Plagiarism 2

Using Sources in your Work:Using Sources in your Work:
A Tutorial on Avoiding PlagiarismA Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism
GRADE 11GRADE 11
NOTE:NOTE:
To move through this tutorial, use theTo move through this tutorial, use the
mouse to click on the arrow at themouse to click on the arrow at the
bottom right of your screen.bottom right of your screen.

Agenda for TutorialAgenda for Tutorial
 Read three sample situations. Determine ifRead three sample situations. Determine if
the student was ethical in his or her use ofthe student was ethical in his or her use of
a source.a source.
 Learn more about how to avoid plagiarism.Learn more about how to avoid plagiarism.
 Take a quiz to verify your understanding.Take a quiz to verify your understanding.
 Pledge that you will not plagiarize.Pledge that you will not plagiarize.

LetLet’s look at some’s look at some
hypothetical situations.hypothetical situations.
For each, identify if the studentFor each, identify if the student
used his or her sources acceptably.used his or her sources acceptably.

JackJack’s Situation’s Situation
Jack has an English paper due tomorrow.Jack has an English paper due tomorrow.
He read the book and paid attentionHe read the book and paid attention
during class, but he has no idea what toduring class, but he has no idea what to
write about.write about.
Jack logs onto the InternetJack logs onto the Internet “just to get some“just to get some
ideas about topics for his paper.”ideas about topics for his paper.”
He finds a great idea and begins writing hisHe finds a great idea and begins writing his
paper using the topic he found. He is verypaper using the topic he found. He is very
careful to avoid copying any text or wordscareful to avoid copying any text or words
from the Internet article he found.from the Internet article he found.
Is this plagiarism? Yes No

You must choose from the blueYou must choose from the blue
buttons at the bottom of the page.buttons at the bottom of the page.
Read the situation and then chooseRead the situation and then choose
one of the options presented.one of the options presented.
Click here to
return to previous slide

You said…You said…
Jack did plagiarize.Jack did plagiarize.
You are right.You are right. JackJack’s actions constitute’s actions constitute
plagiarism.plagiarism.
• Jack is committing plagiarism by takingJack is committing plagiarism by taking
the ideas of the source without citingthe ideas of the source without citing
them in the paper.them in the paper.
• Even though he put the ideas in his ownEven though he put the ideas in his own
words, Jack is stealing the intellectualwords, Jack is stealing the intellectual
property of the source.property of the source.

You are wrong.You are wrong. JackJack’s actions constitute’s actions constitute
• Jack is committing plagiarism by taking theJack is committing plagiarism by taking the
ideas of the source without citing them in theideas of the source without citing them in the
paper.paper.
• Even though he put the ideas in his ownEven though he put the ideas in his own
words, Jack is stealing the intellectual propertywords, Jack is stealing the intellectual property
of the source. You are wrong. Jackof the source. You are wrong. Jack’s actions’s actions
constitute plagiarism.constitute plagiarism.
• He could avoid plagiarism if he cites the sourceHe could avoid plagiarism if he cites the source
of the ideas in his paper.of the ideas in his paper.
Jack did not plagiarize.Jack did not plagiarize.

JillJill’s Situation’s Situation
During history class, Jill is asked toDuring history class, Jill is asked to
find some background on Fidelfind some background on Fidel
CastroCastro’s rise to power.’s rise to power.
Jill does a Google search and arrives atJill does a Google search and arrives at
WikipediaWikipedia’s article on Fidel Castro.’s article on Fidel Castro.
Without using quotation marks, JillWithout using quotation marks, Jill
cuts and pastes several sentencescuts and pastes several sentences
from Wikipedia into her assignment.from Wikipedia into her assignment.

Jill did plagiarize.Jill did plagiarize.
You are right.You are right. JillJill’s actions constitute’s actions constitute
• By taking the words from the WikipediaBy taking the words from the Wikipedia
article, Jill is committing plagiarism.article, Jill is committing plagiarism.
• She can avoid plagiarizing if she quotesShe can avoid plagiarizing if she quotes
the article in her assignment andthe article in her assignment and
includes an entry describing the sourceincludes an entry describing the source
in a bibliography at the end of herin a bibliography at the end of her
paper.paper.

