English Grammar for Bachillerato

1. English for Bachillerato
JJSE 2013
THE PASTS

2. To Be
NEVER use an
auxiliary
To have
('possession' or
'obligation')
May use it
All the other verbs
(including 'have')
Must use it

3. TO BE
Affirmative
I was at home.
We were hungry.
Interrogative
Were you happy?
Was she a nurse?
Negative
We weren't tired.
It wasn't cold.
Short answers
Yes, she was.
No, they weren't

4. TO HAVE ('possession' or 'obligation')
Affirmative
I had a new pet.
She had to buy a new watch.
Interrogative
Had you enough money?
Did you have a big house?

Had we to write that?
Did we have to write that?
Negative
We hadn't a computer.
They didn't have any friends.

You hadn't to study this.
She didn't have to stay.
Short answers
Yes, we did / Yes, we had.
No, we didn't / No, we hadn't

5. ALL OTHER VERBS (including 'have')
Affirmative
I played the piano last week.
She had lunch at 1.
Interrogative
Did you live with your parents?
Did Mary have tea or coffee?
Negative
Jane didn't learn Russian.
They didn't have raw fish.
Short answers
Yes, we did.
No, we didn't.

6. Work → worked
Live → lived
Plan → planned
Admit → admitted
Travel → travelled
Carry → carried / Obey → obeyed

7. Group 1:
Cut – cut - cut
Group 2:
Come – came - come
Group 3:
Bring – brought - brought
Group 4:
Eat – ate - eaten

8. 1. To express ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE PAST. We must indicate when.
I met him yesterday. Pasteur died in 1895.
2. To ask about the TIME.
When did Jane arrive?
3. When we ask or mention something specific about a past event.
The train was ten minutes late. How did you get your present job?
I bought this car in Montreal.
4. To express past habits.
He always carried an umbrella. They never drank gin.

9. PAST CONTINUOUS
Remember the "equation"
•Continuous = [Be + <Gerund>]
Spelling:
•argue, arguing; hate, hating
•hit, hitting; run, running
•admit, admitting; begin, beginning
•signal, signalling; travel, travelling

10. For an action in progress in the past:
•He was having breakfast at seven.
To express an action in progress
interrupted by a single action:
•When I arrived(,) he was having breakfast.
To express two actions in progress which
become simultaneous:
•I was reading the newspaper when / while you were
watching TV.

11. Exercise 36. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the
past continuous tense.
1 I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tom (come) in at 7.00.
2 When I (arrive) the lecture had already started and the professor
(write) on the overhead projector.
3 I (make) a cake when the light (go out). I (have) to finish it in the dark.
4 I (not want) to meet Paul so when he entered the room I (leave).
5 Unfortunately when I (arrive) Ann (leave), so we only had time for a
few words.
6 He (watch) TV when the phone rang. He (turn) down the sound and
(go) to answer it.
7 He was very polite. Whenever his wife (enter) the room he (stand) up.
8 The admiral (play) bowls when he (receive) news of the invasion.
He (insist) on finishing the game.
9 My dog (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's Pekinese (attack) him.
10 When I arrived she (have) lunch. She (apologize) for starting without
me but said that she always (have) lunch at 12.30.

12. Exercise 36. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the
past continuous tense.
1 I lit the fire at 6.00 and it was burning brightly when Tom came in at 7.00.
2 When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor
was writing on the overhead projector.
3 I was making a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark.
4 I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I left.
5 Unfortunately when I arrived Ann was leaving, so we only had time for a
few words.
6 He was watching TV when the phone rang. He turned down the sound and
went to answer it.
7 He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he stood up.
8 The admiral was playing bowls when he received news of the invasion.
He insisted on finishing the game.
9 My dog was walking along quietly when Mr Pitt's Pekinese attacked him.
10 When I arrived she was having lunch. She apologized for starting without
me but said that she always had lunch at 12.30.