CLASSIFICATION-OF-DRUGS.pdf
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This document discusses the classification of antimicrobial agents in 7 categories: 1. Based on mechanism of action (cell wall synthesis inhibitors like penicillin, protein synthesis inhibitors like chloramphenicol). 2. Based on therapeutic use (antibacterials like penicillin, antifungals like amphotericin B, antivirals like acyclovir). 3. Based on spectrum of activity (broad spectrum like tetracyclines, narrow spectrum like penicillin G).
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Antibiotics
Medicinal Chemistry
1 Antibiotics
2 Introduction
3 Classification
4 Classification based on mechanism of action:
5 Classification based on chemical structure:
6
1) Β-lactam antibiotics.
2) Aminoglycoside antibiotics.
3) Tetracycline antibiotics.
4) Polypeptide antibiotics.
5) Macrolide antibiotics.
6) Lincomycins.
7) Other antibiotics.
Antibacterial therapy by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
1. The Kirbybauer method is a disc diffusion test used to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Filter paper discs loaded with antibiotics are placed on inoculated agar and allowed to diffuse. The zone of inhibition around each disc indicates sensitivity.
2. Antibiotics can inhibit bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. Examples are penicillins blocking cell wall synthesis and rifampicin inhibiting bacterial transcription.
3. Antimicrobial resistance arises via mutations altering drug targets, enzymatic drug inactivation, or preventing drug uptake. It spreads between bacteria horizontally via plasmids encoding resistance genes. Prudent antibiotic use helps slow resistance development.
Antibacterial therapy by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
Antimicrobials include antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic agents that inhibit or kill microorganisms. The document discusses various classes of antibiotics including their mechanisms of action and production sources. It describes how antibiotics can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal and covers antibiotic resistance mechanisms like changes to permeability, enzyme production, or target sites. Methods for determining antibiotic sensitivity are outlined, including disk diffusion assays and dilution tests to categorize organisms as resistant, intermediate, or sensitive.
Antibiotics introduction to classification
This document discusses the classification and mechanisms of action of antibiotics. It covers several key topics:
1. Antibiotics can be classified based on their chemical structure or mechanism of action. Major classes include beta-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides.
2. Antibiotics have selective toxicity toward bacteria and not the host. Their therapeutic index and whether they are bactericidal or bacteriostatic are important properties.
3. Antibiotics can inhibit protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, cell wall synthesis, or disrupt the bacterial cell membrane. They have different targets within each of these pathways.
4. Resistance can arise through mutation, acquisition of
1. antibiotics in periodontics
use of antibiotics in periodontal therapy its indications contraindications side effects mechanism of action
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1. The document discusses the classification and mechanisms of action of various antibiotics. It begins by defining antibiotics and explaining their selective toxicity towards bacteria.
2. The document then covers various classifications of antibiotics including by chemical structure and mechanism of action. The main mechanisms discussed are inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA/RNA synthesis.
3. Specific antibiotic classes are then described in more detail, including beta-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, quinolones, metronidazole, rifampin, sulfonamides, and tri
12.COMPREHENSIVE OFANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY ( CLASSIFICATION AND...
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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC) features interdisciplinary studies that build our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic applications of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents and chemotherapy.Antibiotics
This document provides an overview of antimicrobials (also known as antibiotics). It defines antimicrobials and discusses their classification as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. The document outlines the history of antimicrobial discovery and discusses their sources, selective toxicity, and modes of action. Key topics covered include the classification of antibiotics based on chemical structure and mechanism of action, as well as details on specific classes of antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and others.
Recommended
Antibiotics
Medicinal Chemistry
1 Antibiotics
2 Introduction
3 Classification
4 Classification based on mechanism of action:
5 Classification based on chemical structure:
6
1) Β-lactam antibiotics.
2) Aminoglycoside antibiotics.
3) Tetracycline antibiotics.
4) Polypeptide antibiotics.
5) Macrolide antibiotics.
6) Lincomycins.
7) Other antibiotics.
Antibacterial therapy by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
1. The Kirbybauer method is a disc diffusion test used to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Filter paper discs loaded with antibiotics are placed on inoculated agar and allowed to diffuse. The zone of inhibition around each disc indicates sensitivity.
2. Antibiotics can inhibit bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. Examples are penicillins blocking cell wall synthesis and rifampicin inhibiting bacterial transcription.
3. Antimicrobial resistance arises via mutations altering drug targets, enzymatic drug inactivation, or preventing drug uptake. It spreads between bacteria horizontally via plasmids encoding resistance genes. Prudent antibiotic use helps slow resistance development.
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2. Antibiotics have selective toxicity toward bacteria and not the host. Their therapeutic index and whether they are bactericidal or bacteriostatic are important properties.
3. Antibiotics can inhibit protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, cell wall synthesis, or disrupt the bacterial cell membrane. They have different targets within each of these pathways.