You are wrong.You are wrong. JillJill’s actions constitute’s actions constitute
• By taking the words from the WikipediaBy taking the words from the Wikipedia
article, Jill is committing plagiarism.article, Jill is committing plagiarism.
• She can avoid plagiarizing if she quotesShe can avoid plagiarizing if she quotes
the article in her assignment andthe article in her assignment and
includes an entry describing the sourceincludes an entry describing the source
in a bibliography at the end of herin a bibliography at the end of her
paper.paper.
Jill did not plagiarize.Jill did not plagiarize.

GretelGretel’s Situation’s Situation
Gretel is a freshman who feelsGretel is a freshman who feels
overwhelmed by the high school.overwhelmed by the high school.
When her science teacher assigns aWhen her science teacher assigns a
short worksheet on genetics, Gretelshort worksheet on genetics, Gretel
is confused and frustrated.is confused and frustrated.
During lunch, GretelDuring lunch, Gretel “borrows” her“borrows” her
friend’s paper and copies thefriend’s paper and copies the
answers onto her own paper.answers onto her own paper.

Gretel did plagiarize.Gretel did plagiarize.
You are right.You are right. GretelGretel’s actions’s actions
• Even if GretelEven if Gretel’s friend gave permission’s friend gave permission
for Gretel to copy her work, it is stillfor Gretel to copy her work, it is still
• Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She triedGretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried
to take credit for the words and ideas ofto take credit for the words and ideas of
another person.another person.

You are wrong.You are wrong. GretelGretel’s actions’s actions
• Even if GretelEven if Gretel’s friend gave permission’s friend gave permission
for Gretel to copy her work, it is stillfor Gretel to copy her work, it is still
• Gretel tried to take credit for the wordsGretel tried to take credit for the words
and ideas of another person.and ideas of another person.
Gretel did not plagiarize.Gretel did not plagiarize.

Think youThink you’ve got it?’ve got it?
Read the following…Read the following…
(and remember, there will be a short quiz on this material!)(and remember, there will be a short quiz on this material!)

 Direct QuotationDirect Quotation
 ParaphraseParaphrase
• Includes summarizing and referencing theIncludes summarizing and referencing the
works of others within your paper or projectworks of others within your paper or project
There are two acceptable waysThere are two acceptable ways
to use sources:to use sources:

Direct QuotationDirect Quotation
• What it is:What it is:
 The exact words of an author used word for word inThe exact words of an author used word for word in
your paper or project.your paper or project.
• When to use it:When to use it:
 The exact phrasing of the source suits your needs.The exact phrasing of the source suits your needs.
 You want to use the sourceYou want to use the source’s exact words—even’s exact words—even
just a particular apt or unusual phrase.just a particular apt or unusual phrase.
• How to use it:How to use it:
 Copy the exact words of the source, putting thoseCopy the exact words of the source, putting those
words inside quotation marks.words inside quotation marks.
 Put a citation at the end of the quotation indicatingPut a citation at the end of the quotation indicating
the page number.the page number.
 At the end of your paper, include a bibliographicAt the end of your paper, include a bibliographic
entry on a page that lists your references.entry on a page that lists your references.

ParaphraseParaphrase
• What it is:What it is:
 Using your own words to restate the sourceUsing your own words to restate the source’s idea. This could be’s idea. This could be
a summary of the source’s point, a brief mention of the source’sa summary of the source’s point, a brief mention of the source’s
findings, or a longer restatement of the source’s idea.findings, or a longer restatement of the source’s idea.
• Use paraphrase when:Use paraphrase when:
 The exact phrasing of the source is too technical, too wordy, etc.The exact phrasing of the source is too technical, too wordy, etc.
 You want to present the sourceYou want to present the source’s idea in a more compact,’s idea in a more compact,
focused wayfocused way
• How to use it:How to use it:
 Before the paraphrase, introduce the source. This will showBefore the paraphrase, introduce the source. This will show
where the paraphrase begins.where the paraphrase begins.
 Use your own words to restate the meaning of the source. ThisUse your own words to restate the meaning of the source. This
means you change words, structure, and syntax. You do notmeans you change words, structure, and syntax. You do not
merely substitute synonyms for the sourcemerely substitute synonyms for the source’s original phrasing.’s original phrasing.
 Put a citation at the end of the quotation indicating the pagePut a citation at the end of the quotation indicating the page
number or source.number or source.
 Include a bibliographic entry on a reference page atInclude a bibliographic entry on a reference page at
the end of your paper or project.the end of your paper or project.

