Fire Protection and Prevention Training by RoofSafe

Fire Protection and Prevention
New England
Roofing Industry
Partnership

Training Objectives
 After completing this unit, you will know:
– The components of fire and related hazards.
– How to control fires by removing a
component.
– The employer’s responsibilities for a fire
fighting program and its basic components.
– Your role in fighting a fire.
– The types of fire extinguishers and their
limitations.
– How to effectively use a fire extinguisher.
1Fire Protection and PreventionF
SUBPART

References
 29 CFR 1926.150-159; Subpart F, Fire
Protection and Prevention
 National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
SUBPART

The Main Dangers of Fire
 Smoke inhalation kills more people
than burns.
– Three out of four workers who die in fires
die from the smoke.
– Fires produce intense heat above 10000
F.
– Fires will use up the oxygen you need to
breathe.
– Smoke is toxic and contains gases like
carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride &
carbon dioxide.
SUBPART

What is Fire?
SUBPART

Preventing Fires
 We can prevent fires by taking away one
of the triangle’s sides (Fuel, Heat, or
Oxygen).
– We can make sure there is no fuel.
– We can make sure there is no heat
(ignition).
– We can’t do much about the oxygen, but we
can use an extinguisher to take away the
oxygen after the fire starts!
SUBPART

Controlling or Eliminating Fuels
 Storing Flammable & Combustible Liquids
– Store away from heat sources and in approved
containers only.
– Store fuels in quantities greater than 1 gallon
in an approved safety can.
– Store fuels of 1 gallon or less in original
container, approved container, or safety can.
– Do not store fuels near exits or on stairways.
SUBPART

 Storing Flammable & Combustible Liquids
– Do not store more than 25 gallons of fuel in any one
room unless in an approved storage cabinet.
– Do not store more than 60 gallons of flammable
liquids or 120 gallons of combustible liquids in a
single approved storage cabinet.
– Outside: containers, maximum 60 gallons each; shall
not exceed 1,100 gallons in each pile.
– Do not store portable tanks closer than 20 feet
to buildings.
SUBPART

 Using Flammable and Combustible Liquids
– Store in closed containers when not in use.
– Never use within 50 feet of open flames and
ignition sources.
– Dispose of leaks and spills quickly.
– Never work in saturated clothes!
– Never use gasoline or other flammable to start
a fire!
SUBPART

Flash Point
 The temperature
the liquid must
reach to give off
enough vapors to
ignite.
 Flammables have a
lower flash point
and are therefore
more dangerous.
 Check the MSDS
SUBPART

A Liquid’s Flammable Limits
 Range of fuel to air concentrations that allow a
fire of explosion to occur.
 Between the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and the
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL), ignition source will
cause an explosion. Check the MSDS.
SUBPART

NFPA Label
 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
 The higher the number in the red box (max is 4), the
greater the fire hazard. Check the MSDS.
SUBPART

 Pouring Flammable & Combustible Liquids
– Dispensing operations where more than 5
gallons are dispensed at a time must be
separated from other operations by at least 25
feet.
– Dispensing valves must be self-closing.
– Transfer only when containers are grounded
and/or bonded.
SUBPART

Controlling or Eliminating
Ignition Sources (Heat)
 We can control ignition sources by:
– Not smoking or having open flames.
– Keeping welding, grinding, and cutting at
least 50 feet from flammables.
– Not cutting on tanks, vessels, or drums.
– Keeping engine exhausts away from
flammables.
– Making sure electrical devices comply
with OSHA’s Subpart K.
SUBPART

What About Static Electricity?
– Transfer only when containers are
grounded and/or bonded together.
– Never attach or detach bonding clips in
hazardous concentrations of gases or
vapors.
– Don’t fill a gas can in the bed of a truck
that has a bed liner or in a trunk of a car.
Always place can on ground!
SUBPART
Pouring from one container to another
can cause static electricity:

Controlling or Eliminating
Ignition Sources (Heat)
 Temporary Heaters:
– Keep tarps and canvas at least 10 feet
away.
– Keep combustible materials at least 18”
away from chimney of circulating room
heaters.
– Keep combustibles materials at least
36” away from the rear of heaters.
– OSHA does not allow solid fuel heaters
indoors or on scaffolds!
SUBPART

LP Gas Heaters
• Must have manufacturer’s affixed safety
data plate.
• Must use according to manufacturer’s
instructions.
• Must have a fresh air supply.
• Must have automatic shut off valve to
prevent gas build-up during a flame-out!
SUBPART

Propane-LP Gas Precautions
 Store, transport, & use LP gas
only in approved containers.
 Never weld on LP containers.
 Don’t point heaters towards
containers.
 Don’t store LP containers inside.
 Don’t roll on side or bottom
edge – use a dolly.
 Keep valve protection in place.
 Don’t lift by the ring.
SUBPART

