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DYSPNEA
APPROACH
HX
• Resp sympt +smoker or not /occupation
Cough ,fever ,hemoptysis
• Card sympt >palpitation ,chest pain ,orthopnea
• Duration (more or less 12h)
• Risk of PE – well s score
• Trauma /FB aspiration
EXAM
• Vitals (pulse,BP,RR,sat,GCS,temp,RBG)
• Signs of resp distress (RR,intercostal retraction,abd
paradox,cyanosis )
• Chest auscultion & percussion if needed
*inspection in case of trauma- flail chest
• Card exam (HS muffled , edema , jugular vein
distension ,orthopnea )
• Tonsils / mouth floor / LN enlarged
PHARYNGITIS & LUDWIG ANGINA
ANGIOEDEMA
ABDOMINAL PARADOX
KUSSMAULL BREATHING
FLAIL CHEST
EDEMA GRADES
INV
• ECG>arrythemia &ischemia
• CXR >lung &pleura
• ABG>resp failure type &degree of
hypoxia
• CASE BASED INVESTIG (echo,ct ,lab)
TTT
* Airway >suction if oral secretion
Defentive airway if GCS 8 OR below
Or failure of oxygention or ventillation
*Breathing > o2 device or mech vent
*Circulat >optimize BP (VD/ vasopressor /fluid or blood
products )
* Case based initial ttt
CASE 1
• 70 y old male pt presented to ER by gradual onset dyspnea for 1w eout other resp sympt
, e hx of HTN ,DM,smoker
• His vitals
Pulse 90,bp 130/80,RR 28,sat 85% ,temp 37,gcs 15 .RBG 212
Chest exam revealed absent air entry on lt lung
1) DD
2) Inv
CXR
ABG
• Ph 7.30
• Co2 61
• 02 59
• Hc03 35
ACUTE ON TOP OF CHR TYPE 2 RF
• Type 2 –low o2& high co2
• Acute as (7.4-7.3) / (61-40) =0.0555> ()0.03 & 0.08
CASE 2
• 82 y old fem pt presnted by dyspnea for 2d , fatigue ,chest pain ,no other resp sympt,
• PMH >HTN, cancer lt breast (mastectomy done& received radiottt 5 y ago,
fract neck fem 2 y ago > bed ridden
• Vitals
BP 130/80,pulse 110,RR 38,sat 65,GCS15,RBG 190
Chest exam >clear
No orthopnea
Pitting edema G2 in both LL , G4 in lt UL e mild tenderness over it
1) DD
2) Inv
ECG
PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
ECHO
Dyspnea approach p1

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Dyspnea approach p1

  • 2.
  • 3. HX • Resp sympt +smoker or not /occupation Cough ,fever ,hemoptysis • Card sympt >palpitation ,chest pain ,orthopnea • Duration (more or less 12h) • Risk of PE – well s score • Trauma /FB aspiration
  • 4.
  • 5. EXAM • Vitals (pulse,BP,RR,sat,GCS,temp,RBG) • Signs of resp distress (RR,intercostal retraction,abd paradox,cyanosis ) • Chest auscultion & percussion if needed *inspection in case of trauma- flail chest • Card exam (HS muffled , edema , jugular vein distension ,orthopnea ) • Tonsils / mouth floor / LN enlarged
  • 11.
  • 13.
  • 14. INV • ECG>arrythemia &ischemia • CXR >lung &pleura • ABG>resp failure type &degree of hypoxia • CASE BASED INVESTIG (echo,ct ,lab)
  • 15. TTT * Airway >suction if oral secretion Defentive airway if GCS 8 OR below Or failure of oxygention or ventillation *Breathing > o2 device or mech vent *Circulat >optimize BP (VD/ vasopressor /fluid or blood products ) * Case based initial ttt
  • 16. CASE 1 • 70 y old male pt presented to ER by gradual onset dyspnea for 1w eout other resp sympt , e hx of HTN ,DM,smoker • His vitals Pulse 90,bp 130/80,RR 28,sat 85% ,temp 37,gcs 15 .RBG 212 Chest exam revealed absent air entry on lt lung 1) DD 2) Inv
  • 17. CXR
  • 18. ABG • Ph 7.30 • Co2 61 • 02 59 • Hc03 35
  • 19. ACUTE ON TOP OF CHR TYPE 2 RF • Type 2 –low o2& high co2 • Acute as (7.4-7.3) / (61-40) =0.0555> ()0.03 & 0.08
  • 20. CASE 2 • 82 y old fem pt presnted by dyspnea for 2d , fatigue ,chest pain ,no other resp sympt, • PMH >HTN, cancer lt breast (mastectomy done& received radiottt 5 y ago, fract neck fem 2 y ago > bed ridden • Vitals BP 130/80,pulse 110,RR 38,sat 65,GCS15,RBG 190 Chest exam >clear No orthopnea Pitting edema G2 in both LL , G4 in lt UL e mild tenderness over it 1) DD 2) Inv
  • 21. ECG
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. ECHO