Testing your understanding…Testing your understanding…
Can you tell the difference between aCan you tell the difference between a
direct quotation and a paraphrase?direct quotation and a paraphrase?
Click on the correct answer for each ofClick on the correct answer for each of
the following samples.the following samples.

Direct Quotation vs. ParaphraseDirect Quotation vs. Paraphrase
Model #1Model #1
In his book on GoogleIn his book on Google’s business’s business
strategy, John Battelle states, “…strategy, John Battelle states, “…
Google had more than its finger on theGoogle had more than its finger on the
pulse of our culture, it was directlypulse of our culture, it was directly
jacked into the culture’s nervousjacked into the culture’s nervous
system” (2).system” (2).
This is an example of
DIRECT QUOTATION
PARAPHRASE

You must choose from the buttonsYou must choose from the buttons
at the bottom of the page.at the bottom of the page.
Click here to

Sorry, no. You are incorrect.Sorry, no. You are incorrect.
The student did not paraphrase--sheThe student did not paraphrase--she
used a direct quotation. The quotationused a direct quotation. The quotation
marks give it away:marks give it away:
In his book on GoogleIn his book on Google’s business strategy, John’s business strategy, John
Battelle states: “…Google had more than its fingerBattelle states: “…Google had more than its finger
on the pulse of our culture, it was directly jackedon the pulse of our culture, it was directly jacked
into the culture’s nervous system” (2).into the culture’s nervous system” (2).

 Easy, right? If you see quotationEasy, right? If you see quotation
marks, it is a direct quotation.marks, it is a direct quotation.
 Any time you use the exact words ofAny time you use the exact words of
a source, you must surround them ina source, you must surround them in
quotation marks and indicate thequotation marks and indicate the
source.source.

Model #2Model #2
BattelleBattelle’s argument is based on a’s argument is based on a
memo written by Google CEO Ericmemo written by Google CEO Eric
Schmidt. The memo reveals thatSchmidt. The memo reveals that
Google was focusing its attention onGoogle was focusing its attention on
corporate marketing budgets (153).corporate marketing budgets (153).
DIRECT QUOTATION
PARAPHRASE

You must choose from the greenYou must choose from the green
buttons at the bottom of the page.buttons at the bottom of the page.
Click here to

Good job! Sample #2 was aGood job! Sample #2 was a
paraphrase.paraphrase.
Anytime a student rewrites a sourceAnytime a student rewrites a source’s’s
idea into his or her own words, theidea into his or her own words, the
user must give the source credit. Thisuser must give the source credit. This
is paraphrasing.is paraphrasing.

No. Read it again:No. Read it again:
BattelleBattelle’s argument is based on a memo written by Google’s argument is based on a memo written by Google
CEO Eric Schmidt. The memo reveals that Google wasCEO Eric Schmidt. The memo reveals that Google was
focusing its attention on corporate marketing budgets (153).focusing its attention on corporate marketing budgets (153).
That example is a paraphrase.That example is a paraphrase.
You should know because the studentYou should know because the student
did not include quotation marks; shedid not include quotation marks; she
rephrased the original into her ownrephrased the original into her own
written style; and she cited the source.written style; and she cited the source.

