1. Sulation
Fragrance finishes of textile
TECHNOLOGY FOR FRAGRANCE FINISHING
(MICROENCAPSULATION)
Microencapsulation is a natural phenomenon and the examples of ideal microcapsules
are found in the nature i.e., spores, seeds, eggs and pollen etc only a few to mention.
Due to numerous applications of microencapsulation and as a result there are a
number of processes developed to encapsulate a
galaxy
of materials to suit the individual applicability. In the broadest sense, microencapsulation
provides a means of packaging, separating and storing solid and liquid materials in a
microscopic scale for a later release on your own desire under controlled conditions.
The fragrance compound and the essential oil are volatile substances. The most
difficult task in preparing the fragrance emitting textile is how to prolong its lifetime
of Odour. Micro-encapsulation is an effective technique to solve this. Microcapsules
are minute containers that are normally spherical if they enclose a liquid or gas, and
roughly of the shape of the enclosed particle if they contain a solid. It can be
considered as a special form of packaging, in that particulate matter can be
individually coated for protection against environment and release the volatile
substance from the enclosed capsule as required. This property has enabled
microcapsules to serve many useful functions and find applications in different fields
of technology. For
example

2. , the storage life of a volatile compound can be increased markedly by microencapsuling.
The key to aromatic textile is how to make microcapsules of fragrance com-pounds and
essential oils without omitting any ingredient in order to ensure its effects. In addition,
using a low-temperature polymer binder to attach a perfumed microcapsule to the surface
of the textile is also an important part of preparing an aromatic textile. At the same time,
durability in laundering and a soft handle should be carefully considered
Why Use Microencapsulation Technology
1. Protection of the enclosed material and improved storage life.
2. Conversion of a liquid component to a dry solid system.
3. Ensuring separation of incompatible components.
4. Odour masking, dust control and pH control
5. Controlled diffusion of active components through the shell as for example in delayed
drug release.
6. Change of weight or volume.
Fragrances and Human Emotions

3. Representative Odor Categories
• Citrus Lemon (Citral, Citronellal)
• Orange (Mandarin Oil, Decyl acetate)
• Floral Carnation (Phenethyl salicylate)
• Gardenia (Nonyl acetate)
• Geranium(Citronellol)
• Lilac (Anisyl acetate)
• Lily (hydroxycitronellal)
• Rose (Rose absolute)
• Violet (Costus Oil, Methyl-2-nonenoate)
• Fruity Apple (Benzyl acetate)
• Apricot (Allyl butyrate)
• Banana (Amyl acetate)
• Grape (Isobutyl isobutyrate)
• Peach (Allyl butyrate)
• Strawberry (Benzyl benzoate)
• Herbaceous Clove (Eugenyl acetate)
• Minty (l-carveol, l-Carvone, l-Menthol)
• Sweet Anise (Ethyl acetate, Methyl sorbate)
• Cinnamon (Cinnamaldehyde)
• Honey(Allyl phenoxyacetate)
• Sweet (Acetanisole)
• Vanilla (Anisyl acetate)
PREPARATION OF RECIPE
The fragrance with β -cyclodextrin inclusions were formed by mixture solution
containing alcohol and distilled water (1:3). The solution was emulsified with a high-speed
mixer at a speed of about 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The emulsified system was
transferred into a flask. The fragrance alcohol solution was added into the emulsified
solutions over30 minutes, and stirred at a temperature of 40oC for 2 hours.
In exhaust method, firstly beta cyclodextrin using acrylic acid, sodium hypophosphite
and potassium persuplhate was applied by exhausting and the fragrance was sprayed
by means of spray gun.

4. Fragrance finishes of textile
Application
1. Padding Method
o The fabric is padded with above recipe
o Fragrance: 10% of weight of fabric.
o Padding pressure 2kg/cm2
o Dry and cure at 70oC-120°C (1-5 min.)
2. Exhausting
o Prepare the recipe with water up to desired concentration
o Exhaust at 40°C for 20 - 30 min.
o Hydro extract water
o Use Fragrance : 5-10% on weight of fabric
WHY CYCLODEXTRIN?
Although there are many effective approaches to micro-encapsulation for decreasing
fragrance-release, cyclodextrins are the best regarding safety to the human body
because
1. B-cyclodextrin has no skin irritation, no skin sensibilisation and no mutagenic
effect.
2. Cyclodextrins are non-reducing cyclically linked oligosaccharides produced by
certain micro-organisms of cultivated starch, which are capable of forming inclusion
compounds with molecules that fit into their cone-shaped hydrophobic cavity.
3. As a result of the inclusion, the physico-chemical properties of the compounds are

5. changed, e.g. the vapour pressure of volatile substance is reduced, and stabilities
against light or
air
are enhanced.
4. On the other hand, the harmful and unpleasant Odour in the surrounding may be
eliminated.
5. Furthermore, cyclodextrins clamped on cellulose do not affect the cellulose’s
properties, and cyclodextrins keep their ability to form inclusion complexes with other
suitable molecules.
1. Thus, cyclodextrins are the first choice in preparing aromatherapy textiles. The
detailed analysis described above allowed us to select the following procedure.
MECHANISIM OF RELEASING
The releasing of the content from the capsules is one of the interesting aspects of the wall
materials. It is dependent directly on the type of wall material used, the no of layer
present around the core and the concentration of the wall material. However there are
three basic mechanisms through which capsule release the content to outside. These are
• Diffusion
• Enzymatic digestion
• Surface leaching through chemicals
Diffusion:
It is a purely physical process, which takes place when the capsule content (active drug)
is sufficiently soluble in water and body fluids, and the wall material is insoluble but
permeable. This process could also be called dialytic. Diffusible drugs, the rate and
pattern can be adjusted to accommodate specific requirements by modifying the
composition and thickness of the wall material.
Enzymatic digestion:
It is a biochemical process, whereby the wall material is attacked and disintegrated with
specific enzymes to release the content from the capsule.