Propane Storage
SUBPART

Fighting Fires
 Fire Fighting Program:
– Required throughout construction
activities
– Written program required by OSHA:
• Procedures for calling fire department
• Training for workers in how to identify &
correct hazards and use extinguishers.
• Water supply
• Detectors, alarms, and fire fighting equipment
• Explained to every worker
SUBPART

Types of Fire Extinguishers
 There are four basic types:
– Type A - for wood, cardboard,
and paper
– Type B - for flammable
liquids and grease
– Type C - for electrical
– Type D - for combustible
metals
• Never use a water based
Type “A” on an electrical or
flammable liquid fire!
SUBPART

Fire Extinguisher Requirements
 OSHA requires:
– At least one 2A rated extinguisher for each 3,000 sq. ft.
– At least one per floor and one next to stairway.
– At least 1 within 100 feet of every part of protected
building.
– At least one 10B within 50 feet of 5 gallons or more of a
flammable liquid or 5 lbs. of flammable compressed gas.
– One 20B extinguisher between 25-75 feet of 60 gallons
or more outside.
– One 20B on tank trucks.
SUBPART

Before You Fight a Fire
 Before fighting a fire, make sure:
– You have a way out.
– You have called the fire department.
– The fire is small enough to fight.
– The area is not filled with too much smoke.
– You know what is burning and have the right
extinguisher.
– You use the P.A.S.S. method!
SUBPART

P.A.S.S.
 P - Pull Pin
 A - Aim at base
 S - Squeeze
 S - Sweep from
side to side
SUBPART

A Roofing Fire
Hazard Situation
If you are involved with BUR, consider the following:
SUBPART

Hazards and Controls
With Kettles
 The kettle is propane-fired – where should
the tanks(s) be placed?
 How close to the building and combustible
materials can the kettle be?
 The asphalt has a Flash Point of 4500
F.
 What kind of Fire Extinguishers are needed?
 Where should they be placed?
SUBPART

Kettle Set-up for Fire Prevention
 Tanks should be no closer than 10 feet,
or 2 feet if the kettle is insulated.
 Minimum 20 feet to combustible material,
building surface or building opening.
 Temperature in the kettle must be kept
below 4500
F at all times.
 A minimum 20-B:C fire extinguisher must
be kept within 30 feet.
SUBPART

Another Roofing Fire Hazard:
Using Torches
SUBPART
This operation
utilizes an open
flame – have
sufficient pre-
cautions been
taken?
Photo courtesy of NRCA, “Hot Times: An NRCA Review of Torch Safety Essentials”

Precautions for Use of Torches
 Survey site for combustibles on or under
deck.
 Tanks should be no closer than 10 feet.
 Check hose connections for leaks.
 No combustibles or flammables nearby.
 No heat directly on combustible substrate.
 No flame near or into openings.
 Adequate PPE for torch user.
 Fire watch after torch application.
SUBPART

Case Study: What went wrong?
Propane gas was being
used to fuel a portable
heater. The heater
flamed out, allowing gas
to gather in the bilge
area of a construction
barge. The accumulated
gas exploded with great
force, killing the worker.
SUBPART

– .150(c)(1)(I): 2A fire extinguishers – Building Area
– .152(a)(1): Storage of LP Containers
– .153(j): Fire Protection Program/equipment
– .150(a)(1): 10B Fire Extinguisher w/in 50 feet of
combustible/flammable liquids
– .150(c)(1)(vi): Approved containers for
flammables/combustibles
How can the hazards addressed by these
Standards best be corrected, controlled, or
eliminated?
SUBPART
Fire Protection & Prevention
(1926.150 – .159)
Common OSHA Citations:

Review Questions
 True or False?
1. Smoke kills more people than the fire itself.
2. Fire is fuel, heat, and oxygen.
3. Flammable liquids of one gallon or less,
must be stored in an approved safety can
or original container.
4. Welding, grinding, and smoking can not be
done within 50 feet of flammable and/or
combustible liquids.
SUBPART

Review Questions
 True or False?
5. Gasoline can be used to start scrap lumber
fires.
6. Flammable liquids have a higher flash point
than combustible liquids and therefore are
more dangerous.
7. Flammable/combustible liquids should be
transferred only when containers are
grounded and/or bonded due to static
electricity.
8. LP Gas tanks can be stored inside.
SUBPART

Review Questions
 True or False?
9. Employers are required to explain fire
protection programs to workers.
10. There are only 2 types of fire extinguishers
usable in construction.
11. OSHA requires at least one 2A rated
extinguisher for each 3,000 square feet of
building and one per floor.
12. Workers should be within 100 feet of an
extinguisher at all times.
SUBPART

Fire Protection and Prevention Training by RoofSafe

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