Plants are classified as multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize for food. They evolved from green algae and are divided into nonvascular and vascular groups. Vascular plants are further divided into gymnosperms like pine trees and angiosperms like roses. Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots. Flowers contain male pollen-producing parts and female ovule-producing parts to sexually reproduce through mutualistic relationships with pollinators.

1. The Plant Kingdom
SOL 5.5: Kingdoms of Living Things

2. Plant Classification
• Domain: Eukaryota
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Cell type: eukaryotic
• Cell number: multicellular
• Feeding: autotrophic
(photosynthesis)
• Reproduction: sexual (seeds)

3. Plant Classification
• Plants evolved from green algae
(protists)
• They are first classified as
– Nonvascular – short plants with no
transport tissue (like veins), e.g.
moss
– Vascular – taller plants with veins,
e.g. trees
• Xylem – veins for water
• Phloem – veins for food

4. Non-Vascular
• Moss

5. Non-Vascular
• Liverwort

6. Non-Vascular
• Fern

7. Non-Vascular
• Hornwort

8. Vascular
• American dogwood tree

9. Vascular
• Roses

10. Vascular
• Grass

11. Plant Classification
• Vascular Plants can further be
classified as
– Gymnosperms – cone bearing
plants, e.g. pine trees
– Angiosperms – flowering plants,
e.g. roses

12. Plant Classification
• Angiosperms are classified as
– Monocots: flowering plants with
parallel veins and petals in
multiples of 3, e.g. Tulip
– Dicots: flowering plants with
branching veins and petals in
multiples of 4 or 5, e.g. Rose
• Regardless of type, flowers are
great for sexual reproduction.
Flowers attract animals that can
help pollinate the plant.

13. Photosynthesis
• Plant cells produce their own
food through a process called
photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis allows plants to
convert light energy into food
energy.

14. Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
Each flower has both male and female parts.
Male parts produce pollen while female parts
produce ovules. Pollen + Ovule = Seed. Fruits
sometimes grow from the swollen ovary as a
means to transport seeds.

15. Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts
Flowers form mutualistic symbiotic
relationships with pollinators like insects and
birds. Plants attract them with petals and
create a nectar the pollinators eat. In return
the pollinators carry pollen to other plants.

16. Plant Cell
nucleus
cell wall
cell membrane
vacuoles
chloroplasts
cytoplasm

17. SOL Released Test Items