNOVATIVE TEXTILE
FINISHING

3. 1. LEITAT TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER
2. TEXTILE PROCESSING
3. INNOVATIVE FINISHES
4. OTHER INNOVATIVE FINISHES
INDEX

4. LEITAT is a Technological Research Centre in Spain,
founded in 1906, that accounts for a century of experience
and expertise in the textile sector.
CIT (Centre for Innovative Technology), No. 28 by the
Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.
Member of the FEDIT (Spanish Federation of Institutions for
Innovation and Technology).
Member of the Network of Technological Centres of the
Generalitat of Catalonia. CT 04/04.
Member of the TEXTRANET: European Network of Textile
Research Organizations.
TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER

5. TESTING
CERTIFICATION
ENVIRONMENT
R+D PROJECTS
INNOVATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
TRAINING
TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER

6. TESTINGTESTING
R&D DEPARTMENTR&D DEPARTMENT
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT
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TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER

7. R&D DEPARTMENT
TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER

8. R&D DEPARTMENT
CHEMISTRY
Textile Technologies
Surface Treatments
Environment
Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Smart Materials, Smart Textiles, Smart Systems
New Polymers, Bio Fibres
Nanotechnology
Renewable Energies

9. BIOMEDICINE
Target Discovery
Lead Discovery
Lead Optimisation
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Industrial Design and Product Creation
Assistance in each phase of Product Development
Direct Manufacturing of Final Products through Additive
Manufacturing Technologies, both metal and polymers
FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS
All types of consumer goods
R&D DEPARTMENT

10. TEXTILE
PROCESSING

11. TEXTILE PROCESSING
Pretreatment
Dyeing or
Printing
Finishing
The factors affecting the quality of the final product include:
• Fibres
• Textile materials (type of yarn or weave)
• Dyes, Finishes
• Textile auxiliaries
• Temperature
• Time
• Machine
• Water (both quality and quantity)

12. The main objective of the pretreatment is to clean the textile
materials and to provide them the required quality and other specific
characteristics.
The major operations involve:
• Desizing
• Scouring
• Mercerisation
• Carbonizing (wool)
• Chemical bleaching
• Optical brightening
PRETREATMENT

13. DYEING PROCESS
Stages in dyeing
• First stage: Diffusion of the dye from the dyebath to the fibre
surface.
• Second stage: Adsorption of the dye on the fibre surface.
• Third stage: Diffusion of the dye to the fibre core.
• Fourth stage: Fixation of the dye on the fibre.
Factors affecting the dyeing process
• Dye concentration in the dyebath.
• Chemical constitution of the dye.
• Molecular weight of the dye.

14. TEXTILE PRINTING
• Printing is the process by which a localised coloration is made on the
textile fabric.
• The printing is normally done by using dyes showing affinity to the
fibre.
• On the other hand, it can be performed superficially with pigments,
which could be fixed using thermocurable resins.
Printing Process
• Fabric preparation: The fabric should have uniform hydrophilicity
and the surface should be free of fibres.
• Deposition of colorant on a dry textile surface: Operating in a
continuos way to deposit the colorant on the fabric surface.
• Fixation of printed colour: It is possible by 3 ways - physical,
physico-chemical and chemical ways.
• Elimination of thickener paste: Normally by means of washing.

15. PRINT PASTES
Composition
– Thickener
– Colorant
– Auxiliaries
– Chemical agents
– Water
Characteristics
Viscosity
Homogenity
Uniformity of printed colour

16. TEXTILE FINISHING
DEFINITION
Finishing is the process done on the fabric surface for modifying
the appearence, feel and the behaviour.
Factors to be considered
• Finishing increases the cost of the fabric
• A permanent finish will remain throughout the life of the
garment
• A durable finish will remain during a part of the life of the
garment
• A temporary finish will remain till it is washed
• A renewable finish can be applied at home without the
need of any costly equipment

