1. There are multiple understandings of diagrams and their uses in architecture. Diagrams can represent concepts through plans, sections, programs, functions, and circulation. 2. Plan diagrams often relate architectural form to spatial composition and layout. Sectional diagrams relate form to invisible phenomena like light and scale. 3. Program/function diagrams visualize how building form relates to intended space use. Circulation diagrams relate form to user movement. 4. Parametric design uses mathematical models with variables to generate designs through variations in shape, volume and geometry. Examples include designs responding to sun paths and dynamic museum displays.

1. CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES IN
DESIGN THINKING
KETHEESWARAN K M.Arch,
Asst.Prof.Architecture.
THEORY OF DESIGN (R-2017)
UNIT V -PROCESS AND DESIGN
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

2. INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES IN DESIGN
• CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES
– A design process which belonging to or occurring in the present and
for future new trends
• EMERGENCE
-A design process or a style coming into being, evolve, coming out into
view, new trend on thinking
• CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES IN DESIGN THINKING
– A design process or thinking which belonging to or occurring in the present and for the future new
trends of design which is done through help of technology (digital i.e. computer ).
Technology BEFORE industrial revolution –design were made from paper,pencil,ink,manual painting
for sketching the concept, manual surveying the topography and planning, on site visit, all with
some combination of basic shape and geometry. With physical model analysis are so much complex
in nature. Art, sculpture and artifact.
Technology AFTER industrial revolution – invention machinery and devices ,more demand has been
posses do supply of product also more. In architecture field the invention CAD,CAM,other analysis
package give more précised design thinking output. They ended with complexity and virtual
reality.eg –Sketch up ,chat center ,video call, 3d games etc.
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

3. 1. The architecture of modern times is characterized by its capacity to take advantage of the specific achievements of
that same modernity: the innovations offered it by present-day science and technology
2. The relationship between new technology and futuristic architecture thinking even comprises a fundamental datum
of what may be referred to as avant-garde architectures
3. Future will be about integrating computer-aided design with computer-aided fabrication and construction
4. Redefining the thinking to relationship between designing and producing
5. It would bridge the thinking gap between designing and producing
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

4. Non-digital Digital
D I G I TA L T E C H N O L O G Y & NON -D I G I TA L T E C H N O L O G Y
Non-digital Digital
Non-digital Digital
Non-digital Digital
Non-digital Digital
Non-digital Digital
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

5. D I G I TA L P R O C E S S T E C H N O L O G Y
1. Simulation of development processes
2. Animation can be done i.e. walk through & evolution
3. Development of Interactive processes and spaces
4. Generation of mixed shapes defined with basic
programs and messages
5. Immersion , Interactivity , Iterative (return to the
past),Intelligence, Illusion (5 I’s)
6. Less time consuming, required skilled user and less
man power as per demand and supply
7. No waste of material resources ie all in soft data’s at
last only hardcopy and model.
NON -D I G I TA L P R O C E S S T E C H N O L O G Y
1. Non iterative/repetitive (i.e. no return to the past)
2. No simulation or preview of step is seen
3. More of hardcopy is wasted
4. No development and evolution can be screened with
accurate measures.
5. No simulation and analysis can be made
6. Immersion,interactivity,iterative,intelligence,illusion is
not seen
7. Time consuming ,less skilled user and more man power
as per demand and supply
8. Waste of material resources
DIGITAL AND NON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ( i.e. contemporary process &Non contemporary process)
Non-digital Digital
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

6. Since the 1980s, the diagram has become a preferred method for researching, communicating, theorizing and making
architectural designs, ideas and projects.
DIAGRAMS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
• Definitions of ‘diagrams’ and their functions and values in the architectural design process
• Diagrams of Architecture is to represent -relationship through the histories , theories , function , concept , idea , and
futures of architecture through the diagram as various element such as plan ,section, detail form ,all elements of
architecture as scale, proportion, function,light,circulation etc.
• Identify the architectural qualities and quality of buildings produced using diagrams.
D i a g r a m s a n d s k e tc h e s - d i f f e r e n c e s
DIAGRAMS AND SKETCHES-DIFFERENCES
DIAGRAM
1. Can be described with its own history and in
relation to subjects and domains that extend
beyond arts.
2. Conveys concepts and relationships in an abstract
manner as structure , concept , function ,
proportion etc.
3. More informative on the complexities and activities
around the project e.g. a quantum /parameter of
climate,privacy,area,cost,orientation
4. Both qualitative and quantitative in nature
SKETCHES
1. More related to arts or to the drawing and the
model.
2. Is more about spatial form and executed with a finer
resolution that indicate the attributes of shape
3. Provides more detailed information on the spaces in
random nature.
4. Only qualitative nature.
DIAGRAMS
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

