this is my project of heavy water, dihydrogen as fuel and hydrogen economy which is very useful for class 11 and 12 students. hope u find this helpful

1. HYDROGEN
CHEMISTRY – CHAPTER 9

2. HEAVY WATER – D2O
Heavy water is a form of water that contains
only deuterium rather than the
common hydrogen-1 isotope.
The presence of the heavier hydrogen
isotope gives the water different nuclear, physical
and chemical properties when compared to
normal water.
It is extensively used as a moderator in nuclear
reactors and in exchange reactions for the study
of reaction mechanisms.
It can be prepared by exhaustive electrolysis of
water or as a by-product in some fertilizer
industries.

3. DIHYDROGEN AS A FUEL H2

4. Dihydrogen is proposed as an
excellent alternative for petrol as
Dihydrogen satisfies all the
requirements for a good fuel and
also better than petrol in Various
areas.
Dihydrogen releases large
quantities of heat on combustion.
The data on energy released by
combustion of fuels like Dihydrogen,
methane, LPG etc. are compared
and shown here.

5. ADVANTAGES:-
This fuel has water as its product
instead of harmful carbon dioxide,
sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons and
other oxides of nitrogen.
When hydrogen is burned it does not
produce carbon dioxide.
Hydrogen deletes little tailpipe
pollution and is considered less of a
pollutant.
It has the ability to run a fuel-cell
engine when compared to an internal
combustion engine.
DISADVANTAGES:-
Pure hydrogen gas is not readily
available.
Hydrogen gas is highly flammable and
explosive to handle.
Storage and transport of hydrogen
gas is very expensive.
The cost of production of hydrogen is
very high at this point of time.
Although some cars using hydrogen
fuel are already in the markets,
commercial use of hydrogen as one of
the most eco-friendly energy
alternatives has still a long way to go.

6. HYDROGEN ECONOMY
The Limitations in Dihyrogen as a Fuel have prompted researchers to search for
alternative techniques to use dihydrogen in an efficient way.
In this view Hydrogen Economy is an alternative. The basic principle of hydrogen
economy is the transportation and storage of energy in the form of liquid or
gaseous dihydrogen.
Advantage of hydrogen economy is that energy is transmitted in the form of
dihydrogen and not as electric power. Nowadays, it is also used in fuel cells for
generation of electric power.
It is expected that economically viable and safe sources of dihydrogen will be
identified in the years to come, for its usage as a common source of energy.

7. It is for the first time in the history
of India that a pilot project using
dihydrogen as fuel was launched
in October 2005 for running
automobiles.
Initially 5% dihydrogen has been
mixed in CNG for use in four-
wheeler vehicles. The percentage
of dihydrogen would be gradually
increased to reach the optimum
level.

8. “The hydrogen powered
car, with its high fuel
mileage and zero emission
rate, is just one example
of the products under
development that will help
increase our energy
independence.”
- Dan Lipinski
DONE BY:-
 R.J SHRIHARI
 N.RAKSHAN