This slide corresponds with Wrench, McCroskey, and Richmond's (2008) Human Communication in Everyday Life: Explanations and Applications published by Allyn and Bacon.

2. Culture A group of people who through a process of learning are able to share perceptions of the world which influences their beliefs, values, norms, and rules, which eventually affect behavior (Wrench, 2001, p.12).

4. Co-Culture Cultural groups not necessarily below or suppressed by the larger culture, but exists inside of a larger culture.

6. The Cultural Context of Communication

7. Intracultural Communication Communication between individuals within the same culture.

8. Intercultural Communication Communication between members of two co-cultures within a larger culture, particularly when the co-culture differences as seen as quite substantial.

9. Cross Cultural Communication Comparisons of communication behaviors across different cultures and the study of specific communication issues on a comparative basis in two or more cultures.

10. International Communication Communication between individuals from different countries often the communication between governmental representatives of different countries.

11. Interethnic Communication Communication between members of more than one ethnic subculture.

12. Interracial Communication Communication between individuals from different racial backgrounds.

13. Cultural Communication Apprehension

19. Unfavorable Aspects of Ethnocentrism

20. Culture Shock Generalized trauma affecting individuals in a new and different culture. - Kalerv Oberg (anthropologist)

23. Stereotyping A generalization about a group based on our perception that a group of people from a culture or co-culture share one or several common characteristics.

25. Prejudice A priori judgments based on stereotypes (Gordon Allport, 1954) The Isms

28. DeVito’s (1994) 5 Steps of Ethnocentrism

29. Equality Level of ethnocentrism where people notice diversity between themselves and others, but see other peoples’ customs and ways of thinking and behaving to be equal to their own.

30. Sensitivity Level of ethnocentrism where people want to understand where individuals in other cultures are “coming from” and decrease the differences between themselves and others if possible.

31. Indifference Level of ethnocentrism where people don’t care about people from other cultures and prefer to communicate only with people like themselves.

32. Avoidance Level of ethnocentrism where people actively avoid and limit communication with people from other cultures to the maximum extent possible.

33. Disparagement Level of ethnocentrism where people have no value for, nor do they respect, the cultures of other people and are often openly and actively hostile towards individuals who belong to other cultures.