concept of cost Efficient construction

Cost efficient construction
Compiled by Jifara C.
2017
7/17/2017
Compiled by Jifara C. @WU CoTM Dep't
BMC IV
1
BM&C IV

Objectives
By the end of this session student will be able to;
– Familiar with the concept of cost efficient
construction
– Identify the recent problem with housing demand
– Define affordable housing
– Identify application area
– Identify Strategic plan for CEC
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1.INTRODUCTION
• Cost efficient Construction, is the construction of:
– Cost effective facilities using appropriate technologies;
– Energy efficient and environmentally friendly
structures
– Facilities that create employment and skill
improvement opportunities.
– Structures that substitute expensive & scarce building
materials and its components by low cost locally
available materials to suit local design typologies.
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Concepts CEC
• The United Nations estimates: at least one
billion have no home or poor quality housing.
• And the news only gets worse; as the total
numbers of homeless are expected to double
over the next 50 years.
• In Africa alone, they are expected to grow more
than threefold.
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Cont,…
• Construction costs in Ethiopia also increasing
dramatically.
• Due to inflation rates, construction costs are also
getting similar increase, primarily due to cost of
basic building materials and cost of labour.
• As a result, the cost of construction using normal
building materials and construction is beyond the
affordability of the economically weak and low-
income groups of population as well as the
middle - income groups.
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Cont,…
• Therefore, there is a need to adopt cost effective
construction methods:
• by up gradation of traditional technologies using
local resources or applying modern construction
materials and techniques with efficient inputs
leading to Economic solutions
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Factors considered in Cost efficient Construction
The following points are very important in the low
cost construction and reducing cost of construction:
• 1. Strong 2. Durable 3. Functional
• 4. Aesthetic 5. Environment friendly
• 6. Ecologically appropriate
• 7. Energy efficient
• 8. Affordable and adaptable
• 9. Cost-effective materials
• 10. Appropriate technologies in construction
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Technology for Cost efficient
Construction
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A. Energy Efficient
• Simple machines: saves energy in production
• Raw Materials: derived from agro-industrial
and natural fibers, requires less energy in
production
• Products: provide better thermal comfort that
results in conservation of operational energy.
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Cont,…
B. Environment Friendly
• improving waste management & environmental
protection
• Utilizes local resources
• Substitute’s wood – preserving forest cover.
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Cont,….
C. Employment Generating
• Simple machines – with manual handling,
increases employment for unskilled and semi-
skilled workers.
• Small enterprises – can be set up at decentralized
locations.
• Production of components – involves local
people after short training.
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1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CEC MATERIALS
• Easy to manufacture
• Easy affordability
• Easy Erection/commissioning
• Faster & cheaper construction
• Effective Waste utilization
• Energy efficient and Environment friendly
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1.3 ASPECTS FOR COST REDUCTION
The following are some aspects of Cost reduction
in construction Projects:
• Optimum use of land
• Functional design of structures
• Optimum use of Construction materials
• Rationalization of specifications
• New construction materials and techniques.
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1.4 FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF MATERIALS.
• Availability/suitability of raw materials
• Availability of skilled labour
• Scale of construction
• Cost variation with conventional materials
• Availability of adequate power for production of
components
• Disaster -resistant requirements
• Environmental aspects
• Acceptability by people
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1.5 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION CRITERIA
• Lower initial cost and more productive
• Lower consumption of materials
• Time saving in construction.
• Utilization of waste materials
• Saving skilled labour
• Achieving better utilization of equipment
• Better utilization of space.
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1.6 CAUSES OF HIGH CONSTRUCTION COST
• Expensive materials
• Poor cost management
• Poor Waste management
• Lack of skills and knowledge in selection of
appropriate Construction packages:
• Designs,
• Materials,
• Methods,
• Equipment’s.
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1.7 FOCUS AREAS FOR CE CONSTRUCTION
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Affordable housing
• Affordable housing is a term used to describe
dwelling units whose total housing cost are
deemed “Affordable” to a group of people within
a specified income range.
• Affordable housing policies seek to house as
many people as practical at the lowest cost,
leading in the past to overcrowding.
• Preference to preserve traditional building
methods, Preference to economic considerations.
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Cont,…
