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Introduction
Philosophy
to
the
of
Human
Digital Notebook
Person
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Hello!
I’m CireaKaizen…
I'm a student from 11-STEM 9A
at Arellano University.
Welcome to my digital notebook
for the 2nd quarter for the topics of
Introduction to Philosophy
of the Human Person.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Lesson 5: Freedom of the Human Person
Lesson 6: Intersubjectivity
Lesson 7: The Human Person in the Society
Lesson 8: Human Persons as Oriented Towards their Impending Death
here is the list
of the lessons
01
02
03
04
KAIZEN DE VERA
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This lesson highlights freedom from the intellectual, political,
spiritual, and economic aspects.
To be free is a part of humanity’s authenticity.
Freedom of the Human Person
01Lesson 5:
KAIZEN DE VERA
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
did you
know?
Freedom is …
the power or right to act,
speak, or think as one wants
without hindrance or restraint
KAIZEN DE VERA
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
Some names and their
perspectives to remember
Aristotle Thomas Aquinas Jean Paul Sartre Thomas Hobbes Jean Rousseau
Power of
Volition
Love
is
Freedom
Individual
freedom
Theory
Of Social
Contract
Social
Contract
De Vera | 11-STEM 9A
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Power of Volition
● The Power of Volition (the power to make
your own choice or decisions)
● Human being is rational.
● The purpose of human being is to be happy.
● Our will is instrument of our free choice.
― aristotle
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Love is Freedom
● Of all creatures of God, human beings have
the unique power to change themselves and
the things around them for the better.
● Whether we choose to be “good” or “evil”
becomes our responsibility
● Since God is love, then love is the guiding
principle of humanity toward his self
perception and happiness.
― st. thomas aquinas
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Individual Freedom
● The human person builds the road to
the destiny of his/her choosing; he/she
is the creator.
● Existentialism
- freedom, choices, individuality
● He emphasizes the importance of free
individual choice, regardless of the power of
other people to influence and coerce
our desires, beliefs and decision.
― jean paul sartre
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Social Contract Theory
● Social Contract is an agreement where
individuals sacrifice an amount of their
freedom and submit to a higher
authority.
● Hobbes and Rousseou define the
freedom of an individual in the context of
having government to rule them which is
the basis of nation of moral obligation
and duty.
― thomas hobbes
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Social Contract
● Human beings have to form a
community or civil community to
protect themselves from one another.
● Rousseau believes that a
human being is born free and good,
but become bad due to the evil influence
of society, civilization, learning, and
progress.
― jean jacques rousseau
KAIZEN DE VERA
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“Evaluate and Exercise
Prudence in Choices careful good
judgment that allows someone
to avoid danger or risks”
In the spirituality of imperfection, we learn to accept that life,
our environment is both evil and good. We learn to be flexible
and adaptable.
― B. F. Skinner
“
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Ayn Rand
“Choices have Consequences and
some things are given up while others
are obtained in Making Choices.”
● Objectivism (objective reality) individualism
● Mind is important so that the sector that molds it should not be
controlled by the government.
● Same as Aristotle, Rand also believe that thinking is volitional
wherein a person has the freedom to think or not although
for Rand majority belongs to the persons who chosen not to think.
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Ayn Rand
+ According to Rand, individual
freedom should be a aligned with economic
freedom.
There are cases where the Filipino may
adversely affect the social and financial status of
the one moving upward the social ladder.
For instance, the more well-off members of a
family share their gains with their realtives and
friends in need.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
end
of lesson 5
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Intersubjectivity, in philosophy, psychology, sociology,
and anthropology, is the psychological relation between people.
It is usually used in contrast to solipsistic individual experience,
emphasizing our inherently social being.
Intersubjectivity
02Lesson 6:
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Edmund
Husserl
Intersubjectivity, a term originally coined
by the philosopher Edmund Husserl
(1859–1938), is most simply stated as the
interchange of thoughts and feelings,
both conscious and unconscious,
between two persons or “subjects,”
as facilitated by empathy.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Dialogue
a deep and genuine relationship between
persons. It happens when two persons truly
acknowledge each other’s presence and treat
each other as equals.
KAIZEN DE VERA
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
Refers to the world of
experience and sensation
where there are objects.
An individual treats other
things, people as object to
be used and experienced.
“I-it” Martin
Buber
“I-thou”
A Jewish philosopher
I-thou relationship
denoting a relationship in which a
subject (“I”) treats someone or
something else as another unique
subject (“Thou”).
I-it Relationship
Mode (Experience)
Refers to the world of
encounter & relationships
where there are persons.
It is concrete encounter
without any qualification
of one another.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
SLIDESMANIA.COM
did you
know?
Subject is …
● In English Dictionary: a personal experience of an event.
● In Philosophy: something which observes, usually a person
or observer of the same kind.
