Biodiversity

1. BIODIVERSITY
Dr. K. M. Ranjalkar
Assistant Professor & Head
Department of botany,
Late Pushpadevi Patil Arts and Science College, Risod,
District Washim (M.S.) India.
E-mail: botanyhodlppc@gmail.com
Cell +91 9398711627

2. BIODIVERSITY

3. INTRODUCTION
The term Biodiversity was coined by Walter G. Rosen in
1986.
The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of
innumerable organisms, knows as the Biodiversity,
which constitute the vital life support for survival of
human races.
Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity , represent
the sum of total of various life forms such as unicellular
fungi, protozoa, bacteria and multi cellular organisms
such as plants, fishes and mammals at various biological
levels including gens, habitats and ecosystems.

4. CONCEPT OF BIODIVERSITY & ITS TYPES
 Biodiversity is the variety of the life on Earth.
 For any kind of animals or plants-each individual is not
exactly the same as any other; nor are species or
ecosystems.
 Biodiversity is generally describes at three levels:
genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem
diversity.

5. TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
 There are Three Types of Biodiversity
-Genetic Biodiversity
-Species Biodiversity
-Ecosystem Biodiversity

6. GENETIC DIVERSITY
What is Genetic Diversity ?
Genetic Diversity is the range of genetic material which is
present in a species.

7. SPECIES DIVERSITY
What is Species Diversity ?
Species Diversity is the Diversity among the species in
an ecosystem.

8. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
What is Ecosystem Diversity ?
Ecosystem diversity is the diversity of a habitat in a
given unit area.

9. ECOSYSTEM OR HABITAT BIODIVERSITY
 Ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of the
biosphere.
 Ecosystem diversity is defined as, “ the aggregation of
various habitats, community types and abiotic environment
in a given area.”
 India has one of biggest ecosystem diversity, ranging from
desert, plains, hills, mangroves, rainforest to cold
Himalayas.
 In India there are 2 biodiversity hotspots present i.e. the
Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas.

10. DISTRIBUTION OF BIODIVERSITY
 India is a country rich in biological diversity. It lies
within the Indomalaya ecozone and completely houses
2 of the 34 biodiversity hotspots in the world.
 Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, rather it varies
greatly across the globe as well as within regions.
 Terrestrial biodiversity is thought to be up to 25 times
greater than ocean biodiversity.
 The study of the spatial distribution of organism, species
and ecosystem, is the science of biogeography.

11. BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS IN INDIA
 The Western Ghats/ Sahyadri : Mountains-high
rainfall, state includes Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala. There are over 6000 vascular
plants, 3000 are endemic belonging to over 2500 genera.
 The Eastern Himalaya: region encompassing Bhutan,
Northeastern India and Nepal. It has nearly 163 globally
threatened species including 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17
reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant
species.

12. India has ten
biogeographic regions
1.The Trans-
Himalayan,
2. The Himalayan,
3.The Indian desert,
4.The Semi-arid
zone(s),
5.The Western Ghats
6. The Deccan
Peninsula,
7. The Gangetic Plain,
8. The Northeast India,
9. The Islands and
10. The Coasts
NE Himalyas
Western
Ghats
Biogeographic Diversity in India

13. SPECIES DIVERSITY IN INDIA
Group Number % of world species
Mammals 350 7.6%
Birds 1224 12.6%
Amphibians 197 4.4%
Reptiles 408 6.2%
Fishes 2546 11.7%
Flowering plants 15000 6%
Source: Indira Gandhi Conservation Monitoring Centre (IGCMC), New
Delhi.

15. BIODIVERSITY IN MAHARASHTRA

16. FLORA AND FAUNA IN MAHARASHTRA
 Maharashtra is the fifth largest state of India, lies
between 22º1’-16º4’ north longitude and 72º6’ -80º9’
East longitude. It has total area 3, 07, 762 sq. km.
 Maharashtra state shows rich floristic components, the
state reports the total 3, 700 higher plants, about 687 are
known to be endemic.

17. NATIONAL PARKS AND WILD LIFE SANCTUARY

18. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
 Habitat destruction: Due to better infrastructure, human activities such as
construction of buildings, highway, large dam caused significant
destruction of habitats thus it result into looses biodiversity areas.
 Climate Change: Climate Change may significantly affect the
temperatures, rainfalls results into change in biodiversity.
 Poaching: Mammals like tiger, rhinoceros and elephant are fear to
extinction due to hunting and poaching.
 (Poaching- It is defined as illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals)
 Over Exploitation: This includes over exploitation of Natural Resources
by Human affect the biodiversity.
 Resource mismanagement: Increased tourism without proper regulation
has led to pollution and environmental degradation.
 Pollution: Excess use of nitrate fertilizer and harmful chemical in
agricultural land led to change in environmental eco-balance.

19. Wood Cutting

20. FOREST FIRES

21. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
 Restoration of Biodiversity
 Imparting Environmental Education
 Population Control
 Reviewing Agricultural practices
 Controlling Urbanization
 Conservation through Biotechnology
 Endangered species program
 Wild life Reserves e. g. National Park
 Strong Wild life Protection Act

22. CONCLUSION
 Biodiversity or Biological diversity is the variation
of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem,
biome or for the entire Earth.
 Biodiversity can be divided into to different types
such as habitat, species and genetic diversity.
 Biodiversity help for survival to all living beings on
earth; it need for attention sustainable use of
natural resources.
 The human activities affect on Biodiversity on
globe, thus it is time need to conserve through
various method.
 Strong Wild life Protection Act should needed to
protect biodiversity.

23. THANK YOU !