17. SHRINK-PROOF FINISH
Shrinking
Due to the relaxation of the tension in the fibres during the processes.
The finished fabric would be inferior in some properties.
It provokes changes in the postions of warp and weft from the
positions fixed by the weaving machine and adopts a more compact
structure.
Finishing Proceses
Chemical: By applying resins, crosslinking agents.
Mechanical:
• Drying without tension
• Compression of fabric: The yarns are made to shrink as in
sanforizing.
Combined processes
CELLULOSICS

18. PERMANENT PRESSS
Objective
To fix the final form of the articles.
By using resins
Process
Impregnation
Drying
Garment manufacture
Condensation and Curing
CELLULOSICS
WASH & WEAR
Based on resins or polycarboxilic acids
Properies attained
It is not necessary to press

19. WRINKLE RESISTANCE AND WRINKLE RELEASE
Finishing with formaldehyde
Formaldehyde can cause allergy, irritations, contact dermatitis…
Formaldehyde substitute: BTCA
Finishing with butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)
Create ester bonds with cellulose.
Finishing of textile with citric acid treatment or monoester of citric acid
Create ester bonds with cellulose.
CELLULOSICS

20. PERFORMANCE APPAREL / MOISTURE MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION OF STAIN AND
WATER RESISTANT FINISHING
SPORTSWEAR
STAIN RESISTANT
WATER RESISTANT
MOISTURE RESISTANT
CELLULOSICS

21. IMPROVING COMFORT/HAND
Diapers/dress materials
Comfort
Hydrating agent: Aloe Vera, Vitamin A y E
Relaxing agent : lavender, ion therapy
PCM microcapsules
Anti-mosquito agent
Moisturizing microcapsules: Aloe Vera
Plasma treatment (Diaper)
Increase the absorbent properties of the
internal part of the diaper
Increase the hydrophobicity of the external
part of the diaper
CELLULOSICS

22. HIGH AND DURABLE LUSTER
Luster of textile fibers
⇒ Geometrical property of transparent, cylindrical
filaments with polished surface.
Processes:
⇒ Beetling
Process applied on cotton and linen. The fabric is
dampened and wound around an iron cylinder,
then it is passed through a machine in which it is
pounded with heavy wooden mallets.
⇒ Decating
Application of heat and pressure to set or develop
lustre.
⇒ Calendaring
CELLULOSICS

23. FINISHES FOR SYNTHETIC FIBRES
Softening: To provide softness
Hydrophilic finish: Increases the capacity to absorb moisture (eg.
under garments)
Antipilling: Avoids pilling
Antistatic finish: To avoid generation of static electricity
Fire retardants: To develop fire proof materials
Antimicrobial: (Antibacterial and Antifungus)
SYNTHETIC FIBRES

24. INNOVATIVE
FINISHES

25. Antimicrobial finishes according to their mode
of action:
Bacteriostatic: Products that stop the bacterial
growth
Bactericide: Products that destroy the bacteria.
The antifungal agents are also classified similarly:
fungistatic and fungicide.
Antimicrobial finishes according to the
mechanism of their action:
Migrants: Products that spread and act as a poison
for the microorganism.
Non-migrants: Products that destroy the
microorganism when in contact with it (acting on
the membrane). This type of products can be fixed
chemically on the fibres using resins, etc.
ANTIMICROBIAL FINISH
Aspergillus niger
Staphylococcus aureus

26. Various options are available in the market for obtaining
antimicrobial textiles:
Insolubilisation of the active substance in the fibre.
Treatment of fibres with resins or crosslinking agents.
Microencapsulation of antimicrobial agents.
Surface coating of the fibres.
Chemical modification with covalent bonds.
Use of graft polymers, homopolymers or copolymerisation with
the fibre.
ANTIMICROBIAL FINISH

27. CHITOSAN
Chitosan, the derivative of chitin, can be produced by
deacetylation of chitin with concentrated sodium hydroxide.
Chitosan is antimicrobial against various microorganisms.
ANTIMICROBIAL FINISH