● Treating a person as important as self.
Object is …
● In English Dictionary: what is being experienced.
● In Philosophy: something metaphysical, real and existing
independent in our perception of it.
● Treating a person as something.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
How will you appreciate
the talents of PWD’s?
We all live in the world surrounded by different people with different
background and personality. Relating with others and setting our
differences is not always an easy task. Despite of these entrirely how will
we appreciate the talents of others especially the PWD ones Here are
some tips on how we will appreciate the talents of PWD's:
• Focus on the person's capabilities. Don't be so focused on
a person's disability that you don't see the person.
• Be respectful.
• Show and give support for their talents.
• Be amazed of who they are instead of what we see.
• Provide fair equality of opportunity.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
end
of lesson 6
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Living in society is a requirement for the human person.
In society, she/he develops his potential in mutual exchange
and service of others. Society groups persons together
organically. It is an assembly (visible and spiritual).
The Human Person in the Society
03Lesson 7:
De Vera | 11-STEM 9A
KAIZEN DE VERA
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
let’s review some facts
The information superhighway that we
know at present gives more focus on
computer hardware, software, and
systems in terms of contribution to society
as the basic tools enabling fast and
efficient transfer of information.
Experts suggested, however that overuse
and exposure to social media platforms
might lead to depression. We tend to
compare others with others in social. With
this comparison, we tend to more
dissatisfied. We need to maintain physical
interaction with our friends and family.
Soren
Kierkegaard
If Soren Kierkegaard is correct, rather than being ourselves,
we tend to conform an image or idea associated with being
a certain type of person.
For him, we are reduced to mediocrity.
This means, fewer people are brave enough to be true.
KAIZEN DE VERA
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Philosophically, or totality,
wholeness, or “complete life” relies
on our social relations.
Aristotle said that friends are two body with one soul.
Interpersonal relationship means nothing if the person uses
people to fill up the emptiness he feels in his life.
“
KAIZEN DE VERA
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
Forms of Societies
Medieval Period Modern Period
Globalization
and Technological
Innovations
Feudalism was the
system in 10th-13th century
European medieval societies
where a social hierarchy
was established based
on local administrative
control and the
distribution of land
into units.
Church was the
strongest single influence
in Europe.
It is an attack on the church
that ruled those ages and
dictated its ideas.
Age of Empiricism - the view
that the origin of all knowledge
is sense, experience and
sensory perception.
Humanism- prefers critical
thinking and evidence
(rationalism, empiricism) over
acceptance of dogma or
superstition.
The Industrial Revolution grew
more powerful each year due
to new inventions and
manufacturing processes that
added to the efficiency of
machines. In part, this is the
acknowledgment of a series of
very important technical
changes and of their
transforming effects on
methods of production.
(500-1500CE) (1500-1800)
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
end
of lesson 7
SLIDESMANIA.COM
This chapter shall evaluate the meaning of life and various
perspectives of human limitations such as death.
Human Persons as Oriented
Towards their Impending Death
04Lesson 8:
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
SLIDESMANIA.COM
what
is death?
The separation of body and soul.
The end of life, the physical
cessation of life.
Plato was thus defined as the end of
a terrestrial life and access to an
ideal world.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Philosophical claims on Death
Traditions in philosophizing Death
Two main camps, strains, or philosophies of death
1. Platonic, which emphasizes personal afterlife and
recommends meditation on death as preparation for this
post mortem experience.
(e.g. Plato, Augustine)
2. Epicurian, which casts doubt upon personal afterlife and
encourages becoming desentized to death.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Philosophical claims on Death
Socrates didn’t think we could know if there’s an
afterlife or not, but he thought there were really only
two possibilities.
Death is either:
Dreamless Sleep
(nice, not scary, could use the rest)
Passage to another life
(get to hang out with cool people from the past who have
already died)
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Martin
Heidegger
The German philosopher Martin Heidegger provides an
enlightening definition of death. For him, death is the possibility of
the impossibility of all other possibilities. When the human person
dies the possibility of doing what he/she intends to do becomes
impossible because he can no longer actualize his plan
because everything already ended due to death.
The human being, Heidegger says, always has
possibilities as long as he/she is alive. He/She is always
open to so many possibilities as long he is living on this world.
One of these many possibilities of the human being is no other
than death. Death is a possibility not because it may or it may not
happen, but because it will happen in the future.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
SLIDESMANIA.COM
Forms of Suffering
Physical Suffering Spiritual Dryness
Mental Suffering
It comes from
experiencing physical
sensation such as
discomfort, hunger,
distress and pain. These
are often caused by injury,
disease and the lack of
basic needs.
It involves difficulty and
disinterest in relating to
God due to some personal
experiences which leads
the person to question the
existence and belief in
God. The more that one
suffers in his/her spiritual
life, he more that he/she
must devote time In
connecting to God.
lt involves emotional and
mental states such as
depression, anxiety, fear
and loneliness and grief.