7. 1. There are multiple understandings of diagrams and their uses in architecture.
2. The overarching purpose of any architectural drawing is to act as a ‘visual language’ - a medium between
thoughts and reality.
3. In the visual language of architecture, diagrams are the ‘dot ,’ compared to the prose of detailed drawings
and renders.
4. The diagrams can be aided by the use of different types as zoning ,planning, sectioning,scaling,circulation
etc.
5. These images might be considered as diagrams in the purest sense, however they are selected due to a
perceived diagrammatic intent or nature.
PLAN
SECTION
PROGRAM/ FUNCTION
CIRCULATION
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

8. 1. Plan (Plan metric) diagrams represent concepts and spatial elements from above.
2. Plan diagrams often relate the architectural form with program, spatial composition and layout.
1. A scheme for a social housing project of 64 houses
showing different room types and their floor areas.
2. The describes the entrance and circulation routes of the
Rolex Learning Centre, and vaguely describes the programmatic
layout of the interior.
DIAGRAM
Example
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

9. 1. Sectional diagrams relate to architectural or spatial concepts using a
vertical plane cut through an object to show the interiority and
verticality of a design.
2. These diagrams often relate architectural form with program, invisible
phenomenon such as light and wind, and relate elements to the
human scale.
DIAGRAM
A sectional diagram of
Anh House, S+Na. –
Sanuki + Nishizawa
architects,illustrating
the way phenomenon
such as sunlight and
wind interact with the
building form.
A combination of sectional diagrams to
illustrate the programmatic layout of the
linked hybrid by Stephen holl structures
in relation to the overall building form,
using color coding.
E x a m p l e
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

10. PROGRAM
/ FUNCTION
DIAGRAM
1. Programmatic/Function/activity/design requirement diagrams relate
to the layout of a building in terms of program and their use, and are
used to visualize how the programs relate to the building form.
2. These diagrams are usually planimetric (plan), sectional and
axonometric diagrams, and relate the building form to the intended
function of each area.
1.The programmatic/activity layout of Mobiüs House using written
categories in relation to the building form.
Mobiüs House UN studio
E x a m p l e
2.The programs/function of the Seattle Central Library, and visually
represents the scale of each program through size and color.
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

11. Circulation diagrams relate building form to the circulation aspects of a design
concept. Circulation is often included as an aspect in programmatic diagrams,
though can often be represented in a more detailed manner when presented in
diagrams focusing purely on circulation/user movement.
CIRCULATIONDIAGRAM
1.The circulation elements of the Cooper Union building
and uses color coding to reference different levels.
E x a m p l e
2.An abstract presentation of
the circulation concept used
in the Yokohama Ferry
Terminal No Return diagram.
which is aided by an exploded
axonometric diagram
showing the actual
circulation layout
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

12. Mathematical software, architects can construct mathematical
models and design procedures that are constant by numerous
variables
PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURES THINKING PROCESS
A variable that can be varied or changed with a Constant is seen in shape, volume and geometry
Mathematical Approach, Each variable or process is a ‘slot’ into which an external influence can be mapped, either statically
or dynamically
Parametric design can generate any design curvilinear or, straight
line ,big or small and sun path (ie parabola,ellipse), wind velocity
City hall London, Norman foster +partner
architecture for user experience, Example for
sun path parametric design ,parabola,ellipse or
circle
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,

13. It was created form as motion (dynamic variable without constant)
It was mainly for museum concept for viewing the display at various
eye level to create a dramatic effect
The parametric concept used was constant major axis and
other axis was varied its idea was abstract of Spiro graph
Spiro graph have parametric
equation with two variable points,
which dynamically runs with gear or
track to create pattern looped
pattern for circulation.
The variable are pen point and
variable dia circle. Static are holding
round gear.
PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURES THINKING PROCESS
MERCEDES-BENZ MUSEUM -UN STUDIO
KEDHEESWARAN K - M.Arch , Asst.Proff,