2. โข The genesis of neuroses regards conflict as essential.
The conflict can arise between instinctual drives and
external reality or between internal agencies, such as the
id and the superego or the id and the ego.
โข The psychoanalytic theory says that our childhood
experiences and unconscious desires influence behavior.
โข the major driving force behind Freud's instinctual theory
is the concept of libido.
โข So libido is natural energy source that fuels the
mechanisms of the mind. And when this libidinal energy is
stuck or fixated at various stages of psychosexual
developmen conflicts can occur that have lifelong effects.
3. Accessing the unconscious
โข Since the unconscious remains inaccessible, the only way
the conflicts can be recognized is through the symptoms
that are present in the conscious.
โข Freudโs unique approach to the treatment of psychological
ailments involved working with the conflicts that existed in
the unconscious. He sought to free the patient from
repressed memories and so alleviate their mental pain.
โข His approach to treatment is called psychoanalytic
psychotherapy.
4. A. Free Association
โข The cornerstone of psychoanalytic technique is free
association, in which patients say whatever comes to
mind.
โข This technique involves a therapist reading a list of words
(e.g.. mother, childhood, etc.) and the patient immediately
responds with the first word that comes to mind.
โข It is hoped that fragments of repressed memories will
emerge in the course of free association.
5. B. Freudian Slip
โข A Freudian slip is a verbal error, or โslip of the tongue,โ and
it is said to reveal a repressed belief, thought, or emotion.
It is an involuntary substitution of one word for another that
sounds similar but inadvertently reveals something the
person really feels.
โข For intance,a man might thank a woman he finds desirable
for making โthe breast dinner ever,โthe slip revealing his
true thought.
6. โข C. The interpretation of dreams
โข Freud analysed dreams as โthe royal road to the unconscious.โ
โข He postulated the existence of a โcensorโ guarding the border
between the unconscious part of the mind and the preconscious
level but it is less vigilant when we are asleep. As a result, repressed
ideas come to the surface.
โข He believed dreams to be conscious expression of unconscious
fantasies or impulses which are not accessible to the individual in
wakefulness,thereby providing gratification by wish fulfilment.
7. โข Freud distinguished between two layers of dream content:
โข 1.The manifest content
โข 2.The latent content
โข Freud described the unconscious mental operations by
which latent dream content is transformed into manifest
dream as the dream work
8. โข Under the term โdream-workโ, Freud initially discussed 4
phenomena by which latent dream are converted into manifest
dream content, These include:
๏ถ Condensation
๏ถ Displacement
๏ถ Symbolic representation
๏ถSecondary revision