Model #3Model #3
As he explains the importance of choosingAs he explains the importance of choosing
the best searchable keywords to allowthe best searchable keywords to allow
others to find a website, Battelle presents aothers to find a website, Battelle presents a
comparison to the Greek story ofcomparison to the Greek story of TheThe
OdysseyOdyssey,, “Is [being known to a wide“Is [being known to a wide
audience] not what every person longs for—audience] not what every person longs for—
what Odysseus chose over Kalypso’swhat Odysseus chose over Kalypso’s
nameless immortality—to die, but to benameless immortality—to die, but to be
known forever?” (284).known forever?” (284).
DIRECT QUOTATION
PARAPHRASE

 You are incorrect. The example wasYou are incorrect. The example was
a direct quotation. Look at it again:a direct quotation. Look at it again:
In explaining the importance of searchableIn explaining the importance of searchable
functions, Battelle reveals his insight into the heartfunctions, Battelle reveals his insight into the heart
of mankind,of mankind, “Is that not what every person longs“Is that not what every person longs
for—what Odysseus chose over Kalypso’s namelessfor—what Odysseus chose over Kalypso’s nameless
immortality—to die, but to be known forever?”immortality—to die, but to be known forever?”
(284).(284).
 The student included quotationThe student included quotation
marks, indicating that he used themarks, indicating that he used the
exact words of the original source.exact words of the original source.
Therefore, it is a direct quotation.Therefore, it is a direct quotation.

 Correct!Correct!
 The use of the exact words of theThe use of the exact words of the
source makes it a direct quotation.source makes it a direct quotation.
 The student shows readers that it isThe student shows readers that it is
a direct quotation by using quotationa direct quotation by using quotation
marks.marks.
 Additionally, he provides informationAdditionally, he provides information
to help the reader identify theto help the reader identify the
source.source.

So, you know the differenceSo, you know the difference
between a direct quotationbetween a direct quotation
and a paraphrase…and a paraphrase…
Now what?Now what?

Definition of PlagiarismDefinition of Plagiarism
 Plagiarism is:Plagiarism is:
• To steal the words or ideas of anotherTo steal the words or ideas of another
personperson
• To pass off the words or ideas ofTo pass off the words or ideas of
another person as oneanother person as one’s own’s own
 Further:Further:
• It does not matter whether the theft ofIt does not matter whether the theft of
words or ideas is intentional orwords or ideas is intentional or
accidental.accidental.
• Either way, it is plagiarism.Either way, it is plagiarism.

Why should you bother?Why should you bother?
Four good reasons for citing sources in
your work:
• Citing reliable information gives
credibility to your work.
• Cheating is unethical behavior.
• It is only fair to give credit to the source
—otherwise, you are stealing the
source’s ideas.
• The consequences are severe—
plagiarism is not worth the risk.

You probably have twoYou probably have two
questions:questions:
(1)(1) What do I need to cite?What do I need to cite?
(2)(2) How do I cite?How do I cite?
Read on for the answers…Read on for the answers…

What do I need to cite?What do I need to cite?
 This chart willThis chart will
help you decidehelp you decide
what must bewhat must be
cited.cited.
• It was created byIt was created by
Robert A. Harris inRobert A. Harris in
The PlagiarismThe Plagiarism
Handbook.Handbook.
Did you
think of
it?
No.
Yes.
Is it
common
knowledge?
No.
Yes.
Cite it. Do not cite it.

So—the rule is:So—the rule is:
If you created it,If you created it,
you do not needyou do not need
to cite the source.to cite the source.
If you did notIf you did not
create thecreate the
content, you mustcontent, you must
cite the source.cite the source.
Did you
think of
it?
No.
Yes.
Is it
common
knowledge?
No.
Yes.

The one exception toThe one exception to
that rule is forthat rule is for “common“common
knowledge.”knowledge.”
You do not need to citeYou do not need to cite
the source of anthe source of an
unoriginal piece ofunoriginal piece of
information IF:information IF:
(1) an educated person(1) an educated person
should know theshould know the
information,information,
OROR
(2) it is a provable fact(2) it is a provable fact
that could be found in athat could be found in a
general encyclopedia.general encyclopedia.
Did you
think of
it?
No.
Yes.
Is it
common
knowledge?
No.
Yes.

So, you donSo, you don’t need to cite a fact,’t need to cite a fact,
but you must cite the source of opinionsbut you must cite the source of opinions
and ideas that are not your own.and ideas that are not your own.
And, you must cite any time you use the exactAnd, you must cite any time you use the exact
words of the source—even if the words arewords of the source—even if the words are
presenting common knowledge.presenting common knowledge.