28. TRADE MARK PRODUCER NATURE OF THE POLYMER NATURE OF THE ADDITIVE
RHOVILAS ® RHOVYL Polyvinyl chloride Organic derivative
AMICOR ® COURTAULDS Acrylic Triclosan
AMICOR PLUS ® COURTAULDS Acrylic Triclosan
SILFRESH ® NOVACETA Acetate Triclosan
MICROSAFE AM ® HOECHST-CELANESE Acetate Microban B
BACTEKILLER ® KANEBO Polyester
LIVERFRESH N ® KANEBO Polyamide
LIVERFRESH A ® KANEBO Acrylic
LUFNEN VA ® KANEBO Modacrylic
Zeolite + Metallic ions
SA 30 ® KURARAY Polyester Ceramic + Metallic ions
BOLFUR ® UNITIKA Polyester Sulphur based
FV 4503 ® AZOTA-LENZING Polypropylene Add. Sanitized
CHITOPOLY ® FUJY-SPINNING Polynosic Chitosan
THUNDERON ® NIHO SANMO DYEING Acrylic, polyamide Sulpur based
ANTIMICROBIAL FIBRES
ANTIMICROBIAL FINISH

29. ANTIMICROBIAL FINISHES FOR TEXTILES
TRADE MARK PRODUCER NATURE OF THE ADDITIVE
VANTOCIL IB ® ZENECA Polybiguanidine
ACTICIDE ® THOR Isotiazolinone
KATHON ® ROHM & HAAS Isotiazolinone
PREVENTOL ® BAYER Organic derivative
BIO-PRUF ® MORTON Quaternari ammonium
SANIGARD ® CLARIANT-SANITIZED Organic derivative/Quaternari ammonium
ANTIMICROBIAL FINISHES FOR FIBRES
TRADE MARK PRODUCER NATURE OF THE FIBRE NATURE OF THE ADDITIVE
EOSY ® UNITIKA Cotton Chitosan
EASOF ® UNITIKA Cotton
UNIFRESHER ® UNITIKA Cotton
BIOSIL B 89 ® TOYOBO Polyester Dow Corning DC 5700
BIOCHITON ® ASAHI CHEM. IND. Polyurethane-polyamide Chitin
BIO-PRUF ® MORTON Multi fibres Quaternari ammonium
ANTIMICROBIAL FINISH

30. BIOPROCESSING
BIOTECHNOLOGY, in the textile context, is mainly referred to:
1. Textile processing with enzymes.
2. Biological treatments of effluents.
3. Biological devices coupled to a textile substrates.
ENZYMES are natural reaction catalysts present in all living organisms.
Their advantages compared to chemical catalysts are:
Mild reaction conditions (T, P, pH).
High specificity for the reaction type and the substrate.
Being a biological material, it does not have any adverse effects on
the environment.

31. Biotechnology
α Amylase
Desizing
Pectinase Catalase Peroxydase Cellulase
Scouring Bleaching Dyeing Finishing
Grey fabric Finished fabric
Desizing Stone washed Bleaching
Finished garment
Cellulase Laccase
DYEING
Excess of bleaching
agent
Excess of dye
Better quality of end products (value added)
Reduction of pollution and residues
Reduction of cost (energy, water and raw
materials)
Utilization of enzymes
BIOPROCESSING

32. Lipase
Esterase
Hydroxyl groups formation
on the fibre surface
Higher hydrophilicity
w/o treatment
Biotech
treatment
BIOPROCESSING OF POLYESTER

33. BIOSCOURING ALKALI TREATMENTBIOSCOURING ALKALI TREATMENT
Low level of agressive attack on fibres
Low weight loss because only affecting the pectin part
Softness of the fibre surface
Improved hand
No caustic residues on the fibre
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR COTTON

34. Samples of correctly desized denim
Samples of incorrectly desized
denim with visible marks
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOPROCESSING

35. Structure of cyclodextrin:
Cone trunk structure with a cavity in its centre.
Inside of the cone hydrophobic.
Outside of the cone hydrophilic.
⇒ Cyclodextrin can retain hydrophobic molecules
dispersed in aqueous solutions.
Applications of cyclodextrin:
⇒ Pharmacology : used as recipient of formulation
because the drugs are often hydrophobic.
⇒ Agro-food system : used to raise the taste of
food. Introduction of flavored products inside the
cavity.
⇒ Textiles : Introduction of antimicrobial, anti-
odour products and perfumes.
⇒ Cosmetic : Introduction of perfumes and
cosmetics.
CYCLODEXTRINS

