3. 1) Equatorial region
2) Hot desert
3) Continental deserts
4) Tropical grasslands
5) Temperate
grasslands
6) Tropical monsoon
7) Mediterranean
climate
8) China type
9) British type
10) Laurentian type
11) Taiga
12) Tundra
Climatic regions of the world
24. •Shifting wind belt
•In summer –
apparent
movement of the
sun towards north –
region comes under
influence of off-
shore North trade
winds => no rain
•Distinct dry season
Mediterranean climate
25. •In winters – apparent
movement of the sun
towards south – region
comes under influence
of westerlies =>
rainfall
•Winter rainfall
Mediterranean climate
27. •Winter – cyclonic rain
in Atlantic -> these
cyclones are carried by
STWJ to Northern India
in winter – western
disturbances in
northern India during
winter
Mediterranean climate
STWJ
STWJ
28. •Shrubs and bushes
with scattered
stunted trees
•The natural grass is
so wiry and bunchy –
not suitable for
cattle rearing =>
Mediterranean
region net importer
of dairy products
Mediterranean climate
29. •Trees without
shed, stunted
massive trunks,
wide spread roots
– because winter
rain – growth
limited to autumn
and spring when
moisture content
is sufficient
Mediterranean vegetation
30. Different names of medi. vegetation
country Name of
vegetation
Southern
France
Maquis
Italy Macchia
California Chaparral
Australia Mallee scrub
31. •Not suitable for
agriculture – but
cultivation using
irrigation network
•Wheat and barley
grown
•Chief cooking oil –
olives
Agriculture in Mediterranean
32. •Citrus fruit plantation
– World’s orchard lands
– fruit trees – long
deep root, to survive
during dry summer
•oranges, grapes,
lemon
•California – Sunkist
oranges
•Negev desert of Israel
– Jaffa oranges
•Spain – Seville oranges
Mediterranean agriculture
33. Country Name of wine
Southern Spain sherry
Portugal Port wine
Italy Chianti and
Marsala
France Champagne,
Bordeaux,
Burgundy
viticulture
34. •Viticulture:
•Ebro basin in Spain
• Po valley in Italy
•Rhone basin in France
•Sicily Island of Italy
•Algeria in Africa:
exports wine
Mediterranean in Europe
35. •California state of USA
•San Francisco, Los
Angeles, San Diego
•Fruit plantation –
oranges, grapes, Olives
•California – high
productivity
Mediterranean in USA
40. China type Gulf type Natal type
Central and north
china
S E USA Natal, South Africa
Southern Japan (gulf of Mexico) Eastern Australia
Southern Brazil
Warm temperate eastern margin
41. •Similar to tropical
monsoon
•But Rainfall
throughout the year
•summer –intense
heating of central Asia
•south east monsoon
China Type
42. •In winter -> north-west
monsoon
•Siberian plateau – HP
anticyclone, cold air
flow outwards as North
West monsoon- snow
fall and rain on
windward side of the
mountains
China type
Yellow
sea
43. •Rainfall is also due
to local storms –
typhoons (China) in
late summers
•More rainfall than
Mediterranean
climate though
being on the same
latitude
China Type
44. • Less annual
temperature range
– warm due to gulf
stream (ocean
current) and on-
shore trade winds
• Imp cities: New
Orleans, Atlanta
Gulf Type
45. •No distinct dry season
•Rainfall maximum in
summer-mT unstable
air mass -
thunderstorms
Gulf type
47. •Narrow land,
dominance of
maritime climate
•South east trade winds
bring even distribution
of rainfall throughout
the year
•Imp City: Durban
Natal Type
48. •High rainfall,
warm temp,
long growing
season
•Evergreen
vegetation –
broadleaved
forest – grass,
ferns, bamboos,
palms
vegetation
50. •Best suited for
cotton cultivation
•Long growing
season, frost free
days, bright
sunlight, high
rainfall
•Tobacco cultivation
•Famous Virginia
tobacco
Agriculture in gulf type
51. Country Economic activity
China Rice, tea, cotton, maize,
mulberry
Natal Sugarcane
South America Coffee and maize
USA Maize region – cotton – tobacco
(Virginia tobacco)
Economic activities in China type
52. •British type
•Britain, Northern
France, Northern
Germany, Norway
•Western Canada –
Vancouver Island
•Tasmania, New
Zealand
•Southern Chile
•Not in Africa
cool temperate western margin
9th
53. •Best climate for
human habitation
•Warm current
moderate climate –
North Atlantic drift,
Alaskan current
•Moderate climate –
warm summer, cool
winters
•Low annual
temperature range
British type
55. •Tall trees with
good canopy cover
• soft wood
•trees in pure stand
•Oak, elm, birch
British type
56. •Lumbering in
Canada – Vancouver
city
•Systematic
lumbering
•Winter cutting –
wood logs float in
the rivers to
industries
•Wood furniture and
paper making
British type
58. • Laurentian Type
• Transition between
British and Siberian
climate
• Laurentian plateau,
Labrador plateau –
Quebec state
• New England region
of USA
• China Manchurian
part, South east part
of Russia, Northern
Japan
Cool temperate Eastern margin
10th
59. •Not in southern
hemisphere-
because hardly any
land beyond 40
degree latitude
•South America –
Andes block the
westerlies – oceanic
influence
Laurentian type
60. •Rainfall throughout
the year
•Summer - Westerlies
bring rain due to
moisture content of
Great lakes
•Winter - Gulf stream
increases moisture
content of polar
easterly wind from
Atlantic
Laurentian climate, N. America
61. •In china – summer max
•summer – intense
heating of land –
rainfall - wind from
pacific
•Winter – anti-cyclonic
condition in the heart
of Asia – cold wind
blows out – snow fall
in mountainous area
Laurentian type, China
62. •Rainfall from south
east monsoon in
summer
•north west monsoon
in winter – dry wind
from Siberia –
become moist from
east china sea
•Maritime influence
Climate of Japan
Sea of
Japan
63. • Coniferous forest –
lumbering – Oak,
birch, beech,
maple
• Agriculture:
Potatoes, oats,
barley, soya beans
• Nova scotia
(Canada)– apple
farming
Laurentian type
64. •Temperate regions –
fish in large shoals
•Cod, mackerel,
tuna, salmon
•Economically
profitable
•Mechanised
sophisticated fishing
•St.John’s port in
Newfoundland –
grand banks
Laurentian type
65. •Not in southern
hemisphere
•Siberia in Russia,
Northern Canada,
Scandinavia
• Very cold winter,
warm summer
•Blizzard in Canada,
Buran in Siberia
•Very high annual
temperature range
Taiga
11th
70. Prelims
2002
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. In equatorial regions, the year is
divided into four main seasons
2. In Mediterranean region, summer
month receives more rain
3. In china type climate, rainfall
occurs throughout the year
4. Tropical high lands exhibit vertical
zonation of different climate
UPSC
Question
71. Prelims
2002
Which of these statements are
correct?
a) 1,2,3 and 4
b) 1,2 and 3
c) 1,2 and 4
d) 3 and 4
Ans. D)
UPSC
Question
72. •With increasing height
– decrease in moisture
•Soil layer becomes
thinner
•Changes in vegetation
pattern
Vertical zonation in highlands
73. Prelims
2002
Q. Consider the ecosystems:
1. Taiga
2. Tropical evergreen
3. Tropical deciduous
4. Tundra
The correct sequence in decreasing
order of albedo values of these
ecosystem is:
UPSC
Question