So, you donSo, you don’t need to cite a fact,’t need to cite a fact,
for example: Ayn Rand wrotefor example: Ayn Rand wrote AnthemAnthem..
OROR
Ayn Rand was born in 1905.Ayn Rand was born in 1905.
but you must cite the source of opinionsbut you must cite the source of opinions
and ideas that are not your own.and ideas that are not your own.
for example: Dorothy Gale believed thatfor example: Dorothy Gale believed that AnthemAnthem is an inspiring story (75).is an inspiring story (75).
OROR
According to Joe Smith, Equality 7-2521 represents the human spirit (15)According to Joe Smith, Equality 7-2521 represents the human spirit (15)..
And, you must cite any time you use the exactAnd, you must cite any time you use the exact
words of the source—even if the words arewords of the source—even if the words are
presenting common knowledge.presenting common knowledge.
You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.

Take oneTake one
more lookmore look
at thisat this
chart!chart!
If the idea andIf the idea and
the words arethe words are
yours, you doyours, you do
not need to cite.not need to cite.
Did you
think of
it?
No.
Yes.
Is it
common
knowledge?
No.
Yes.

So, letSo, let’s check to see that you’s check to see that you
understand when you need to citeunderstand when you need to cite
the source and when you don’t…the source and when you don’t…
Answer the following questions andAnswer the following questions and
choose the correct answer.choose the correct answer.

Test Case #1
Jack isnJack isn’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the
information below. He found the fact online.information below. He found the fact online.
““Abraham Lincoln was our 16Abraham Lincoln was our 16thth
president.”president.”
What do you think? What should Jack do? Pick one ofWhat do you think? What should Jack do? Pick one of
the answers below.the answers below.
Cite the source.
This means he will:
(1) Either:
a) Surround with quotation marks, or
b) Put the quotation into his own words,
changing the syntax, structure,
& organization
(2) Include a lead-in giving the source’s name,
(3) Give the page number, and
(4) List the source in a bibliography
Do not cite the
source.
This means that the information is a
commonly reported fact. It is generally
known and available from many sources.
(1) Jack should verify the information in at
least two sources, then
(2) Jack will write the well-known
information in his own words.

You are incorrect.You are incorrect.
In this case,In this case,
citation is not necessary.citation is not necessary.
 Jack does not need to cite the sourceJack does not need to cite the source
of quote the information because it isof quote the information because it is
general knowledge.general knowledge.
 Because Abraham LincolnBecause Abraham Lincoln’s status as’s status as
the 16the 16thth
President of the US is a factPresident of the US is a fact
that is verifiable in many places, Jackthat is verifiable in many places, Jack
can use the information withoutcan use the information without
citation.citation.

You are correct!You are correct!
Jack does not need to cite thisJack does not need to cite this
information.information.
 Jack does not need to cite the sourceJack does not need to cite the source
of quote the information because it isof quote the information because it is
general knowledge.general knowledge.
 Because Abraham LincolnBecause Abraham Lincoln’s status as’s status as
the 16the 16thth
President of the US is a factPresident of the US is a fact
that is verifiable in many places, Jackthat is verifiable in many places, Jack
can use the information withoutcan use the information without
citation.citation.

Test Case #2
In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one sourceIn her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source
explaining that Affirmative Actionexplaining that Affirmative Action “evens the field of play by“evens the field of play by
wreaking equity on all players.”wreaking equity on all players.”
In her paper, Jill uses the phraseIn her paper, Jill uses the phrase “wreaking equity” but she puts“wreaking equity” but she puts
all the other parts of the source into her own words.all the other parts of the source into her own words.
What should Jill do? Pick one of the answers below.What should Jill do? Pick one of the answers below.
Cite the source.
This means she will:
(1) Either:
b) Put the quotation into her own words,
& organization
Not cite the source.
This means that the information is generally
known and available from multiple sources.
(1) Jill should verify the information in at
(2) Jill will write the well-known
(3) Jill should make a bibliographic citation
for use on her Works Consulted page.

