Architecture research methods

1. Seven
Types of research
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS
By Linda Grout & David wang
A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .

2. SEVEN
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
1.Historical research
2.Qualitative research
3.Correlational research
4.Experimental and Quasi experimental research
5.Simulational research
6.Logical Argumentation
7.Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .

3. Historical research │qualitative research │correlational research │experimental and quasi-
experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS
 HANDLING OF EVIDENCES
1.Determinative
2.Contextual
3.Inferential
4.Recollective
 TRAITS OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH OLD AND NEW
1.History research bring into view of something from past
2.Interpertation
3.Narrative
4.The cultural Turn
5.Spatial turn
A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .

4. Historical research │qualitative research │correlational research │experimental and quasi-
experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
 TACTICS-CASE STUDY
1.Onsite familiarity
2.use of documents
3.Visual comparison
4.material evidences
5.Comparision with conditional elsewhere
6.Local Informants & lore
7.Reenactment/Testimonials
8.Identification of Remaining questions

5. Historical research │Qualitative research │correlational research │experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS
 6-GENDRAL CHARACTER
1.An emphasis on natural setting
2.A focus on Interpretational & meaning
3.A focus on how the respondent make sense of their own circumstances
4.Use of multiple tactics
5.Significance of inductive logic
6.Other aspects of qualitative research strategy
A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .

6. Historical research │Qualitative research │correlational research │experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
ATTRIBUTES
1.Holistics
2.Prolonged contacts
3.Open end
4.Researcher as measurement device
5.Analysis through word or visual material
5.Personal or Informal writing stances
APPROACHES
1.Ethnography
2.Phenmenological Inquiry
3.Ground theory

7. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
 GENERAL CHARACTER
1.Focus on naturally occurring patterns
2.Measurement of specific variables
1.Catergorical Measurement
2.Ordinal scale
3.Interval & Ratio scales
3.The use of statics to clarify pattern of relationship
 STRATEGY
│Relationship
│Casual comparative

8. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
 TACTICS-DATA COLLECTION
 SURVEY
 OBSERVATION
 MAPPING
 SORTING
 ARCHIVES
 TACTICS-READING ABOUT AND UNDERSTANDING MULTIPLES VARIANT
ANALYSES
 TYPOLOGICAL
 MULTIPLE REGRESSION
 FACTOR ANALYSIS
 MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING

9. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
STRATEGY- GENERAL CHARACTER
 The use of a treatment or independent variable
 The measurement of one or more outcomes variable
 The designation of a unit of assignment
 The use of a comparison or control group
 A focus on causality
STRATEGY
 Random Assignment experimental research
 Non-Random assignment in quasi-Experiment research

10. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
 TACTICS-SETTING , TREATMENT & MEASURES FOR EXPERIMENTAL
1.Clarify the tactics of preciously discussed studies
2.Lab experiments
3.Using Lab-setting , Physical treatment& subjective measurement
 CONCLUSION
1.Efficacy & Accuracy
2.Misapplication of experimental procedure
3.Ethical issue

11. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
 Simulation of complex human factor
 Simulation in earlier stage of the architectural design
process
 Integration of simulation software's
 Real-time Simulation
 Modelling construction sequence
STRATEGY
Representation versus simulation
Model-Iconic , Analog , Operational & mathematical

12. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
PREDICTION VERSUS PROJECTION/PATTERN
 Simulation research to experimental & Correlational research
TACTICAL
1.Accuracy of replication
2.Limitation of data collection
3.Cost estimation

13. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
Paradigmatic Innovation
A priori Argumentation
Logical argumentative on framework tend to inter disciplinary
Primary & Secondary Logical framework
TACTICS
Defining first principles-quality , quantity & origin
Defining relationship
Relationship between terms-
1.Necessity,
2.Deduction/ Induction,
3. A priori(previous experience)/A posteriori(fact or truth that are
established)
LOGICALARGUMENTATIVE (L.A)-SPECTURM

14. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
TACTICS IN L.A-RHETORIC TACTIC (R.T)CULTURAL/DISCURSIVE SYSTEMS
RHETORIC TACTIC (R.T)
1.R.T-Naming
2.Association/Disassociation
3.Analogy
4.story
5.graphic Image
6.Appeals to group Identity
7.Dividing or integrating
8.Authoriy
TACTICS IN L.A
Categories & way to arrange them
1.simple Categories
2.cross Categories
3.By spectrum or spectra
4.By Adjacency matrices

15. Historical research │Qualitative research │Correlational research │Experimental and
quasi- experimental research
Simulation research │Logical Argumentation│Case Studies &Combined strategies
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .
GENERAL CHARACTER
1.A focus on either single or multicases in their real life contexts
2.The capacity to explain causal links
3.A reliance on multiple source of evidences with data converging in a
triangular fashion
4. the power to generalise to theory
STRATEGY - single or multiple cases
Combined-Two-phase
A dominant-Less dominant
mixed methodology

16. ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS A r . K . K E D H E E S W A R A N M.Arch .