The document discusses the definition, properties, nomenclature, and classification of enzymes. It provides background on the discovery of enzymes and their importance. Enzymes are defined as biocatalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions without undergoing change themselves. They are classified into six main categories based on the type of reaction catalyzed: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Each enzyme is also assigned a systematic name and identifying EC number for classification.

1. MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY
ENZYMES
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2. • DEFINITION
• PROPERTIES
• NOMENCLATURE
• CLASSIFICATION
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3. • The term enzyme was coined by Wilhelm
Friedrich kuhne in 1878
• It is derived from a Greek word meaning
'Yeast'
• Earlier enzymes were referred to as
'Ferments' because their actions were
similar to yeast fermentation
• Yeast converts sugar into ethyl alcohol and
carbon-di-oxide
INTRODUCTION
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4. Louis Pasteur was first
to recognise the
importance of
enzymes in
fermentation
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5. DEFINITION
Enzymes are very important in our life.
Enzymes are biocatalysts which accelerate the rate of
reactions without undergoing any change.
The hydrolysis of protein we require 24 to 30 hours with the help of
hydrochloric acid outside the body but within our body it takes fraction of hours
or 1 hour.
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6. PROPERTIES
• Colloidal in nature
• Thermoliable
• Proteins
• Specific in nature
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7. NOMENCLATURE
In 1956 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology gave enzyme commission number for each enzyme.
It was first published in the year 1961 and they have been
adopted universally.
According to union of Biochemistry two names are referred
for each enzymes
• Trival name
• Systematic name
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8. • Trival Name: It is shorter and more convenient to use.
• Systematic Name: It identifies the substrate which
specifies type of reaction catalysed.
• Further each enzymes given an identifying
classification number along with trival and systematic
name.
Ex: EC 1.1.1.1 is enzyme commission number for alchoal
dehydrogenase [Trival name]
alchoal NAD' oxidoreductase
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9. CLASSIFICATION
• Oxidoreductase
• Transferases
• Hydrolases
• Lyases
• Isomerase
• Ligases
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10. Oxidoreductase
Which were earlier called as dehydrogenases.
This group includes those enzymes which
bring about oxidation reduction between 2
substrates.
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11. Transferases
These enzymes catalyzes the transfer
of particular group from one substrate
to another.
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12. Hydrolases
The enzymes catalyzes hydrolysis of
complex substrates into simple one.
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13. Lyases
These are those enzymes which
catalyze the removal of groups from
substrate without addition of water.
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14. Isomerase
The enzymes catalyzes interconversions
of isomers by intermolecular
rearrangement of atoms or group
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15. Ligases
The enzyme catalyzes synthesis of raw
compound with clevage of ATP
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16. REFRENCE
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
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