You are correct!You are correct!
Jill must cite this information.Jill must cite this information.
 Jill needs to cite the source of theJill needs to cite the source of the
paraphrase because the idea belongsparaphrase because the idea belongs
to the source.to the source.
 Further, because Jill uses the uniqueFurther, because Jill uses the unique
phrasephrase “wreaking equity,” she must“wreaking equity,” she must
include that phrase in quotationinclude that phrase in quotation
marks, indicating that it is a directmarks, indicating that it is a direct
quotation from the source.quotation from the source.

You are incorrect.You are incorrect.
In this case, citation is necessary.In this case, citation is necessary.
 Jill needs to cite the source of theJill needs to cite the source of the
paraphrase because the idea belongsparaphrase because the idea belongs
to the source.to the source.
 Further, because Jill uses the uniqueFurther, because Jill uses the unique
phrasephrase “wreaking equity,” she must“wreaking equity,” she must
include that phrase in quotationinclude that phrase in quotation
marks, indicating that it is a directmarks, indicating that it is a direct
quotation from the source.quotation from the source.

Test Case #3
Gretel found a very helpful article in an onlineGretel found a very helpful article in an online
database. She very carefully made sure that shedatabase. She very carefully made sure that she
rewrote the content of the article using her ownrewrote the content of the article using her own
personal style; she changed the authorpersonal style; she changed the author’s syntax and’s syntax and
organization so that it fit seamlessly into her paper.organization so that it fit seamlessly into her paper.
What should Gretel do?What should Gretel do?
Cite the source.
This means she will:
(1) Either:
b) Put the quotation into his own words,
& organization
Not cite the source.
This means that the information is generally
known and available from multiple sources.
(1) Gretel should verify the information in at
(2) Gretel will write the well-known
(3) Gretel must include a bibliographic citation
on her Works Consulted page.

You are correct.You are correct.
In this case, citation is required.In this case, citation is required.
 Gretel paraphrases the sourceGretel paraphrases the source’s idea’s idea
and content. She must give credit toand content. She must give credit to
the source.the source.
 She must provide her audience withShe must provide her audience with
the source of the idea that shethe source of the idea that she
borrowed.borrowed.

You are incorrect!You are incorrect!
Gretel must cite the source of thisGretel must cite the source of this
information, even though she put itinformation, even though she put it
in her own words.in her own words.
 Gretel paraphrases the ideas of theGretel paraphrases the ideas of the
source, so she must cite the identitysource, so she must cite the identity
of the source.of the source.
 Gretel must provide her audienceGretel must provide her audience
with the source of the material thatwith the source of the material that
she borrowed.she borrowed.

So, you can identify whatSo, you can identify what
must have a citation…must have a citation…
Now you need to knowNow you need to know
how to use and cite ahow to use and cite a
source!source!

How to Cite a SourceHow to Cite a Source
 ItIt’s easy. Just provide your audience with’s easy. Just provide your audience with
the source of any ideas or words that arethe source of any ideas or words that are
not your own.not your own.
• First, carefully mark the beginning and end ofFirst, carefully mark the beginning and end of
the sourcethe source’s words or ideas.’s words or ideas.
• Then, provide a bibliography to show where theThen, provide a bibliography to show where the
borrowed material originated.borrowed material originated.
 In fact, listing your sources shows yourIn fact, listing your sources shows your
audience that you are an informed, wellaudience that you are an informed, well
researched writer!researched writer!

How to Cite Direct QuotationsHow to Cite Direct Quotations
 Provide a bibliographic entry to show where theProvide a bibliographic entry to show where the
borrowed material originated.borrowed material originated.
 Park, Beth L.Park, Beth L. Understanding Ayn RandUnderstanding Ayn Rand’s’s AnthemAnthem.. LeboLebo
University Press: Pittsburgh, 2008.University Press: Pittsburgh, 2008.
 Carefully mark the beginning and end of theCarefully mark the beginning and end of the
sourcesource’s words or idea.’s words or idea.
• Use aUse a signal phrasesignal phrase to introduce the source.to introduce the source.
• UseUse quotation marksquotation marks to surround the words of the source.to surround the words of the source.
• ProvideProvide the page numberthe page number (or another citation) after the(or another citation) after the
closing quotation marks.closing quotation marks.
EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:
According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Equality 7-2521
finds peace through “his search for the height of his own
potential” (24).

