EDUCATION

1. UNIVESIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y DE LA EDUCACIÓN
CARRERA DE IDIOMAS
LESSON PLANNING AND OBSERVATION
NATIONAL CURRICULUM GUIDELINE
VOCABULARY
NAME: TANGUIL CHILES JUAN MIGUEL

2. LINGUA FRANCA
/ˈLɪŋgwə/ /ˈfræŋkə/
• A language that is used for communication or share ideas
and point of view among different groups of origin, each
speaking a different language.
EXAMPLE:
 We use a lingua franca when we want to interact with a
foreign person.

3. FUNCTIONS
/ˈfʌŋkʃənz /
• It refers to the purposes in which we use language to
communicate. We use language for a variety of formal and
informal purposes.
EXAMPLE:
 It appears when we have to compare and contrast something.

4. INDEPENDENT USERS OF ENGLISH
/ɪndɪˈpɛndənt/ /ˈjuzərz/ /əv/ /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
• People who already master English language and use it in almost
nature way.
EXAMPLE:
 When teacher makes a debate in the classroom and all the
students must manage it in a fluent way.

5. COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY
• A process on which people can express their feelings or thoughts
in a abstract way.
EXAMPLE:
 In a lecture.

6. REAL TIME
• The time which is used for the teacher and students to interact
and use the target language in the classroom.
EXAMPLE:
 The hours that students receive English lesson in a high school.

7. LIGHTBOWN & SPADA
• Is a method that define what are the students’ skills needed at a
specific level.
EXAMPLE:
 It is taken through diagnostic quizzes.

8. COMPONENTS
• Is intended to be included as a part of a finished, packaged, and
labeled item and are activated through the development of the
four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing)
EXAMPLE:
 linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic

9. COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE COMPETENCE
/kəmˈjunəkətɪv/ /ˈlæŋgwəʤ/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
• It is feasible, appropriate, or done in a particular speech
community.
EXAMPLE:
 A group of people in a city

10. LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
/lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
• It Includes lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills
and other dimensions of language as a system.
EXAMPLE:
Vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.

11. SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
/səʊsiəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
• It refers to the sociocultural conditions of language use
and the ability to interpret the social meaning of the
choice of linguistic varieties.
EXAMPLE
 Rules of politeness, norms governing relations between
generations, sexes, classes, and social groups.

12. PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE
/prægˈmætɪk//ˈkɑmpətɪns/
• Concerned with the correct use of linguistic resources in
a contextually appropriate fashion.
EXAPLE:
I am so sorry.

13. EXPONENTS
/ɪkˈspoʊnənts/
• Language items needed for functions or speech acts such
as identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc.
EXAMPLE:
 Would you like a piece of cake?

14. NEUTRAL REGISTER
/ˈnutrəl//ˈrɛʤɪstər/
• It refers to language that is neither too formal nor too
informal and is more generally applicable in a variety of
situations.
EXAMPLE:
Can you help me with this, please?

15. INFORMATIONAL TEXTS
/ɪnfərˈmeɪʃənəl/ /tɛksts/
• It means to convey information about something rather than to
tell or advance a narrative. They are characterized by the following
features: their primary purpose is to convey factual information
about the natural and social world, they typically address whole
classes of things in a timeless way and they come in many
different formats.
EXAMPLE:
 Newspaper.

16. TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS
/trænˈzækʃənəl/ /tɛksts/
• Texts that are using for communication of ideas and information
among people.
EXAMPLE:
 When a person shares some ideas with his or her friend through
messages or something like that.

17. EXPOSITORY TEXTS
/ɪkˈspɑː.zə.tɔːr.i/ /tɛksts/
• Are the ones which that have a specific function that is
inform, describe or explain something.
EXAMPLE:
 The biography of a famous person like Thomas Edison.

18. PERSONAL DOMAIN
/ˈpɜrsənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
• It comprises family relations and individual social
practices.
EXAMPLE:
 the creation of a personal website. So you have no more
excuses not to have one.

19. EDUCATIONAL DOMAIN
/ˌɛʤjuˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
• is concerned with the learning context where the aim is to acquire
specific knowledge or skills.
EXAMPLE:
 Students should know a long list of verbs (regular and irregular)
with the respective conjugations.