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2. The document then covers various classifications of antibiotics including by chemical structure and mechanism of action. The main mechanisms discussed are inhibition of cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA/RNA synthesis.
3. Specific antibiotic classes are then described in more detail, including beta-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, quinolones, metronidazole, rifampin, sulfonamides, and tri
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This document provides an overview of antimicrobials (also known as antibiotics). It defines antimicrobials and discusses their classification as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. The document outlines the history of antimicrobial discovery and discusses their sources, selective toxicity, and modes of action. Key topics covered include the classification of antibiotics based on chemical structure and mechanism of action, as well as details on specific classes of antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and others.
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2. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria including production of enzymes to destroy drugs and genetic/non-genetic resistance.
3. Approaches to address rising antibiotic resistance such as appropriate use and preventing overprescription.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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- 1. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS DR ARPITA SHRIVASTAV,ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & A.H. REWA 1
- 2. Classification of antimicrobial agents 1.Based on mechanism of action 2.Based on therapeutic use/ organisms affected 3.Based on spectrum of activity 4.Based on type of action 5.Antimycobacterial agents 6.Based on source 7.Based on Chemical structure 2
- 3. 1.Based on mechanism of action A. Cell wall synthesis inhibitor a. Penicillin b. Cephalosporins c. Cycloserine d. Bacitracin e. Vancomycin f. Clotrimazole g. Monobactum 3
- 4. Cell membrane synthesis inhibitor a. Amphoterecin B b. Polymyxin c. Nystatin d. Meconazole 4
- 5. Protein synthesis inhibitor a. Binding with 50s RNA unit- eg.Chloramphenicol,Tetracyclines, Clindamycin, Macrolides b. Binding with 30s RNA unit-eg. Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Spectinomycin c. Inhibiting elongation factor-eg. Fusidic acid 5
- 6. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor a. RNA synthesis inhibitor-eg.Rifamycin ,Rifampicin b. DNA synthesis inhibitor-eg.Quinolones Interfere with intermediary metabolism a. sulfonamide b. Trimethoprim c. Pyrimethamine 6
- 7. 2.Based on therapeutic use/ organisms affected Antibacterial a. Penicillin,, b. Chloramphenicol c. tetracyclines d. Aminoglycosides Antifungal a. AmphotericinB, b. Griseofulvin c. kotoconazole 7
- 8. Antiviral a. Acyclovir b. Idoxuridine c. Vidarabine d. Zidovudine e. Ribavirin Antiprotozoal a. Metronidazole b. Quinapyramine c. Diminazine 8
- 9. Anthelmintics a. Albendazole b. Levamisole c. Niclosamide d. praziquantel Ectoparasiticides a. Cypermethrin b. Lindane c. Amitraz d. Ethion 9
- 10. 3.Based on spectrum of activity Broad spectrum a. Tetracyclines b. Chloramphenicol c. Gentamycin d. Ampicillin Narrow spectrum- a. penicillin G b. Streptomycin c. Erythromycin d. Vencomycin 10
- 11. 4.Based on type of action Bacteriostatics a. Erythromycin b. Sulfonamide c. Trimethoprim d. Clindamycin e. Chloramphenicol Bactericidal a. Penicillin G b. Streptomycin c. Vencomycin d. Bacitracin e. Potentiated sulfonamides f. Cephalexin 11
- 12. 5.Antimycobacterial agents a. Isoneazide b. Paraamino salisyclic acid. 12
- 13. 6.Based on source Funji a. Penicillin G b. Cephalexin c. Griseofulvin Actinomycetes- a. Erythromycin b. Chloramphenicol c. Streptomycin d. Tetracyclines 13
- 14. Bacteria a. PolymyxinB b. Colistin, c. Bacitracin Synthetic a. Sulfonamide b. Trimethoprim c. Quinolones d. Nitrofurans e. Nitroimidazole 14
- 15. 7.Based on Chemical structure a. Sulfonamide group-trimethoprim,ormethoprim baquiloprim b. Diaminopyramidine group- Sulphadimidine,sulphadiazine,sulphanilamide c . Quinolones-nalidixic acid, enrofloxin, ciprofloxin d. Beta lactam antibiotics-Penicillin G,Ampicillin cephalexin Cloxacillin e. Aminoglycosides –Streptomycin gentamycin f. Tetracycline- Tetracycline,Doxycyclines,oxytetracyclines 15
- 16. g. Macrolides-Eryomycin, azithromycin h. Polypeptide antibiotics --Polymyxin B, Colistin,Bacitracin i. Nitrofuran derivatives-Nitrofurantoin,furazolidone j. Nitroimidazoles-Metronidazole, tinidazole k. Polyene antibiotics- AmphotericinB,Nystatin l. Imidazole derivatives-Ketoconazole fluconazole, clotrimazole. 16
- 17. 17