These may be caused by
unexpected situations in
life such as sudden
changes in lifestyle, loss of
employment, stressful
situations and grief
caused by the death of
loved one.
KAIZEN DE VERA
SLIDESMANIA.COM
end
of lesson 8
SLIDESMANIA.COM
END
― Cirea Kaizen T. De Vera

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PHILOSOPHY.pdf

  • 2. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Hello! I’m CireaKaizen… I'm a student from 11-STEM 9A at Arellano University. Welcome to my digital notebook for the 2nd quarter for the topics of Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 3. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Lesson 5: Freedom of the Human Person Lesson 6: Intersubjectivity Lesson 7: The Human Person in the Society Lesson 8: Human Persons as Oriented Towards their Impending Death here is the list of the lessons 01 02 03 04 KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 4. SLIDESMANIA.COM This lesson highlights freedom from the intellectual, political, spiritual, and economic aspects. To be free is a part of humanity’s authenticity. Freedom of the Human Person 01Lesson 5: KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 5. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM did you know? Freedom is … the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 6. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Some names and their perspectives to remember Aristotle Thomas Aquinas Jean Paul Sartre Thomas Hobbes Jean Rousseau Power of Volition Love is Freedom Individual freedom Theory Of Social Contract Social Contract De Vera | 11-STEM 9A KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 7. SLIDESMANIA.COM Power of Volition ● The Power of Volition (the power to make your own choice or decisions) ● Human being is rational. ● The purpose of human being is to be happy. ● Our will is instrument of our free choice. ― aristotle KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 8. SLIDESMANIA.COM Love is Freedom ● Of all creatures of God, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and the things around them for the better. ● Whether we choose to be “good” or “evil” becomes our responsibility ● Since God is love, then love is the guiding principle of humanity toward his self perception and happiness. ― st. thomas aquinas KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 9. SLIDESMANIA.COM Individual Freedom ● The human person builds the road to the destiny of his/her choosing; he/she is the creator. ● Existentialism - freedom, choices, individuality ● He emphasizes the importance of free individual choice, regardless of the power of other people to influence and coerce our desires, beliefs and decision. ― jean paul sartre KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 10. SLIDESMANIA.COM Social Contract Theory ● Social Contract is an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority. ● Hobbes and Rousseou define the freedom of an individual in the context of having government to rule them which is the basis of nation of moral obligation and duty. ― thomas hobbes KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 11. SLIDESMANIA.COM Social Contract ● Human beings have to form a community or civil community to protect themselves from one another. ● Rousseau believes that a human being is born free and good, but become bad due to the evil influence of society, civilization, learning, and progress. ― jean jacques rousseau KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 12. SLIDESMANIA.COM “Evaluate and Exercise Prudence in Choices careful good judgment that allows someone to avoid danger or risks” In the spirituality of imperfection, we learn to accept that life, our environment is both evil and good. We learn to be flexible and adaptable. ― B. F. Skinner “ KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 13. SLIDESMANIA.COM Ayn Rand “Choices have Consequences and some things are given up while others are obtained in Making Choices.” ● Objectivism (objective reality) individualism ● Mind is important so that the sector that molds it should not be controlled by the government. ● Same as Aristotle, Rand also believe that thinking is volitional wherein a person has the freedom to think or not although for Rand majority belongs to the persons who chosen not to think. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 14. SLIDESMANIA.COM Ayn Rand + According to Rand, individual freedom should be a aligned with economic freedom. There are cases where the Filipino may adversely affect the social and financial status of the one moving upward the social ladder. For instance, the more well-off members of a family share their gains with their realtives and friends in need. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 16. SLIDESMANIA.COM Intersubjectivity, in philosophy, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, is the psychological relation between people. It is usually used in contrast to solipsistic individual experience, emphasizing our inherently social being. Intersubjectivity 02Lesson 6: KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 17. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Edmund Husserl Intersubjectivity, a term originally coined by the philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), is most simply stated as the interchange of thoughts and feelings, both conscious and unconscious, between two persons or “subjects,” as facilitated by empathy. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 18. SLIDESMANIA.COM Dialogue a deep and genuine relationship between persons. It happens when two persons truly acknowledge each other’s presence and treat each other as equals. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 19. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Refers to the world of experience and sensation where there are objects. An individual treats other things, people as object to be used and experienced. “I-it” Martin Buber “I-thou” A Jewish philosopher I-thou relationship denoting a relationship in which a subject (“I”) treats someone or something else as another unique subject (“Thou”). I-it Relationship Mode (Experience) Refers to the world of encounter & relationships where there are persons. It is concrete encounter without any qualification of one another. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 20. