This document discusses Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the world's largest dedicated independent semiconductor foundry. It notes that TSMC has faced challenges of high costs to build and maintain fabrication plants with excess capacity. However, it has been able to gain customers like Apple by offering reliable fabrication at scales from 130nm to 5nm, with high yield rates. Key to TSMC's success has been its R&D investments, reliable manufacturing processes enabled by economies of scale, and financial support from Apple. The company's founder, Morris Chang, emphasizes the importance of maintaining technology leadership, manufacturing excellence, and customer trust.