How to Cite ParaphrasesHow to Cite Paraphrases
 Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the borrowedProvide a bibliographic entry to show where the borrowed
material originated.material originated.
 Park, Beth L.Park, Beth L. Understanding Ayn RandUnderstanding Ayn Rand’s’s AnthemAnthem.. Lebo UniversityLebo University
Press: Pittsburgh, 2008.Press: Pittsburgh, 2008.
 Carefully mark the beginning and end of the sourceCarefully mark the beginning and end of the source’s words or’s words or
idea.idea.
• Use aUse a signal phrasesignal phrase to introduce the sourceto introduce the source
• Put the sourcePut the source’s original words into your own words:’s original words into your own words:
 It isnIt isn’t just about using synonyms to replace words.’t just about using synonyms to replace words.
 You must change the syntax, sentence structure, and organization ofYou must change the syntax, sentence structure, and organization of
the original.the original.
 If you find yourself just changing a word here or there, ask yourself ifIf you find yourself just changing a word here or there, ask yourself if
a direct quotation would work. If it would work, then use a directa direct quotation would work. If it would work, then use a direct
quotation.quotation.
• ProvideProvide the page numberthe page number (or another citation) after the closing(or another citation) after the closing
quotation marks.quotation marks.
EXAMPLE:
According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Equality 7-2521
separates himself from the society by striving to improve
the world around him (24).

It can be said in a bunch ofIt can be said in a bunch of
different ways…different ways…
Mark the
boundaries

Mark the
boundaries
Bracket the
borrowed

Mark the
boundaries
Fence the
borders
Bracket the
borrowed

Mark the
boundaries
Enclose the
borrowed
Fence the
borders
Bracket the
borrowed

Mark the
boundaries
Frame theusage
Enclose the
borrowed
Fence the
borders
Bracket the
borrowed

Mark the
boundaries
Frame theusage
Enclose the
borrowed
Fence the
borders
Surroundthe usage
Bracket the
borrowed

But, they all mean the same thing…
Provide a clear indication
of any words or ideas
that are not your own.
Mark the
boundaries
Frame theusage
Enclose the
borrowed
Fence the
borders
Circumscribethe usage
Bracket the
borrowed

Final Directions:Final Directions:
 Your teacher has a short written quiz forYour teacher has a short written quiz for
you to take on the subject of plagiarism.you to take on the subject of plagiarism.
 At the end of the quiz is an honor codeAt the end of the quiz is an honor code
statement. You will sign it in order tostatement. You will sign it in order to
verify that you have received this training.verify that you have received this training.
 You will then have your parent sign theYou will then have your parent sign the
honor code.honor code.
 Your English teacher will collect theseYour English teacher will collect these
signed forms.signed forms.

Sources CitedSources Cited
Harris, Robert A.Harris, Robert A. The PlagiarismThe Plagiarism
Handbook: Strategies for Preventing,Handbook: Strategies for Preventing,
Detecting, and Dealing withDetecting, and Dealing with
PlagiarismPlagiarism. Pyrczak Publishing: Los. Pyrczak Publishing: Los
Angeles, 2001.Angeles, 2001.

Works ConsultedWorks Consulted
DeSena, Laura Hennessey.DeSena, Laura Hennessey. Preventing Plagiarism:Preventing Plagiarism:
Tips and TechniquesTips and Techniques.. National Council ofNational Council of
Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.Teachers of English: Urbana, IL, 2007.
Valenza, Joyce Kasman.Valenza, Joyce Kasman. “What is Plagiarism? (And“What is Plagiarism? (And
Why You Should Care).”Why You Should Care).” Springfield High SchoolSpringfield High School
Media Center Information Literacy LessonsMedia Center Information Literacy Lessons..
Springfield School District.Springfield School District.

End of presentation.End of presentation.
 If you have questions or suggestions,If you have questions or suggestions,
please see your teacher or e-mailplease see your teacher or e-mail
Ms. Kramer (mkramer@mtlsd.net)Ms. Kramer (mkramer@mtlsd.net)
or Mrs. Miller (shmiller@mtlsd.net),or Mrs. Miller (shmiller@mtlsd.net),
the creators of this presentation.the creators of this presentation.

Plagiarism 2

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