Natural methods of contraception

1. NATURAL METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION
PASUPULETI JAHNAVI

2. NATURAL METHODS
 ABSTINENCE DURING THE FERTILE PHASE
 WITHDRAWAL METHOD (COITUS INTERRUPTUS)
 BREASTFEEDING (LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA
METHOD)

3. ABSTINENCE DURING THE FERTILE PHASE
 FERTILITY AWARENESS MEANS THE WOMAN
LEARNS TO KNOW WHEN THE FERTILE TIME STARTS
AND WHEN IT ENDS
 THE FERTILE PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE CAN
BE PREDICTED IN VARIOUS WAYS

4.  THEY INCLUDE:
1. THE RHYTHM METHOD
2. CALENDAR METHOD
3. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
4. TEMPERATURE METHOD
5. PERSONA
6. SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD

5. THE RHYTHM METHOD
 IN A 28-DAY CYCLE, OVULATION USUALLY OCCURS ON THE
14TH DAY OF CYCLE( 12TH-16TH DAY)
 SO INTERCOURSE BETWEEN 11TH AND 17TH DAY MAY RESULT
IN A PREGNANCY
 SAFE PERIOD: 1ST DAY OF MENSTRUAL PERIOD TO 10TH DAY
OF CYCLE AND FROM 18TH TO 28TH DAY
 RISK PERIOD: 3 DAYS BEFORE OVULATION TO 3 DAYS AFTER
OVULATION

6. CALENDAR METHOD
 KNAUS-OGINO METHOD
 SUBTRACTING 18 DAYS FROM THE SHORTEST CYCLE AND 10
DAYS FROM THE LONGEST CYCLE: 1ST AND LAST DAY OF
FERTILE PERIOD, RESPECTIVELY
 FAILURE RATE: 25 PER 100 WOMAN YEARS

7. STANDARD BEAD METHOD
 A COUPLE CAN USE THIS METHOD IF THE WOMAN HAS
MENSTRUAL CYCLES OF 26-32 DAYS LONG
 CYCLOBEADS ARE A STRING OF COLOURED BEADS THAT
REPRESENT THE WOMAN’S MENSTRUAL CYCLE
 THE WOMAN MOVES A RING EVERYDAY ALONG THE
NECKLACE TO KNOW IF SHE IS ON A DAY WHEN SHE CAN
GET PREGNANT (WHITE BEADS) OR NOT (BROWN BEADS)

9. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
 BILLINGS OR OVULATION METHOD THE PROPERTIES OF CERVICAL
MUCUS CHANGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE OVARIAN HORMONES
ON DIFFERENT DAYS OF THE CYCLE
 OESTROGEN INFLUENCE: MUCUS IS THIN, WATERY, ABUNDANT AND
ELASTIC MUCUS CAN BE STRETCHED BETWEEN FINGERS (SPINNBARKEIT)
 PROGESTERONE INFLUENCE: MUCUS IS THICK, SCANTY, VISCOUS MUCUS
CANNOT BE STRETCHED BETWEEN FINGERS

11.  INTERCOURSE IS CONSIDERED SAFE DURING THE
‘DRY DAYS’ IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE MENSES UNTIL
MUCUS IS DETECTED
 THEREAFTER, THE COUPLE MUST ABSTAIN UNTIL
THE 4TH DAY AFTER THE ‘PEAK DAY’

12. TEMPERATURE METHOD
 PROGESTERONE EXERTS A THERMOGENIC EFFECT ON THE
BODY
 THE BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE OF THE WOMAN IS
RECORDED DAILY AFTER WAKING UP IN THE MORNING AND
PLOTTED GRAPHICALLY
 BBT CHART WILL BE BIPHASIC IN AN OVULATORY CYCLE
 DAY OF TEMPERATURE SHIFT INDICATES TIME OF
OVULATION

14.  SAFE PERIOD: FIRST 4 DAYS OF CYCLE AND FROM
4TH DAY AFTER ↑ IN BBT TILL END OF CYCLE
 UNSAFE PERIOD: FROM 5TH DAY OF CYCLE TO ↑ IN
BBT TILL 3 DAYS AFTER IT

15. PERSONA
 A MICROCOMPUTER IS ATTACHED TO A MICROLABORATORY,
WHICH MEASURES LEVELS OF OESTRONE-3-GLUCURONIDE
AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE MORNING URINE
 A TEST STICK IN THE URINE
- GREEN LIGHT: CONCEPTION UNLIKELY
- RED LIGHT: FERTILE PERIOD
 FAILURE RATE: 6 PER 100 WOMAN YEAR

16. SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD
 IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE AS IT INVOLVES BOTH THE CERVICAL
MUCUS METHOD AND THE TEMPERATURE METHOD
 1ST DAY OF ABSTINENCE: EITHER BY SUBTRACTING 21 FROM
SHORTEST MENSTRUAL CYCLE( PRECEEDING 6 MONTHS) OR
1ST DAY CERVICAL MUCUS IS DETECTED, WHICHEVER COMES
FIRST
 END OF FERTILE PERIOD BY BBT CHART

17. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• NO CONTRAINDICATIONS
• NO SYSTEMIC SIDE EFFECTS
• NO NEED FOR MEDICAL PROCEDURES
• HIGH FAILURE RATE
• NO PROTECTION AGAINST STDs
INCLUDING HIV
• MOTIVATION REQUIRED
• NOT RECOMMENDED IN WOMEN
WHO HAVE:
- IRREGULAR CYCLES OR
MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS
- PERSISTENT REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
INFECTIONS

18. WITHDRAWAL METHOD
 COMMON AMONG MARRIED COUPLES
 COITUS TAKES PLACE IN A NORMAL MANNER BUT PENIS IS
WITHDRAWN JUST BEFORE EJACULATION
 FAILURE RATE: 25 PER 100 WOMAN YEARS
 DUE TO PROSTATIC FLUID SECRETED PRIOR TO
EJACULATION WHICH CONTAINS ACTIVE SPERMATOZOA
 CAUSES GREAT MENTAL STRESS UPON THE HUSBAND AND
CONSIDERABLE ANXIETY

19. LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA
 REGULAR BREASTFEEDING WITH AT LEAST ONE FEED AT NIGHT IS SHOWN TO
PREVENT PREGNANCY FOR INITIAL 6 MONTHS AFTER DELIVERY
INCREASED PROLACTIN
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK ON GnRH
DECREASE IN LH AND FSH
NO OVULATION

20.  CONSIDERED AS THE BEST NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
METHOD
 OVULATION RESUMES:
-EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING FEMALE: 6 MONTHS
-NON BREASTFEEDING / PARTIALLY
BREASTFEEDING FEMALES: 6 WEEKS
FREQUENCY MORE IMPORTANT THAN DURATION OF FEED