The forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, who mentioned that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. This model has become the basis for subsequent models.

1. Tuckman’s Group Development
(Forming)

2. T-E-A-M-W-O-R-K
Strength in Unity
Image retrieved from http://quotesgram.com/unity-is-strength-quotes/

3. 3Tuckman’s Group Development
(Forming)
The group begins by forming a team of individuals of
different talents and expertise. Opportunities and challenges
are discussed, goals are set to accomplish. Members are
high spirited and motivated but tend to work independently to
avoid stepping on each other’s foot. They tend to act
professionally when working together.

4. 4
At this stage, members feel anxious and nervous
joining the group. Being new to the team, they are uncertain
on what is to come and how to meet expectations. First
impressions are important to the individuals as they hope to
be accepted by others. The group begins to bond as
members try to learn more of each other. Slowly, trust is
developed and contacts are made.
Tuckman’s Group Development
(Forming)

5. 5
As a newly formed group, everyone is uncertain on
their roles and responsibilities. Members would seek guidance
and leadership from their superiors on their expectations.
Leaders plays a great role here as they would need to provide
direction to the group and coordinate the members’ work. The
group is mainly focused on orientation, hence less work is
done at this stage.
Tuckman’s Group Development
(Forming)

6. INDIVIDUALLY
WE ARE ONE DROP
Ryunosuke Satoro
TOGETHER
WE ARE AN OCEAN
Image retrieved from http://www.technosamrat.com/freewares/47-marvelous-ocean-wallpapers/

7. 7References
01
02
03
04
05
Tuckman, Bruce W. (1965), 'Developmental Sequence in Small Groups,'
Psychological Bulletin, Volume 63, June 1965
06
Tuckman, Bruce W. and Jensen, M.A.C. (1977) 'Stages of Small-Group
Development Revisited,' Group Organization Management, Volume 2,
Number 4, December 1977.
MIT Human Resource Web. Received from http://hrweb.mit.edu/learning-
development/learning-topics/teams/articles/stages-development
The Teambuilding Company. Received from
http://www.teambuilding.co.uk/Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing.html
Aurora (2013). Received from Bruce Tuckman's Team Development
Model
Culture At Work. Received from Bruce Tuckman's Forming, Storming,
Norming and Performing Team Development Model

8. 8References
07
The Happy Manager. Received from http://www.the-happy-
manager.com/articles/teamwork-theory/
08
Free Management Ebooks. Received from http://www.free-management-
ebooks.com/faqld/development-02.htm
09
Business Balls. Received from
http://www.businessballs.com/tuckmanformingstormingnormingperforming.htm
10
Wikipedia. Received from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuckman%27s_stages_of_group_development
11
Mind Tools. Received from
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_86.htm
12
Chimaera Consulting. Received from
http://www.chimaeraconsulting.com/tuckman.htm