• Affordable housing for the poor is often
consigned, with disastrous consequences, to
areas that are the least suitable for building,
whilst affordable housing often incorporates
relatively low standards of construction.
• Affordable housing must be engineered to
provide for cyclonic wind load, landslip,
expansive soils and subsidence as appropriate.
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Affordable housing: case of Ethiopia
The rural populations of Ethiopia live largely under:
• Difficult conditions dominated by poverty and
lack of access to knowledge on alternative, lack
of appropriate construction technologies, That
can exploit local resources leading to a cost
efficient construction.
• Most of them living in low standard houses and
they are constructing their house from natural
wooden materials which can lead the
environment to deforestation.
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• Therefore:
• There is an array of technology options available
for: Various elements of building construction,
leading to cost-effectiveness and at the same
time not affecting the performance
characteristics expected from a decent house.
• It is desirable to have increased understanding
of the various materials and technology options
such as:
– Its structural and functional characteristics
– the methodologies for implementation.
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Cont,….
• This would play a major role in:
• Ensuring the adoption of appropriate and cost
effective technologies in housing and building
construction scene
• Such adoption is one of the vital inputs to make
affordable and acceptable housing for the
majority of low-income people.
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APPLICATION AREAS
The following are the possible application areas of low-
cost construction:
• Land cost should be kept to a minimum.
• Compact design.
• Location of project should be close to existing bulk
services.
• Maximum utilization of space inside house.
• Implement measures to reduce your overheads cost
(enough human resources on site).
• Buy material in bulk and Good house design
(simplifies construction, saves time and resources).
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CONSIDERATIONS IN COST EFFECTIVE HOUSING
• Affordable housing should reflect the
architectural style of the area in which it is to be
located.
• Affordable housing should be designed and
constructed in accordance with local building
regulations and standards Where these are not
adequate, international standards should be
used.
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Cont,…..
• Particular attention should be paid to design
for:
• Cyclonic wind loading,
• Earthquake loading and
• Unstable foundations.
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Strategic plans
• Selection and evaluation of materials and
processes.
• Up scaling and modernisation of home-grown
production technologies
• Economy and efficiency in housing/building
construction projects
• Strengthening technology dissemination and
demonstration capabilities.
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Cont,….
• Training and skill up gradation.
• Field level applications of innovative building
materials.
• Use of bamboo in housing and building
construction.
• Vulnerability reduction, risk assessment and
disaster resistant construction.
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LOW COST=LOW ENERGY:
• The building materials industries are a whole rely
to a large extent on high temperature processes
are among the most energy-intensive industries.
• It is therefore, important that the use of energy in
the production process is optimized so that
overall cost of building construction is reduced.
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Cont,…
According to Van Wyk:
• Construction activities consume 50% of all
resources globally, 70% of all global timber
products and 40% of energy.
• The consumption of these resources adversely
affects the environment through: over-
exploitation of both renewable and non-
renewable resources (materials and energy).
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Cont,…
Contribution of the building industry to global warming.
• Modern buildings consume energy in a number of ways.
• They occur in five phases:
1. Embodied energy: energy consumed in manufacturing of
building materials and components.
2. Grey energy: The energy used to transport materials from
production plants to the building site
3. Induced energy: the energy used in the actual construction of
the building.
4. Energy consumed at the operational phase – corresponds to
the running of the building when it is occupied.
5. Energy consumed in the demolition process of buildings as
well as in the recycling of their parts, when this is promoted
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Cont,….
Generally cost-effective and alternate
construction technologies contribute among
the following: -
 Reducing cost of construction by reduction of
quantity of building materials
 Use of alternate low-energy consuming materials,
 Reduction of CO2 emission and thus help in the
protection of the environment,
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Individual assignment (10%)
List building materials available in your
environment naturally and write notes in details
on their production system, properties,
application techniques, and for what elements of
building they can be used.
 submission date: next week
 Don’t copy from other
 Your hand writing shall be easy to read,
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Thank you!!!
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33

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