This document discusses several natural methods of contraception including abstinence during the fertile phase of a woman's menstrual cycle, withdrawal method, and breastfeeding. It provides details on predicting the fertile phase using the rhythm method, calendar method, cervical mucus method, temperature method, and symptothermal method. Advantages of natural methods include no medical procedures or side effects, but disadvantages include high failure rates and lack of protection against STDs.

1. NATURAL METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION
PASUPULETI JAHNAVI

2. NATURAL METHODS
 ABSTINENCE DURING THE FERTILE PHASE
 WITHDRAWAL METHOD (COITUS INTERRUPTUS)
 BREASTFEEDING (LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA
METHOD)

3. ABSTINENCE DURING THE FERTILE PHASE
 FERTILITY AWARENESS MEANS THE WOMAN
LEARNS TO KNOW WHEN THE FERTILE TIME STARTS
AND WHEN IT ENDS
 THE FERTILE PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE CAN
BE PREDICTED IN VARIOUS WAYS

4.  THEY INCLUDE:
1. THE RHYTHM METHOD
2. CALENDAR METHOD
3. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
4. TEMPERATURE METHOD
5. PERSONA
6. SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD

5. THE RHYTHM METHOD
 IN A 28-DAY CYCLE, OVULATION USUALLY OCCURS ON THE
14TH DAY OF CYCLE( 12TH-16TH DAY)
 SO INTERCOURSE BETWEEN 11TH AND 17TH DAY MAY RESULT
IN A PREGNANCY
 SAFE PERIOD: 1ST DAY OF MENSTRUAL PERIOD TO 10TH DAY
OF CYCLE AND FROM 18TH TO 28TH DAY
 RISK PERIOD: 3 DAYS BEFORE OVULATION TO 3 DAYS AFTER
OVULATION

6. CALENDAR METHOD
 KNAUS-OGINO METHOD
 SUBTRACTING 18 DAYS FROM THE SHORTEST CYCLE AND 10
DAYS FROM THE LONGEST CYCLE: 1ST AND LAST DAY OF
FERTILE PERIOD, RESPECTIVELY
 FAILURE RATE: 25 PER 100 WOMAN YEARS

7. STANDARD BEAD METHOD
 A COUPLE CAN USE THIS METHOD IF THE WOMAN HAS
MENSTRUAL CYCLES OF 26-32 DAYS LONG
 CYCLOBEADS ARE A STRING OF COLOURED BEADS THAT
REPRESENT THE WOMAN’S MENSTRUAL CYCLE
 THE WOMAN MOVES A RING EVERYDAY ALONG THE
NECKLACE TO KNOW IF SHE IS ON A DAY WHEN SHE CAN
GET PREGNANT (WHITE BEADS) OR NOT (BROWN BEADS)

9. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
 BILLINGS OR OVULATION METHOD THE PROPERTIES OF CERVICAL
MUCUS CHANGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE OVARIAN HORMONES
ON DIFFERENT DAYS OF THE CYCLE
 OESTROGEN INFLUENCE: MUCUS IS THIN, WATERY, ABUNDANT AND
ELASTIC MUCUS CAN BE STRETCHED BETWEEN FINGERS (SPINNBARKEIT)
 PROGESTERONE INFLUENCE: MUCUS IS THICK, SCANTY, VISCOUS MUCUS
CANNOT BE STRETCHED BETWEEN FINGERS

11.  INTERCOURSE IS CONSIDERED SAFE DURING THE
‘DRY DAYS’ IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE MENSES UNTIL
MUCUS IS DETECTED
 THEREAFTER, THE COUPLE MUST ABSTAIN UNTIL
THE 4TH DAY AFTER THE ‘PEAK DAY’

12. TEMPERATURE METHOD
 PROGESTERONE EXERTS A THERMOGENIC EFFECT ON THE
BODY
 THE BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE OF THE WOMAN IS
RECORDED DAILY AFTER WAKING UP IN THE MORNING AND
PLOTTED GRAPHICALLY
 BBT CHART WILL BE BIPHASIC IN AN OVULATORY CYCLE
 DAY OF TEMPERATURE SHIFT INDICATES TIME OF
OVULATION

14.  SAFE PERIOD: FIRST 4 DAYS OF CYCLE AND FROM
4TH DAY AFTER ↑ IN BBT TILL END OF CYCLE
 UNSAFE PERIOD: FROM 5TH DAY OF CYCLE TO ↑ IN
BBT TILL 3 DAYS AFTER IT

15. PERSONA
 A MICROCOMPUTER IS ATTACHED TO A MICROLABORATORY,
WHICH MEASURES LEVELS OF OESTRONE-3-GLUCURONIDE
AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE MORNING URINE
 A TEST STICK IN THE URINE
- GREEN LIGHT: CONCEPTION UNLIKELY
- RED LIGHT: FERTILE PERIOD
 FAILURE RATE: 6 PER 100 WOMAN YEAR

16. SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD
 IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE AS IT INVOLVES BOTH THE CERVICAL
MUCUS METHOD AND THE TEMPERATURE METHOD
 1ST DAY OF ABSTINENCE: EITHER BY SUBTRACTING 21 FROM
SHORTEST MENSTRUAL CYCLE( PRECEEDING 6 MONTHS) OR
1ST DAY CERVICAL MUCUS IS DETECTED, WHICHEVER COMES
FIRST
 END OF FERTILE PERIOD BY BBT CHART

17. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• NO CONTRAINDICATIONS
• NO SYSTEMIC SIDE EFFECTS
• NO NEED FOR MEDICAL PROCEDURES
• HIGH FAILURE RATE
• NO PROTECTION AGAINST STDs
INCLUDING HIV
• MOTIVATION REQUIRED
• NOT RECOMMENDED IN WOMEN
WHO HAVE:
- IRREGULAR CYCLES OR
MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS
- PERSISTENT REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
INFECTIONS

18. WITHDRAWAL METHOD
 COMMON AMONG MARRIED COUPLES
 COITUS TAKES PLACE IN A NORMAL MANNER BUT PENIS IS
WITHDRAWN JUST BEFORE EJACULATION
 FAILURE RATE: 25 PER 100 WOMAN YEARS
 DUE TO PROSTATIC FLUID SECRETED PRIOR TO
EJACULATION WHICH CONTAINS ACTIVE SPERMATOZOA
 CAUSES GREAT MENTAL STRESS UPON THE HUSBAND AND
CONSIDERABLE ANXIETY

19. LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA
 REGULAR BREASTFEEDING WITH AT LEAST ONE FEED AT NIGHT IS SHOWN TO
PREVENT PREGNANCY FOR INITIAL 6 MONTHS AFTER DELIVERY
INCREASED PROLACTIN
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK ON GnRH
DECREASE IN LH AND FSH
NO OVULATION

20.  CONSIDERED AS THE BEST NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
METHOD
 OVULATION RESUMES:
-EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING FEMALE: 6 MONTHS
-NON BREASTFEEDING / PARTIALLY
BREASTFEEDING FEMALES: 6 WEEKS
FREQUENCY MORE IMPORTANT THAN DURATION OF FEED