biodiversity and it's conservation will help you understanding the meaning of biodiversity, bio-geographical classification of India, India as a mega diversity nation, hotspot of biodiversity, biodiversity at global, local and national level.

1. BIODIVERSITY &
IT’S CONSERVATION
Made By:- Maitry Agrawal
B.Sc. Clinical Research and healthcare management 2nd Year
Sub :- Environmental Studies
ICRI - JNU

2. Overview
• Introduction
• Bio – geographical classification of India
• Biodiversities at global level
• Biodiversity at national and local level
• India as a mega – diversity nation
• Hotspot of biodiversity

3. Introduction
• Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in
the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of
which is usually considered to be important and
desirable.
• Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment
and scientific management of biodiversity so as to
maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable
benefits for the present and future generation.

4. Bio – Geographical Classification Of India
• Biogeography classification of India is the division
according to biogeography characteristics.
• Biogeography is the study of the distribution of
species, organisms, and ecosystems in geographic
space and through geological time. There are
ten biogeography zones in India.

6. Zones of biogeography in India
Trans
Himalayan
zone
Himalayan
zone
Desert zone
Semiarid
zone
Western
ghat zone
Deccan
plateau zone
Gangetic
plain zone
North east
zone
Coastal zone Islands

7. Trans Himalayas Zone
• The Himalayan ranges immediately
north of the Great Himalayan range
are called the Trans- Himalayas.
•The Trans-Himalayan region with
its sparse vegetation has the richest
wild sheep and goat community in
the world.
•The snow leopard is found here, as
is the migratory black-necked cranes.

8. Himalayas zone
• The Himalayas consist of the youngest
and loftiest mountain chains in the
world.
• The forests are very dense with
extensive growth of grass and
evergreen tall trees. Oak, chestnut,
conifer, ash, pine, deodar are
abundant in Himalayas. There is no
vegetation above the snowline.
• Several animals live in the Himalayan
ranges. Chief species include monal,
wild sheep, mountain goats, ibex,
shrew, and tapir. Panda and snow
leopard are also found here.

9. Desert zone
• The extremely dry area west of the
Aravalli hill range comprises both
the salty desert of Gujarat and the
sandy desert of Rajasthan.
• Deserts occupy around 6.9% of the
country's landmass.
• The kinds of deserts found in India
are:
• The desert of western Rajasthan
• The desert of Gujarat
• High-altitude cold desert of
Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal
Pradesh.
• The Indian deserts have more
diversified fauna.

10. Semi arid zone
• A semi-arid climate or
steppe climate is the climate of
a region that receives
precipitation below potential
evapotranspiration, but not as
low as a desert climate.
• There are different kinds
of semi-arid climates, depending
on variables such as
temperature, and they give rise
to different biomes.

11. • The Western Ghats are a
mountain range that runs along
the western cost of India.
• They are a range extending
north-south from southern tip
of Gujarat in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south.
• The mountains cover an area of
about 160,000 sq. km.
• This ghat section covers an
extremely diverse range of biotic
provinces and biomes. It covers
about 5.8% of the country's
landmass.
Western ghat zone

12. Deccan plateau zone
• The Deccan Plateau is a
large plateau that covers most
of South India.
• It is triangular, surrounded by
three mountain ranges. It
extends over eight Indian
states (principally, Telangana,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil
Nadu).

13. Gangetic Plain Zone
• This plain covers the area
between the south Himalayas to
the tropic of cancer.
• These Plains were formed by the
Ganges river system and are
relatively homogeneous.
• This region experience 600 mm
rainfall annually. Sunderbans
forests are located in this region
and it covers 11% of the country's
land mass.

14. North East Zone
• These are pains and Non-
Himalayan ranges of
northeastern India and
have a wide variety of
vegetation. It covers
around 5.2% of the
country's land mass.

15. Coastal Zone
• A coastal zone is the interface
between the land and water.
These zones are important
because a majority of the
world's population inhabit
such zones.
• Coastal zones are continually
changing because of the
dynamic interaction between
the oceans and the land.

16. Islands
• An island or isle is any
piece of sub-continental
land that is surrounded by
water.
• Very small islands such as
emergent land features on
atolls can be called islets,
skerries, cays or keys.
• An island in a river or a
lake island may be called an
eyot or ait, and a
small island off the coast
may be called a holm.

17. Biodiversity at global level
• Conservative estimates of the existing biodiversity is ten
million species, but if estimates for insects are correct then
it could be around 30 million species, we have till now
enlisted about 1.4 million species.
• It includes among others about 98% birds, 95% reptiles
and amphibians, 90% fish and about 85% higher plants
known to exist on this Earth.

19. Biodiversity at national and local level
• India has over 108,276 species of bacteria, fungi, plants and
animals already identified and described. Out of these, 84
percent species constitute fungi (21.2 percent), flowering plants
(13.9 percent), and insect (49.3 percent). In terms of the
number of species, the insecta alone constitute nearly half of
the biodiversity in India.

20. Distribution of biota in India

21. India as a mega diversity nation
• India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries in the world.
The country is divided into 10 bio geographic regions.
• India is known for its rich heritage of Biological diversity,
having already documented over 91,000 species of animals and
45,500 species of plants in its 10 bio geographic regions. Nearly
6,500 native plants are still used prominently in indigenous
healthcare systems.
• India a mega diversity country with only 2.4% of the land area
of the world, but accounts for 7.8% of the recorded species of
the world.

22. • The diverse physical features and climatic situations have
formed ecological habitats like forests, grasslands, wetlands,
coastal and marine ecosystems and desert ecosystems, which
harbor and sustain immense biodiversity.
• Based on this, over 46,000 species of plants and 81,000 species
of animals have been described by the Botanical Survey of India
(BSI) established in 1890 and Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)
established in 1916, respectively.

23. Hotspot of biodiversity
• Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high species richness and
a high degree of endemism.
• The British biologist Norman Myers coined the term
“biodiversity hotspot” in 1988 as a bio geographic region
characterized both by exceptional levels of plant endemism and
by serious levels of habitat loss.
• Conservation International (CI) adopted Myers’ hotspots and in
1996, the organization made the decision to undertake a
reassessment of the hotspots concept.
• In 1999, CI identified 25 biodiversity hotspots in the book
“Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered
Terrestrial Ecoregions”.

24. • In 2005 CI published an updated titled “Hotspots Revisited:
Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial
Ecoregions”.
• The 35 biodiversity hotspots cover 2.3% of the Earth’s
land surface, yet more than 50% of the world’s plant species
and 42% of all terrestrial vertebrate species are endemic to
these areas.
• In 2011, the Forests of East Australia region was identified as
the 35th biodiversity hotspot.

26. Bibliography
• www.pmfias.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.brainary.com
• www.Sciencedaily.com
• www.yourarticlelibrary.com