Editor's Notes

  1. عيان البرد دا هيجيلك انه عنده رشح وبيعطس ومرخيره مكتومه عيان اللي زوره بيوجعه بقاله كام يوم والبلع صعب وLN enlarged عيان laryngitis جاي drooling مش قادر يبلع ريقه وصوته متغير عيان fb هيقولك انه بلع حاجه او الريلتف هيقولك عيان angioedema هيبقا عنده هستوري انه اتقرص او كل حاجه جديده او دوا استخدمه عمله حساسيه عيان pneumonia جاي بكحه +-حراره /الاكسجين قليل وممكن بيكح دم عيان alv hge زيه بس دا اكتر ف عيانين autoimmune dse زي SLE عيان الازمه وIPF دا بيبقا انه ع اكسجين ف البيت /بياخد بخاخات وكده عيان copd انه بيدخن /شغال ف مصنع فيه عوادم كتير وكل شويه الكحه والنهجان والبلغم بيزيد عليه /حرارته تعلي عيان OHS دي بتيجي morbid obesity او عندها hypothyroidism بتلاقيها كل شويه بتنام ع نفسها وهي اعده ..جايه الاكسجين قليل عيان effusion دا جاي بنهجان بقاله فتره ..غالبا بيطلع هيباتك او كانسر عيان pneumothorax اما انه اتخبط ف صدره ...او جاي بقاله كذا يوم وجع والنهجان بيزيد عليه عيان myositis دا بييجي بatypical chest pain بقاله كام يوم بيروح وييجي ..يزيد مع الحركه والنفس زيه زي بتاع التروما عيان ms paralysis بتلاقي مش قادر يحرك عضلات صدره اصلا..هتلاقي diaphragm بس اللي بيتحرك مثلا او كده والاكسجين واقع ..بس دا لو داخل ف attack يعني عيان acs غالبا جاي بوجع ..بس ممكن لو عنده autonomic neuropathy ميحسش يوجع انما انه مش قادر ياخد نفسه كويس زي الاول عيان arrhythmia نفس الموضوع ..هو مش عارف يفرق بين ان نبضات قلبه سريعه او نفسه المشكله ...بس هنا نقطه محوريه ..ان acute onset زيه زي mi ...يعني هيبقا اقل من 12 س ...لو اكتر من كده هيجيلك shocked اصلا عيان pulm edema ..برده acute onset ..عنده CHF/CKD..اكسجينه قليل زي اي باثولجي مأثر ع ALVEOLI عيان Decompensated hf بيبقا النهجان زايد عليه بقاله كام يوم ..كحه ناشفه ..مورم من كل حته ..وهو عنده CHF/CKD عيان PE دا عنده Atypical chest pain ممكن معاه hemoptysis ونهجان مفيش تفسير له ..دي نقطه مهمه تفكر فيها دايما لما تعمل كل حاجه ومتلاقيش تفسير للنهجان دا زيه زي pericard effusion عيان metab acid دا هيبقا جايلك ب kusmull breathing ...هتلاقي سكره عالي ..عنده uremic manifestion او shocked بس دي اقلهم عيان الانيميا هيبقا عنده هستوري من نزيف او العيان ابيض ادامك عيان co poisoning دا انه كان ف عربيه قديمه مقفوله او بيستحمي ف حمام والسخان شغال بالغاز وجوا الحمام ..او حريقه ..دي تاخد بالك منها ف حالات الحروق ...هتلاقي الاكسجين بتاعه كويس ..بس بينهج ..ومفيش تقسير تاني زي up airway obst او lung pathology بتاع ICH ..مش هيبقا مشكلته النهجان خالص ..هو جاي ف دنيا تانيه بتاع الحراره ..انت بتقيسها ...ودي حاجه اساسيه وبتتنسي .. لو لقيت العيان tachyp ادامك ..استبعد انه feverish الاول قبل كل الكلام اللي فوق دا العيان السايكك ..دا برده acute onset .. ..ساعتين تلاته بالكتير ..سمع خبر وحش..حد زعله ...ممكن تلاقي carpo pedal spasm نتيجه hyperventil;aton و resp alk اللي حصلت تقلل الكالسيوم موقت