3. Sigmund Freud
• Sigmund Freud explored the human mind more
thoroughly than any other who became before
him.
• Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis,
a method for treating mental illness and also a
theory which explains human behavior.
• His contributions to psychology are vast. Freud
was one of the most influential people of the
twentieth century and his enduring legacy has
influenced not only psychology, but art, literature
and even the way people bring up their children
6. Conscious
• He labeled the region that pokes into the
light of awareness the conscious part of
the mind.
• Consists of those thoughts that are the
focus of our attention now.
7. Preconscious
• The preconscious consists of all which can
be retrieved from memory.
• Contains ideas that are out of awareness
but can be made by focusing on them.
8. Unconscious
• The unconscious mind is shrouded in mystery.
Here lie the processes that are the real cause of
most behavior.
• Contains primitive instincts such as sex and
aggression.
• Some events and desires were often too
frightening or painful for his patients to
acknowledge, and believed such information was
locked away in the unconscious mind. This can
happen through the process of repression.
11. id
The psychic structure, present at birth, that represents
psychological drives and is fully conscious.
Ego
The second psychic structure to develop, characterized by
self-awareness, planning, and delay of gratification
Superego
The third psychic structure, which function as a moral
guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior
12. Defense Mechanism
In order to deal with conflict and problems in life,
Freud stated that the ego employs a range of defense
mechanisms. Defense mechanisms operate at an
unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant
feelings or make good things feel better for the
individual.
17. Psychoanalytic Therapy
Free association
• Free association involves you talking about
whatever comes into your mind without
censoring or editing the flow of
memories/ideas. Your therapist will encourage
you to speak freely to help you return to an
earlier emotional state so they can better
understand any recurrent patterns of conflict
you may be experiencing.
18. Therapeutic transference
• Transference relates to the way you may be
transferring thoughts or feelings connected to
influential figures in your life (for example
your parents or siblings) onto your therapist.
While this may not happen in every case, if it
does your therapist should discuss
transference with you to help you gain further
insight into the way you deal with people in
your daily life.
19. Interpretation
• A key element of psychoanalytic therapy is
interpreting and 'reading between the lines'.
While your therapist is likely to stay relatively
quiet and allow you to talk freely, they will
occasionally interject with thoughts or
interpretations of the topics you discuss. Your
psychoanalyst may also ask you about your
dreams; Freud wrote a lot on the subject of
dream analysis and believed that dreams were
important resources for understanding the
unconscious.
20. Dream Analysis
• According to Freud the analysis of dreams is “the royal
road to the unconscious”. He argued that the conscious
mind is like a censor but it is less vigilant when we are
asleep. As a result repressed ideas come to the surface
– though what we remember may well have been
altered during the dream process.
• As a result we need to distinguish between the
manifest content and the latent content of a dream.
The former is what we actually remember. The latter is
what it really means. Freud believed that very often
the real meaning of a dream had a sexual significance
and in his theory of sexual symbolism he speculates on
the underlying meaning of common dream themes