20. PUBLIC DOMAIN
/ˈpʌblɪk/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
• It refers to everything connected with ordinary social
interaction.
EXAPLE:
 Cultural and leisure activities of public nature

21. PERSONAL BACKGROUND
/ˈpɜrsənəl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
• It Includes personal identification; house, home, and
environment; daily life; free time and entertainment; and
relations with other people (Trim, 2009).
EXAMPLE:
 A simple conversation among two old friends.

22. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
/ˌɛʤjuˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
• It refers issues related to school and instruction.
EXAMPLE:
 Classroom equipment

23. SOCIAL BACKGROUND
/ˈsoʊʃəl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
• It Includes public entertainment, travel, health and body
care, shopping, food and drink, and services
EXAMPLES:
 When a person goes to the restaurant and order
something to eat.

24. BACKTRACKING
/ˈbækˌtrækɪŋ/
• Returning to a previous point or subject, as in a
discussion or lecture.
EXAMPLE:
 Is a discussion of a important problem.

25. REPAIR
/rɪˈpɛr/
• A term for ways in which errors, unintended forms, or
misunderstandings are corrected by speakers or others during
conversation.
EXAMPLE:
 When we pronounce in wrong way any word our teacher or
friends correct our mistake.

26. DISPLAY QUESTION
/dɪˈspleɪ/ /ˈkwɛʃən/
• Is a question which is not a real question but which serves to elicit
language practice.
EXAMPLE:
 Is this a car? Yes, it’s a car.

27. REFERENTIAL QUESTIONS
/ref.əˈren.ʃəl/ /ˈkwɛsʧənz/
• Is a question which asks for information which is not known to
the teacher.
EXAMPLE:
 What is your nikename?

28. PROCEDURAL TEXTS
/prəˈsiːdʒʊrəl/ /tɛksts/
• A genre of writing that explains the instructions or
directions to complete a task with text types that include
recipes and ‘how to’ instructions.
EXAMPLE:
 A composition that describes the basic steps for
completing a task in a specific field.

29. NARRATIVE TEXTS
/ˈnærətɪv/ /tɛksts/
• Is a genre of writing that entertains or tells a story with text types
that include personal narratives.
EXAMPLE:
 Stories that our grandparents told us when we were children.

30. VOCATIONAL DOMAIN
/voʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
• Also called “occupational domain”, it embraces everything
concerned with people’s activities and relations in the exercise of
their occupations.
EXAMPLE:
 The different kind of professions that each person has.

31. REALISTIC FICTION
/riəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˈfɪkʃən/
• Stories based on characters, settings, problems, events, and
solutions that could happen in real life.
EXAMPLE:
 Some movies that could happen in the real life.

32. PERSUASIVE TEXTS
/pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /tɛksts/
• Is a genre of writing that attempts to convince readers to embrace
a particular point of view.
EXAMPLE:
 Brand of chips is the crispiest, crunchiest and most delicious
brand of chips you will ever taste. Buy a bag today.

33. CIRCUMLOCUTIONS
/sɜːkəmləˈkjuː.ʃən/
• Is an indirect way of expressing something.
EXAMPLE:
 As a politician, the senator had no problem using
circumlocution to make his responses sound honest.

34. SALIENT POLITENESS CONVENTIONS
/ˈseɪliənt/ /pəˈlaɪtnəs/ /kənˈvɛnʃənz/
• Particularly those affecting everyday life, living conditions,
interpersonal relations, and major values and attitudes.
EXAMPLE:
 Please refer to the corresponding Curriculum
Specifications document.

35. PERSUASIVE ESSAYS
/pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /ˈɛˌseɪz/
• It tries to convince others to agree with our facts, share our values,
accept our argument or conclusions and adopt our way of
thinking.
EXAMPLE:
 When we write an essay to convince a specific group of people.

36. DEAD ENDS
/dɛd/ /ɛndz/
• Is a situation in which no progress can be made or no
advancement is possible.
EXAMPLE:
 Reached an impasse on the negotiations