british rule in india

1. The Establishment of Company Rule.
The mughal empire:
Babur
Humayaun
Akbar

2. Jahangir
Shahjahan.
Aurangzep.

3. Mercantilism :
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the European rulers
started protecting their countries trade from foreign compeitition to
increase profits.
This policy is known as mercantilism.
Mercantilism is an economic policy that is designed to maximize the
exports and minimize the imports for an economy.
It is a business enterprise that mainly makes profit by buying goods at
a cheep rate and selling them at a higher rate.
These rulers sought colonies where raw material could be brought
cheap and finished products could be sold at a high price.

4. Vasco da Gama;
With the arrival of the Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama in 1498
at Calicut in South India, European explorers started arriving on
Indian shores. Their prime purpose was the profitable spice trade.
What was the East India Company?
East India Company was the name of several historical European companies
chartered with Asia, more specially with India.
• British East India Company, founded • in 1600
• Danish East India Company, founded in 1616
• Dutch East India Company, founded in 1602
• French East India Company, founded in 1664
• Swedish East India Company, founded in 1731
• Portuguese East India Company, founded in 1628

5. The English East India Company
The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East
India Company (HEIC), East India Trading Company (EITC),
the English East India Company or the British East India Company
The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31
December 1600.
It was granted the right to trade in the East through a charter issued by
Queen Elizabeth I.

6. Captain Hawkins of the EEIC arrived at the royal court of Jahangir in 1608 to
seek permission to set up an trading centre at surat.
Jahangir did not grant permission as the Portuguese were putting
pressure on him not to grant permission.

7. Sir Thomas Roe visited the court of the mughal emperor Jahangir as
a ambassador of James I, in 1615 CE and obtained permission
to trade in Surat.
Later trade centers were established at Agra, Ahmedabad and Broch.
After this, they established trade centres at Calcutta, Madras and
Bombay.
Calcutta was their first capital.
Gradually, the profit of the East India Company increased notably.
They also traded in spices. They found a big demand for the quality
handloomed Indian fabrics such as chintz, calico, and muslin.

8. The Rise of British
The rise of British started in Bengal
In 1690 Aurangzep issued a farman.
Granted the right to duty-free trade in Bengal.
For an annual payment of Rs 3000.
 In 1698, EEIC acquired zamindari rights over three villages,
Sutanuti, Govindapur and Kalikata,.

9.  In 1714, an Englishman John Surman was sent to Delhi Court for
securing trading facilities for the company.
 He succeeded in obtaining from Emperor Farukhsiyar
a farman in 1717.

 The EIC secured valuable privileges in 1717 under the royal farman
What’s the Farman?
 The Company was permitted to carry on trade in Bengal,
Bombay and Madras free of customs duty.
 Granted the Company the freedom to export and import their
goods in Bengal without paying taxes
 Right to issue passes or dastaks for the movements of such
goods.
 By 1750, Bengal accounted for about 75 percent of the
company’s procurement of Indian goods.

10. Conflict arisng between EEIC and mughal kings.
British had begun systematically abusing the right to free trade.
Free trade passes where sold to Indian favourites.
Conflict arisng between EEIC and mughal kings.
In 1756 Siraj-ud-Daula became the nawab .
In order to deter the French attack
the company began to fortify the Culcutta.
Siraj-ud-Daula saw this as a challange to his authority.
In June 1756 he marched to culcutta defeted the garrison
And imprisioned those who where unable to flee.
The Battle of Plassey

11. Siraj-ud-Daulah
Mir Jafar
Robert Clive

12. The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of theEEIC over
the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757,
under the leadership of Robert Clive .
The battle took place at Palashi on the banks of the Hooghly
River, about 150 kilometres north of Calcutta and south
of Murshidabad then capital of Bengal.
The belligerents were the Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last
independent Nawab of Bengal, and the EEIC.
Siraj-ud-Daulah had become the Nawab of Bengal.
He ordered the English to stop the extension of their
fortification.
Robert Clive bribed Mir Jafar, the commander-in-chief of the
Nawab's army, and also promised him to make him Nawab of
Bengal.
Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey in 1757 and captured
Calcutta.
Mir Jafar was appointed as the new puppet nawab.
This marked the beginning of political supremacy of the EEIC in
India.

13. The Battle of Buxar
.
The Battle of Plassey, gave British the predominance over the
administration of the Bengal.
As a result of the Battle of Plassey, Siraj-Ud-Daulah was dethroned as the
Nawab of Bengal and was replaced by Mir Jafar (Commander of Siraj’s
Army.)
After Mir Jafar became the new Bengal nawab, the British took him as
their puppet but Mir Jafar got involved with Dutch.
Mir Qasim (son-in-law of Mir Jafar) was supported by the British to
become the new Nawab and under the pressure of the Company, Mir Jafar
decided to resign in favour of Mir Kasim.
A pension of Rs 1,500 per annum was fixed for Mir Jafar.
A few reasons which were the key to the Battle of Buxar are given below:
 Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to
Munger Fort from Calcutta.
 He also hired foreign experts to train his army.

14.  He treated Indian merchants and English as same.
 Misuse of Dastak, Farman and expansion of trade by English were
disliked by Mir Qasim.
 These factors fuelled the English decided to overthrow him and war
broke out between Mir Kasim and the Company in 1763.
 The British again replace MirJafar as the nawab of Bengal.
 Mir kasim fled freom Bengal.
 He formed a grand alliance with the Mughal Emporer
Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh.
Participants of Battle of
Buxar
Role in the Battle of Buxar
Mir Qasim –
(Administering Bengal
in place of Mir Jafar –
Nawab of Bengal)
He disliked misuse of dastak,
farmans by the English, hence
tried to conspire against English
forming an alliance with Awadh
Nawab and Mughal Emperor
Shuja-Ud-Daulah –
Nawab of Awadh
(Oudh)
Was a part of a confederacy with
Mir Qasim and Shah Alam-II
Shah Alam II – Mughal
Emperor
He wanted to overthrow English
from Bengal
Hector Munro – British
Army Major
He led the battle from the
English side
Robert Clive Singed the treaties with Shuja-
Ud-Daulah and Shah Alam-II
after winning the battle
Result of Battle of Buxar

15.  Mir Qasim, Shuja-Ud-Daula and Shah Alam-II lost the battle on
October 22, 1764.
 Major Hector Munro won a decisive battle and Robert Clive had a
major role in that.
 English became a great power in northern India.
 Mir Jafar (Nawab of Bengal) handed over districts of Midnapore,
Burdwan and Chittagong to the English for the maintenance of their
army.
 The English were also permitted duty-free trade in Bengal.
 After the death of Mir Jafar, his minor son, Najimud-Daula, was
appointed nawab.
 but the real power of administration lay in the hands of the
naib-subahdar, who could be appointed or dismissed by the English.
 Clive made political settlements with Emperor Shah Alam II and
Shuja-Ud-Daula of Awadh in the Treaty of Allahabad.
PREPARED BY….
A. JOHN BOSCO.
SST DEPARTMENT