2. Edward Lee Thorndike
(E.L. Thorndike)
A psychologist
Connectionism
Law of Readiness
Law of Exercise
Law of Effect
“puzzle box”
3. LAW OF EFFECT
(behavior that is followed
by pleasant consequences
is likely to be repeated,
and behavior followed by
unpleasant consequences
is less likely to be
repeated)
4. Burrhus Frederick Skinner
(B.F. Skinner)
A psychologist, writer,
and inventor
Graduated in Hamilton
College
Completed his masters
and doctorate in Harvard
University
6. Behavior which is reinforced tends to be repeated (i.e., strengthened);
Behavior which is not reinforced tends to die out-or be extinguished
(i.e., weakened).
7. REINFORCEMENT – results that makes us want to
repeat a behavior.
PUNISHMENT – results that makes us NOT want to
repeat behavior.
Study hard?
Good grades are
Positive reinforcement.
Didn’t study?
Bad grades are
Positive punishment.
12. PRIMARY when a reward strengths
REINFORCEMENT a behavior by itself.
when something strengthens a
behavior because it leads to a
primary reinforce.
SECONDARY
REINFORCEMENT
13. RESPONSE RATE
“the rate at which
the rat pressed the
lever ”
EXTINCTION
RATE
“the rate at which
lever pressing dies
out ”
15. Continuous
Reinforcement Schedule
(CRF)
The subject learns that
the result of their
actions will always be
the same.
Partial Reinforcement
Schedule (PR)
Instead of responding every
time a person behaves in a
particular way, partial
reinforcement involves
rewarding behavior only on
some occasions.
16. Fixed Ratio Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio Variable Interval
BONUS! =
Salary
every 15th or
last day of
the month
Pop quiz!
Slot machine
21. Fixed Ratio Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio Variable Interval
BONUS! =
Salary
every 15th or
last day of
the month
Pop quiz!
Slot machine
22. SATIATION
“the degree of need”
IMMEDIACY
“the time elapsed between
the desired behavior and
the reinforcement”
23. CONTINGENCY
“to be most effective,
reinforcement should
occur consistently
after responses and
not at other times”
SIZE
“the magnitude of
a reward or punishment
can have a big effect on
the degree of response”
24. Shaping is a conditioning method much
used in animal training and in teaching
nonverbal humans. It depends on operant
variability and reinforcement.
SHAPING
39. McLeod, S. A. (2018). “Skinner – Operant Conditionig”.
Retrieved from Simply Psychology, on June 19, 2019,
https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-
conditioning.html
Singson, Malyn (2014). “B.F. Skinner’s Operant
Conditioning”. Retrieved from Slideshare, on June 19,
2019, https://www.slideshare.net/Nenemane/operant-
conditioning-32341805
40. Georgi, Sam (2015). “Operant Conditioning”. Retrieved
from Slideshare, on June 19,2019,
https://www.slideshare.net/srgeorgi/operant-
conditioning-46411159