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1926 fall 2017
- 1. Fall Protection – The Problem • Falls are a serious safety concern in the jobsite. • Falls are the leading cause of worker deaths in construction. Scaffold in Dupage County Draft 9 14 2017
- 2. Sep 2017 • Teupen Atrium lifts
- 3. May 2017
- 4. May 2017 Photo John Trahan
- 5. Sep 2016 • Chicago • Officers responded to the 1600-block of West Division Street. • They found the 54-year-old man had fallen from the third floor of a building under construction.
- 6. Sep 2016 • University City MO • Danny King, 66 fell into a kettle filled with hot tar. • “He took a mop head off of the mop handle, put it down and he went to swing it off of the roof, like he’s done a thousand times. It caught on his glove and when he threw it, it took him with him," said Patricia King. • He was then submerged in 400 pounds of hot asphalt, which was around 600 degrees.
- 7. Issues?
- 9. Sep 2015 • Rolling Meadows IL • Sergio Herrera died in a fall during roofing
- 10. Aug 2015 • Aug 2015 • Vikings Stadium • "While installing a solid roof, two roofers fell and slid down the roof. One struck a post and stopped, but was injured. The other broke through a guardrail and fell onto an elevated platform below," Minnesota's Department of Labor and Industry fatality investigation page said.
- 11. Inspection • July 2015 • Laceration from casting defect. • DBI Sala • Photo:Angelette Holtmann 11
- 12. May 2015 • New York City • Worker died in fatal elevator shaft fall.
- 13. April 2015 • A construction worker died Wednesday after falling six stories in Brooklyn. 13
- 14. December 2014 • Chicago • Cell Tower • Rescue
- 15. July 2014 • Harness misuse is increasing in OSHA citations.
- 16. March 2014 • Trying to wire garage door in attic
- 17. Dec 2013 • MD • A man working in the garage level of a row of town houses under slipped on a small patch of ice, fell and struck his head and died.
- 18. Falls • New OSHA standards in 1995 • 1954 ANSI Standards • Fatal injuries involving falls increased by 20 from the preliminary count to 700 cases.
- 19. Region 5 is seeing more non construction falls than construction falls. Ladders 27% Roofs 21% Same Surface 20% Othe Elevaton 17% Elevated Platform 15% Top Fall Sources Region V 2010-2014 Ladders Roofs Same Surface Othe Elevaton Elevated Platform Nonmoving Vehicle Skylights and scaffolds not in top five now.
- 20. Heights Falling? Region V fatality data 2007-2011
- 21. What is Fall Protection? • Fall protection protects workers from fall hazards. Fall protection doesn’t mean bulky or cumbersome equipment. It doesn’t interfere with work tasks and it doesn’t get in the way of coworkers – when used properly Unguarded open-sided floor
- 22. Planning • Sometimes it takes a lot of work to do things wrong. • Elimination of fall hazards using the hierarchy of controls should be performed by all companies.
- 23. Hierarchy of Fall Protection • Elimination – such as Cameras to monitor work. Elimination through design • Put up a guardrail then it is done, no misuse issues. • Passive Fall Protection – Guardrails, Covers • Travel Fall Restraint • Administrative Control – such as climber training, warning systems • Fall Arrest Cameras used to monitor locations.
- 24. Safety Program • 1926.20(b)(1) requires all construction companies to have an effective accident prevention program. • Identify where falls can occur to workers through Job Safety Analysis • Discuss the method of protection the worker must use.
- 25. What Is Job Safety Analysis? • Method used to break a job task into separate and distinct steps • Four basic stages in conducting a JSA are: • selecting the job to be analyzed • breaking the job down into a sequence of steps • identifying potential hazards • determining preventive measures to overcome these hazards • http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswe rs/hsprograms/job-haz.html has usefull examples of JSA’s
- 26. Training Train workers: - When to use fall arrest - How to wear fall arrest - Inspection of anchorages, lanyards, and harnesses
- 27. Inspections • Conduct periodic inspections • Is fall arrest is worn? • Is fall protection is place? • Take pictures of people doing it right
- 28. Inspection • All fall protection equipment and anchorages must be inspected at the beginning of each eight-hour shift by an authorized person • At least once per year (or more frequently if required by manufacturer) by a competent person or a competent rescuer as appropriate to verify equipment is safe for use. • Written or electronic records of inspection should be kept on file for service life of product.
- 29. Enforcement • If people are not wearing the fall arrest, what is the consequence?
- 30. Passive Fall Protection • Guardrails • Strength = • Top rail height = • Mid-rail height = • Wire rope/chain deflection of 2 inches
- 31. Guardrails • Issues? • 4’x8’ sheet?
- 32. Covers • Hold twice the weight • Secured • Marked Violation: 4' x 8' sheets of plywood covering a stairway opening to the basement of a house. Only four nails hold the two covers. The cover is not marked.
- 33. Fall Arrest • Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. Free fall of 30 inches needs fall arrest not positioning
- 34. Travel Restraint • 1000 lb anchorage • Cannot free fall to lower level • On flat surfaces.
- 35. Door Jams
- 36. Work Positioning • Positioning device system means a body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning. • Work Positioning free fall cannot exceed 24 inches • Max fall arrest force is 900 lbs. • Lanyards and harnesses used • Equipment must have minimum breaking strength of • 5,000 lbs.
- 37. Fall Arrest Components • Definition • Body Harness • Energy Absorbing Lanyard • Anchorage • Max fall arrest is 1800 pounds • Anchorages are 5000 pounds
- 38. Fall Arrest • Fall Arrest Force Maximum Allowed • Harness = 1800 lbs. • Belt = 900lb (banned) Workers wearing a body harness in an aerial lift
- 39. Fall Arrest • Harness are required for fall arrests • Belts are only for work positioning • Maximum Fall Arrest Force should be less 1800 lbs for a harness. One employee is not wearing fall arrest.