36. CYCLODEXTRINS
Cyclodextrin linking to cellulose backbone
Esterification of cellulose and CD by citric acid

37. Plain weave cotton fabric bleached without optical brightener.
Bleached wool fabric.
β Cyclodextrin, citric acid, catalysts
Rose perfume and jasmine microcapsules
α-, β-, γ- Cyclodextrins
Atmospheric plasma
CYCLODEXTRINS IN TEXTILES

38. Untreated and plasma treated cotton samples coated directly with cyclodextrin
Untreated and plasma treated wool samples coated directly with cyclodextrin
CYCLODEXTRINS IN TEXTILES

39. Untreated and plasma treated cotton samples coated with
cyclodextrin using citric acid
Untreated and plasma treated wool samples coated with
cyclodextrin using citric acid
CYCLODEXTRINS IN TEXTILES

40. Jasmine microcapsules on plasma treated cotton and wool
samples coated with cyclodextrin after citric acid treatment
CYCLODEXTRINS IN TEXTILES

41. COTTON hydrophilic / hydrophobic
COTTON and PA antistatic
COTTON based non-wovens- oil repellent
SURFACE TREATMENTS
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

42. PLASMA-ENHANCED
CHEMICAL VAPOUR
DEPOSITION (PECVD)
EFFECTS ON
TEXTILE SURFACES:
NANOCOATINGS
WITH DIFFERENT
PROPERTIES
HYDROPHOBICITY
Precursors: siloxanes, silanes,
fluorocarbons
HYDROPHILICITY
Precursors: acrylic acid,
acrylamide
OLEOPHOBICITY
Precursors:
fluorocarbons
OTHER PROPERTIES
Antimicrobial, UV
protection, fire retardant,
antistatic, etc.
PLASMA
SURFACE TREATMENTS

43. Polyester Lyocell (Tencel ®) / Polyester
(50/50)
1) Activation LPP air
2) PECVD - Perfluorohexane
(C6F14)
PECVD
Contact angle
SEM
Power level: 300, 600,
900 W
Time of treatment: 10, 20,
30 min.
SURFACE TREATMENTS

44. a) Non-treated Polyester
a) b)
b) Plasma-treated (10 min, 600 W)
Polyester
SURFACE TREATMENTS
Plasma Enhanced Chemical vapour Deposition (PECVD)

45. Plasma Enhanced Chemical vapour Deposition (PECVD)
a) Non-treated Polyester/Cellulosic
a) b)
b) Plasma-treated (10 min, 600 W)
Polyester/Cellulosic
SURFACE TREATMENTS

46. Spores of B. subtilis not treated with plasma
Plasma Sterilization
Spores of B. subtilis treated with plasma
SURFACE TREATMENTS

47. Plasma pretreatments to improve dyeability of COTTON with anti-
microbial natural dyes
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ellagic acid Lacaic acid A Lawsone
(K/S)corr
WO-NT
WO-Plasma
SURFACE TREATMENTS

48. -2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Ácido elágico
WO-NT
WO-Plasma
S
L
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Ácido lacáico
WO-NT
WO-Plasma
S
L
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Lawsone
WO-NT
WO-Plasma
S L
Antibacterial character of wool fabrics dyed with the natural dyes.
(a) Ellagic acid, (b) Laccaic acid A, (c) Lawsone. Dyeing with 20%
o.w.f. shade
(a) (b)
(c)
Bacteriostatic (S)
Bactericide (L)
SURFACE TREATMENTS

49. NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOMATERIALS
Nanoparticles
Nanotubes
Nanoporous materials
Fullerenes
Nanostructrued materials
Nanofibres
Nanocapsules
Nanothreads
NANOTECNOLOGY

50. PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Chemical processes
Sol-gel
Colloidal chemistry
Hydrothermic methods
Precipitation methods
Mechanical processes
Milling
Pulverizing
Mechanical alloying methods
NANOPARTICLES
NANOTECNOLOGY

51. In-situ formation proceses
Lithography
Chemical vapour deposition
Spray coating
Synthesis in gas phase
Pyrolysis
Electro explosion
Laser technique
High temperature evaporation
Synthesis by plasma technique
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
NANOPARTICLES
NANOTECNOLOGY

52. Nanomaterials used in the textile industry
Metallic nanoparticleNanoclays
Hydrophobicity
Flame retardant
Metal-oxide nanoparticle
Self cleaning (TiO2)
UV Protection (TiO2, ZnO)
Hydrophobicity (SiO2)
Antibacterial (Ag)
Carbon nanotubes
Electrical conductivity
Heat conductivity
Abrasion resistance
High tensile strength
Nanofibre
Sound barrier
Dressing scaffold
Filtration
NANOTECNOLOGY

53. Anti odour and anti microbial textile
Anti odour and anti microbial textile
Nanofibre for industrial filtering
Antibacterial, sound absorption,
scaffold cellular for skin
regeneration
Wicking textiles and water repellent
Selfcleaning textile (Lotus effect)
Selfcleaning textile (Lotus effect)
Properties
Ag NP
Ag NP
Carbon nanofiber
Nanofibre by
electrospinning
-
Aerosol spray of NP and
polypropylene polymer
Fluorocarbon and NP
TechnologyCompany
NANOTECNOLOGY

54. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES
In recent years, crystalline ZnO and TiO2 have received much
attention for their photo catalytic action.
Nanofilms of ZnO and TiO2 can easily be deposited on heat
resistant surfaces like glass and silica at very high temperatures.
This can result in properties like self-cleaning, antimicrobial
properties, UV protection, etc.
But the textile materials are having poor heat resistance and so
alternate methods like sol-gel are being tried.
NANOTECNOLOGY

55. SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE
The sol-gel technique is based on the hydrolysis of liquid precursors
and formation of colloidal sols, which can be easily coated on textiles.
On the other hand, the wet gel formed, upon drying, yields porous
xerogels ("dry gels").
Xerogels are stable, transparent and insoluble in water and most of
organic solvents and porous solid materials.
NANOTECNOLOGY

56. UV PROTECTION
Sun protection creams and textiles are common choices to protect
against UV radiation.
Several organic or inorganic UV blocking agents are now being
developed to improve the UV protection function of the textiles.
The organic ones are also known as UV absorbers as they absorb
the UV rays.
The inorganic ones are semiconductor oxides like ZnO, TiO2, etc.,
which scatter both UVA and UVB, the main cause of skin cancer.
Compared to organics, inorganic ones are now preferred due to the
properties like non-toxicity, chemical stability under UV radiation, etc.
NANOTECNOLOGY

57. Figure 1. SEM images of undyed yarn finished with ZnO nanoparticles
(1) and knitted fabric developed from this yarn (2)
YARN FINISHING
The nano ZnO finish was applied on cotton yarns with an aim to study the effect
of knitting operation on the durability of nanoparticles on the yarns.
The SEM images clearly show the presence of ZnO on the yarn as well as on the
fabric.
Interestingly, higher concentration of nanoparticles was observed in the fabric,
which indicates that the knitting operation could induce the concentration of the
particles on the surface.
It seems that the knitting process is not influential in the loading of nanoparticles,
but affects significantly its morphology.
1 2
NANOTECNOLOGY

58. Figure 2. SEM images of dyed yarn finished with ZnO nanoparticles (1)
and knitted fabric developed from this yarn (2)
YARN FINISHING
Similar trend was observed in the reactive dyed yarn and the knitted fabric
elaborated from it.
But in this case, the loading of the nanoparticles was lesser as compared to the
undyed yarns.
This is because of the unavailability of some functional groups for the
nanoparticles due to the presence of reactive dyes.
Thus the reactive dyeing process can influence the fixation of nanoparticles,
even though not very significantly.
1 2
NANOTECNOLOGY