6. Surface leaching through chemicals:
It is purely chemical process which is chosen according to wall material to dissolve
the wall material through chemical reaction and release the core material to the outside
for the application.
Applications
» Cosmeto-textiles
Microencapsulated skin moisturizers, vitamins and provitamins are applied in
garments and known as cosmeto-textiles, designed for wear in contact with skin.
These are claimed to promote a younger look, counteracting the effects of skin ageing,
e.g. as a result of exposure to UV-radiation. There are also microencapsulated
preparations for skin cooling.
» Aromatherapy Textiles
The uses of aromatherapy textile are diverse. Interior textiles such as sheets, quilt-covers,
curtains, carpets and bed-gowns are suitable for the attachment of lavender,
camomile, citrus or cinnamon microcapsules, which are good for hypnogenesis and
eliminating fatigue. Patients suffering high blood pressure feel sedation when they use
a pillow made of fabric treated with lavender, basil, and lemon or fennel
microcapsules. The tired office clerk wearing clothing with a scent of lemon rose, or
jasmine oil may find his work efficiency improved. Meanwhile, it is convenient for
dermatitis sufferers to be cured with the aid of underwear containing killing gem
fabric. Perfumed toys make it easier for children to get closer to nature. Generally
speaking, varied per-fume fabrics create good opportunities for customers to make the
‘cocooning’ environment they prefer to live in
» Home Textiles
In other areas, household textiles such as curtains, sofas, cushions, sheets, as well as
apparel items such as gloves, socks and ties may also be treated with
microencapsulated fragrance and deodorizing finishes. The carpets can be finished
with fragrances of different kinds and can be widely used in home textiles as well as

7. automotive textiles.
» Sport Wears
As the ‘second skin’ of the human body, all types of textile are excellent media for
transferring fragrance compounds, and are essential to people in sport according to
their preference for them
. The type of the fragrance necessary for sports wear may be orange, lemon which will
keep them energized on the ground for longer period.
» Apparel
The scents of lavender, rose, citrus or vanilla were encapsulated into fabrics, which
proved a good way to meet important psychological and emotional needs, as well as
those of a purely physical and sensorial nature. Thus the fabrics finished with above
fragrances can be used in apparels, leisure wear, daily wears, party wears etc.
CONCLUSION
The creation of value added fabrics not only represents an academic advance in the textile
industry, but will also bring convenience to our lives. The fragrance finished textiles are
very new in the current market and they have gained the much more importance in day to
day life. The above stated applications give us further encouragement to explore fragrant
fabrics by microencapsulation. It avoids technological difficulties and enables the
manufacture of fragrance finished products to be done significantly, less ex-pensively.
The growth of the athletic apparel product category and the extension of intimate apparel
into every-day “body wear” offer new opportunities for applying this technology to a
fabric in the finishing stage.
Nonetheless, to make the dream of this kind of fragrant textile come true, close
cooperation is needed between laboratory researchers, academicians and partners from
industry. Therefore, it proves that in the present condition if one has to sustain himself
to immense competition one has to come up with new techniques. And this is also
supported by a saying, “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”.
REFERENCES
1. Aromachology and its Application in the Textile Field -C. X. Wang, Sh. L. Chen ,
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe January / December 2005, Vol. 13, No. 6 (54).
2. Capture and Controlled Release of Fragrances by CD Finished Textiles - B.
MARTEL, Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 44: 439–442,
2002.

8. 3. Odor Measurement in Textile Industries – Krzysz Gniotek , Fibres & Textiles in
Eastern Europe January / March 2003 Vol. 11 No.1 (40).
4. Scent-Infused Textiles to Enhance Consumer Experiences John Pierce, leader;
Fernando Tovia; Natalie
Weathers
(Phila U)
National
Textile Center Research Briefs – Fabrication Competency: June 2006 .
5. National Textile Center Research Briefs – Fabrication Competency: June 2006
6. A Quantitative Study of Factors That Influence the Substantivity of Fragrance
Chemicals on Laundered and Dried Fabrics Sina D. Escher a, and Esther Oliveros b.
7. Modification of a Cellulosic Fabric with â-Cyclodextrin for Textile Finishing
Applications Pierandrea Lo Nostro, Laura Fratoni and Piero Baglioni, Journal of
Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 44: 423–427, 2002.
8. Mechanical and physico-chemical characterization of cyclodextrin finished fabrics - J
Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem (2007) 57:47–52
9. Websites:
A. www.world-texile.net
B. www.maxxperforn.Com
C. www.particlescience.Com
10)file:///H:/Fragrance%20Finishing%20of%20Textiles%20%E2%80%93%20Free
%20Textile%20Industry%20Articles%20%E2%80%93%20Fibre2fashion.com.htm
About Author:
Authors are students of Department of Textile Technology, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji
Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nanded-431606. Maharashtra, India.
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