- 40. Lanyards • Use energy absorbing lanyards or retractable lanyards. • Check for ANSI Z359.1 or OSHA 1926.502 marking • Calculate free fall distance
- 41. Harness • Labeled meeting ANZI Z359 or OSHA 1926.502 • Use D-ring in back •Lanyard is not an energy absorbing lanyard. •This is a chest waist harness for work positioning. Not designed for fall arrest.
- 42. Anchorages • A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices • 5000 lbs or 2:1 Safety factor is calculated by a qualified person. • Anchorages may weaken over time due to weather or environment
- 43. Rescue • Must be planned • Following a fall, a worker may remain suspended in a harness. The sustained immobility may lead to a state of unconsciousness • http://www.osha.gov/dts/s hib/shib032404.html has more info on suspension trauma
- 44. Fall Prevention Techniques • Handrails • Slip resistant threads • Slip resistant shoes • Fall restraint systems • Enclosed barriers • Eliminate exposure for routine checks by cameras or instrumentation • Build scaffold for long term exposure
- 45. Scaffolds • OSHA 1926.451 • Training specific for erectors and users. • Inspections before use • Fall protection required above 10 feet. • Suspended scaffolds need independent fall arrest from the scaffold
- 46. Scaffold Footing • Baseplates always required. • Mudsills needed if on earth.
- 47. Scaffold Planking • Scaffolds must be fully planked, secured and overlapped. • Falling object protection required. • Inspect planks for damage or overloading.
- 48. Scaffold Guardrails • Guardrails must be provided on all working platforms.
- 49. Scaffold Access • Stairs are recommended • Scaffold access ladders must be secured
- 50. Metal Bracket Scaffold • What questions would you ask the scaffold erector for this job.?
- 51. Step Ladders • Used on stable surface • Not used as a ext. ladder • Inspected for defects • Never used on a scaffold
- 52. Extension Ladder • 4:1 Pitch • 3’ extension above landing • No defects • Not near electrical • Secured from slipping
- 53. Fixed Ladder • Stairs should be in place if used everyday. 1910.24 • Use fall arrest • Keep lanyard short to 12 inches if possible. • Inspect ladder for looseness and proper rails to roof
- 54. Flat Roofs • Inspect for damaged or rotten roof deck and components. • Parapet must meets guardrail requirements • Lifting at edge requires guardrail protection • Warning lines and monitor required if not using conventional fall protection
- 55. Skylights • Must cover them if working by them. • Will not hold a person’s weight On Nov. 30, 2015, Timothy O'Neal Gearing trying to unjam a saw stuck in its metal roof. When the saw jerked loose, Gearing lost his balance and fell through an unguarded skylight to the concrete ground about 15 feet below. Taken to a nearby hospital, he died later of his injuries.
- 56. Skylights • Skylights need to be covered with a barrier if employees are allowed onto the roof. 56
- 57. Opensided Floors • Need two rails or cables • Fall height of 6 or more • Cable rails allowed 2 inch deflection. • Several falls into improperly guarded elevator shafts
- 58. Floor Holes • Guardrails • Covers • Holes over 2”x2” are covered under the std. • Beware covers that are loose place over a hole.
- 59. Forklift Platforms • Platform slides off • Improper rails • Pushes worker into fixes object • Pallet unacceptable • Scissors point on many carriages • Platform construction
- 60. Sloped Roofs • Shinglers in residential must use fall arrest above 6 feet
- 61. Residential • The most cited standards in construction • 1926.503 requires specific training • Falls from roofs, sheathing, truss erection, openings to basement are among many of the falls.
- 62. Sloped Roof • Sheathers can use a Controlled Access Zone, Monitor, and Slideguards in lieu of fall arrest. • Shinglers should use fall arrest and slideguards • OSHA 1926.501(b)(13)
- 63. Extensible Boom Aerial Lifts • Wear fall arrest • Must have smooth surface to operate • Many flip in mud • Train operator in manual instructions
- 64. Scissor Lifts • Workers must be trained in the operation manual • Full guardrails needed • Inspect area for holes that could flip the lift • Ensure proper lighting
- 65. Stairs • Guardrails on side with both top and mid- rails • Handrails • Evenly spaced threads • Foot clearance • Required if climbing daily One handrail needed if both sides are enclosed
- 66. Steel Erection • Ironworkers connecting out of an aerial lift. • Fall Protection required at 15/30 feet when decking or connecting.
- 67. Safety Nets Used for Decking Decking is the most common activity that historically killed iron workers Nets used to protect deckers
- 68. Suspended Platforms • Must follow 1926.1431 requirements • Often not wearing fall arrest • Platform must be proof tested
- 69. Metal Grating • Must be secured with clips • Guardrails provided on both sides.
- 70. Working Adjacent to Water • Fall Protection • Life vests • Ring Buoys • Skiff or boat
- 71. Rebar Walls • Work positioning • Rebar wall must have spacing similar to a ladder to climb • Rebar Walls must be adequately braced
- 73. Other Fall Surfaces • Tail gates • Riding equipment such as front end loaders and forklifts
- 74. Rescue • The employer shall provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or shall assure that employees are able to rescue themselves. • 1926.502(b)(20)
- 75. Falling Objects • Miami FL • Full screening to prevent falling objects.
- 76. Quick Quiz • Anchorages must be _____ lbs. • Fall arrest forces for harnessing shall not exceed _____ lbs. • What is the best in the hierarchy of fall protection? _____________ • Covers must hold _____ times the anticipated load. • Free fall over ____ inches is not allowed in work positioning.