2. Introduction : HYDROGEN
► The first and very reactive element
► Exothermic reaction with o2
► Highest energy density by mass
► Byproduct is water
► Can be made form water
3. Why HYDROGEN is
considered as future fuel?
► Although abundant on earth as an element,
Hydrogen is almost always found as a part of
Another compound such as water and methane.
► It must be separated in pure form (H2) for being
used as fuel.
► Pure hydrogen ( H2) reacts with pure oxygen
To form water (H20) and releases energy.
► The energy released enables hydrogen to
Act as a fuel.
► Hydrogen can be considered as clean fuel
4. Production of Hydrogen
► Hydrogen can be produced from diverse,
domestic resources , including fossil fuels,
biomass and water electrolysis with
electricity.
► Conventional hydrogen production using
natural gas includes significant
environmental Impacts ;as with the use
of any hydrocarbon , carbon dioxide is
emitted.
► Several Projects are underway to decrease
costs associated with hydrogen production.
5. Usage of hydrogen as a fuel
► Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to generate power
Using a chemical reaction rather than combustion
Producing only water and heat as byproducts.
► It can be used in cars, houses for portable power,
and in many more applications .
► The problems of using hydrogen fuels in cars arrise
from the fact that hydrogen is difficult to store in either
a high pressure tank or a cryogenic tank .
► In general batteries are more suitable for vehicles the
Size of cars or smaller but hydrogen may be better for
larger vehicles such as heavy lorries.
6. Power storage
► Does allow for long term scalable power storage
► Very inefficient 30%+ loss
► Pumped hydro for large scale
7. Drawbacks
► Although hydrogen has a high content per unit mass,
At room temperature and atmospheric pressure it has a
very low energy content per unit volume, compared to
Liquid fuels or even to neutral gas.
► For this reason it is usually either compressed or liquifued
by lowering its temperature to less than 33K
high pressure tank weigh much more than the hydrogen they can hold.
► For example in 2014 Toyota miria a full tank contains only
5.7% hydrogen the rest of the weight being the tank.
► Explosions at hydrogen filling stations have been reported.