59. FABRIC FINISHING (SOL-GEL)
WASHING
WASHING
DYED
DYED
Figure 3. SEM images of the nano-finished fabrics by sol-gel method: (1) undyed and
unwashed, (2) undyed and washed, (3) dyed and unwashed, (4) dyed and washed
1
3 4
2
NANOTECNOLOGY

60. In the case of sol-gel finishing of fabrics, as
expected, the nanoparticle load on dyed
fabric was lesser than that of undyed fabric.
The washing process also tends to reduce
the amount of nanoparticles on the surface to
some extent.
Taking together the data of these two
processes, washing and dyeing, it can be
observed that the final nanoparticle coating
of the fabric is independent of their
sequence.
This indicates the robustness of the
obtained material.
FABRIC FINISHING (SOL-GEL)
Figure 4. TEM images of nano-
finished cotton samples: (1) undyed-
unwashed and (2) after ten cycles of
domestic washing.
1
2
NANOTECNOLOGY

61. FABRIC FINISHING (SOL-GEL)
Figure 5. SEM images of the nano-finished fabrics by sol-gel method: undyed and
unwashed with low initial concentration (1) and with higher initial concentration (2)
As expected, the samples with higher initial concentrations showed a higher
content of nanoparticles on the surface.
But it is noteworthy that the low initial concentration also resulted in developing a
nanoparticle coating on the fabric surface.
On the other hand, the fabric with the higher initial concentration did not show a
saturation of the nanoparticles showing that further loading could be possible.
21
NANOTECNOLOGY

62. The undyed control sample showed an UPF value of 8.85, whereas the nano-finishing
has resulted in 50+ UPF values for all the unwashed and washed samples.
Even though there was a reduction in the load of nanoparticles on the fabric surface
after washing, the UPF values were not affected.
In the case of dyed samples, 50+ UPF values were not achieved in any case.
UPF values increased as a function of the concentration of the sol-gel.
UPF values have improved after the washing, probably due to a morphological change
of the nano-composites after washing.
UPF VALUES
48.0039.6450+50+60
41.7829.0650+50+40
35.6224.7850+50+20
28.9422.5850+50+10
-15.22-8.85Control
WashedUnwashedWashedUnwashedSol-Gel
Concentration
DyedBleached
Table 1: UPF values of the unwashed and washed fabric samples before
and after 10 cycles of domestic washing.
NANOTECNOLOGY

63. NANOTECNOLOGY
LOTUS EFFECT The lotus leaf is well known for its hydrophobicity
due to the micro-buds found on its surface.
Every bud has a height of 10 to 20 microns and is
separated from each other by 10 to 15 microns.
Application: Carbon nanotubes or silver nanoparticles
Plasma: Fluorocarbon coatings
Sol-gel: Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and Tridecafluorooctyl
triethoxysilane (FAS)

64. NANOTECNOLOGY
SELF-CLEANING
Photocatalysis
TiO2 Nanoparticles

65. Nanofibre by electrospinning
NANOTECNOLOGY

66. Conducting fibres from synthetic polymers by the
addition of conducting polymers or carbon nanotubes
Composite of LDPE with MWCNTs
Polyaniline synthesized in LEITAT
NANOTECNOLOGY

67. Extrusion of polymeric yarns (nanocomposite)
Twin screwed extruder
Polyethylene yarn with 10% wt
carbon nanotube and pure
polyethylene yarn.
NANOTECNOLOGY

68. The wear resistance of original cotton: 25000 cycles at 12kPa of pressure.
Carbon nanotube grafted cotton fabric: 33000 cycles.
The grafting have not improved or affected the anti-static behaviour of cotton.
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube grafting on COTTON
NANOTECNOLOGY

69. NANOTECNOLOGY
Carbon Nanotubes for improving mechanical properties
SEM images of CNTs on fabrics: untreated fabric (left) and pretreated with air
plasma (right)

70. Sample realized with
Jacquard machine
using CNT yarn as weft
Sample realized with CNT yarn
using the flat knitting machine
Sample realized with CNT coated yarn
using the circular knitting machine
NANOTECNOLOGY
CNT Coating on PES Yarn

71. DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMATERIALS
Development of biodegradable materials like PLA from
agricultural by-products as substitutes for petroleum derivatives.
Blending conventional polymers with:
Natural products and nanoparticles
BIOPOLYMERS

72. Bio-degradable and bio-compatible fibres from
biopolymers and blends with natural fibres
Biocomposites based on
polycaprolactone
Biocomposites based on PLA
NEW POLYMERS
BIOPOLYMERS

73. OTHER
INNOVATIVE
FINISHES

74. Microcapsules
Application of microcapsules
MICROCAPSULES
Cosmetics, pharmaceutics, medicine, hygiene
Hydrating agent: Aloe Vera, Vitamin A y E
Anticelulitis agent : caffeine
Relaxing agent : lavender, ion therapy
Aromatherapy
Antimicrobial agent (Chitosan Microcapsules)
Anti-odour agent
PCM microcapsules
Perfume microcapsules

75. “Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that, as a result
of an external stimulus such as temperature or moisture, can change
from a temporary deformed shape, back to an original shape”.
Principle:
Integration of polyurethane fibres or a shape memory alloy,
Nitinol, between the fibers which compose the textile.
Nitinol:
Composed of Nickel and titanium (Nickel titanium, NiTi).
Able to change shape according to the temperature.
Properties:
Increase comfort
(adjust to cooler or warmer temperatures)
Wrinkle-free fabric
Smart fabrics
SHAPE MEMORY FABRICS

76. Thermochromic dispersions
Colour to colourless fabric when temperature rise
Reappearing of colour when temperature reduce again
Body temperature control via textile colour changes
Safety guarantee
Principle:
CHROMIC PIGMENTS

77. Phosphorescent dispersions
Colour fabric in dark place
Fabric design
Signalization
Safety
Principle:
The energy absorbed by the
phosphorescent dispersion
is released relatively slowly
in the form of light.
PHOSPHORESCENT PIGMENTS

78. DIGITAL PRINTING - MEMS
Intelligent fabric incorporating MEMS and application sectors
MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) on flexible fabrics

79. Operational sequence in
3D printing process
PROCESS
• Thick film printing and sacrificial
etching for 3D MEMS structures.
• Inkjet printing and build up of 3D
MEMS structures by successive
layer deposition
AIM
• Deposition of passive materials
(e.g. insulator, conductor and
material with good mechanical
properties).
• Deposition of active materials (e.g.
piezoelectric, piezoresistive).
• Deposition of encapsulation.
DIGITAL PRINTING - MEMS

80. Self cleaning agents
UV protecting agent (TiO2, ZnO)
Anti-mosquito agent
Anti-microbial agent (Chitosan
Microcapsules)
Anti-odour agent (Cyclodextrin)
Perfume microcapsules
Anti-staining agents
Hydrophobic treatments
Home Textiles
DRAPE FINISHING

81. FIRE RETARDANTS - EXPANDIBLES
Expandable Graphite (EG) belongs to a group of products called
intumescents.
The main property of intumescents is their ability to expand when
heated.
Expandable graphite can be applied in flame retardant materials and
the expansion volume is up to 300-400 ml/g.

82. FOAM FINISHING
Foam finishing is technique to apply a foam on a textile
surface to provide various functional properties.
The machine consists of a blender for water, chemicals
and air to generate foam and a foam applicator.
Foam finishing can reduce the use of water in the textile
industry.
Brittany Dyeing and Printing Corporation
and NICE3 (National Industrial
Competitiveness through Energy,
Environment, and Economics) has
developed a new process

83. REFLECTANT TAPES
The reflectant tapes are
either based on
microprisms fixed on
clean hard surface or
microspheres applied as a
formulation.

84. HIGH SPEED SWIM SUITS
SPEEDO,
OCRA,
ARENA,
KIWAMI are
the market
leaders

85. OPTICALLY VARIABLE PIGMENTS
Optically variable pigments generate their color through the interference of
light rays reflected from interfaces between multiple layers of materials
differing in refractive index.

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