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM did you know? Subject is … ● In English Dictionary: a personal experience of an event. ● In Philosophy: something which observes, usually a person or observer of the same kind. ● Treating a person as important as self. Object is … ● In English Dictionary: what is being experienced. ● In Philosophy: something metaphysical, real and existing independent in our perception of it. ● Treating a person as something. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 21. SLIDESMANIA.COM How will you appreciate the talents of PWD’s? We all live in the world surrounded by different people with different background and personality. Relating with others and setting our differences is not always an easy task. Despite of these entrirely how will we appreciate the talents of others especially the PWD ones Here are some tips on how we will appreciate the talents of PWD's: • Focus on the person's capabilities. Don't be so focused on a person's disability that you don't see the person. • Be respectful. • Show and give support for their talents. • Be amazed of who they are instead of what we see. • Provide fair equality of opportunity. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 23. SLIDESMANIA.COM Living in society is a requirement for the human person. In society, she/he develops his potential in mutual exchange and service of others. Society groups persons together organically. It is an assembly (visible and spiritual). The Human Person in the Society 03Lesson 7: De Vera | 11-STEM 9A KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 24. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM let’s review some facts The information superhighway that we know at present gives more focus on computer hardware, software, and systems in terms of contribution to society as the basic tools enabling fast and efficient transfer of information. Experts suggested, however that overuse and exposure to social media platforms might lead to depression. We tend to compare others with others in social. With this comparison, we tend to more dissatisfied. We need to maintain physical interaction with our friends and family. Soren Kierkegaard If Soren Kierkegaard is correct, rather than being ourselves, we tend to conform an image or idea associated with being a certain type of person. For him, we are reduced to mediocrity. This means, fewer people are brave enough to be true. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 25. SLIDESMANIA.COM Philosophically, or totality, wholeness, or “complete life” relies on our social relations. Aristotle said that friends are two body with one soul. Interpersonal relationship means nothing if the person uses people to fill up the emptiness he feels in his life. “ KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 26. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Forms of Societies Medieval Period Modern Period Globalization and Technological Innovations Feudalism was the system in 10th-13th century European medieval societies where a social hierarchy was established based on local administrative control and the distribution of land into units. Church was the strongest single influence in Europe. It is an attack on the church that ruled those ages and dictated its ideas. Age of Empiricism - the view that the origin of all knowledge is sense, experience and sensory perception. Humanism- prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The Industrial Revolution grew more powerful each year due to new inventions and manufacturing processes that added to the efficiency of machines. In part, this is the acknowledgment of a series of very important technical changes and of their transforming effects on methods of production. (500-1500CE) (1500-1800) KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 28. SLIDESMANIA.COM This chapter shall evaluate the meaning of life and various perspectives of human limitations such as death. Human Persons as Oriented Towards their Impending Death 04Lesson 8: KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 29. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM what is death? The separation of body and soul. The end of life, the physical cessation of life. Plato was thus defined as the end of a terrestrial life and access to an ideal world. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 30. SLIDESMANIA.COM Philosophical claims on Death Traditions in philosophizing Death Two main camps, strains, or philosophies of death 1. Platonic, which emphasizes personal afterlife and recommends meditation on death as preparation for this post mortem experience. (e.g. Plato, Augustine) 2. Epicurian, which casts doubt upon personal afterlife and encourages becoming desentized to death. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 31. SLIDESMANIA.COM Philosophical claims on Death Socrates didn’t think we could know if there’s an afterlife or not, but he thought there were really only two possibilities. Death is either: Dreamless Sleep (nice, not scary, could use the rest) Passage to another life (get to hang out with cool people from the past who have already died) KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 32. SLIDESMANIA.COM Martin Heidegger The German philosopher Martin Heidegger provides an enlightening definition of death. For him, death is the possibility of the impossibility of all other possibilities. When the human person dies the possibility of doing what he/she intends to do becomes impossible because he can no longer actualize his plan because everything already ended due to death. The human being, Heidegger says, always has possibilities as long as he/she is alive. He/She is always open to so many possibilities as long he is living on this world. One of these many possibilities of the human being is no other than death. Death is a possibility not because it may or it may not happen, but because it will happen in the future. KAIZEN DE VERA
  • 33. SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM Forms of Suffering Physical Suffering Spiritual Dryness Mental Suffering It comes from experiencing physical sensation such as discomfort, hunger, distress and pain. These are often caused by injury, disease and the lack of basic needs. It involves difficulty and disinterest in relating to God due to some personal experiences which leads the person to question the existence and belief in God. The more that one suffers in his/her spiritual life, he more that he/she must devote time In connecting to God. lt involves emotional and mental states such as depression, anxiety, fear and loneliness and grief. These may be caused by unexpected situations in life such as sudden changes in lifestyle, loss of employment, stressful situations and grief caused by the death of loved one. KAIZEN DE VERA