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CitizensOfToday
1. FUTURE CITIES
ANKIT SAHA
MALAY TRIPATHI
SHUBHAM BAJPAI
SHUBHAM DWIVEDEE
YASH MITTAL
(JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, SOLAN)
Ensuring world class civic amenities in urban India
1
3. Every 1 minute – 30 rural people leave for urban shores. At this rate – 500 new
cities are required within next 20 years.
Sources: nationmaster.com, Mercer's Report 2012, World Bank report 2010, McKinsey Global Institute Report 2010, Accenture-New Waves of Growth, Accenture-India Expansion
Why do people migrate?
• To get employed, availability of jobs - 70% of new jobs to be in cities
by 2030. 270mn people net increase in working population.
• For better quality of life since an urban area has more amenities.
Infrastructure Requirements
• $ 1.2tn capital investment necessary
• 700-900mn sq. metres commercial & residential space required
• 2.5bn sq. metres of roads needed
• 7400 kms. of metros and subways to be constructed
How Country Benefits?
• Potential to grow at 8.7% instead of projected 7.8% over next 10 yrs.
This means extra $ 244.4bn of GDP by 2020 and 37.5mn new jobs.
• Equivalent to Rs. 7700 in GDP per capita($ 171.1)
• Economy to grow from $ 1.5tn to $ 3.2tn
Statistics and
Projections
• Current urban population: 28%
• Urban population in 2015: 33.5%
• Urban Population Growth: 2.32%(2010)
• Between 2010 and 2030 – additional 250mn people to join urban habitats
• 68 cities by 2030 with a population > 1mn – up from 42 now
• Urban India to drive 4x increase in average national income
• 200mn people living in close proximity to cities to benefit through
increased access to markets, jobs, and cities’ infrastructure.
• India’s workforce to become largest in next 15 years.
3
5. 5 Housing
• Ever increasing capital values of land and properties make it hard for property
developers to maintain the same value and low cost.
• If housing projects are to target specific segment of buyers like LIGs, their
identification and marking would be a challenging task.
• Majority of Indians have 10 ft x 10 ft or less for living – average 117 sq ft urban space.
Problems
Faced
Affordable Homes
• Encourage real estate developers to
start projects in affordable segment
across Indian cities with houses
priced between INR 5-10 lakhs.
• Reduce Delays in project approvals,
which costs 25 to 30 % additional
cost
• Educate and train workers to meet
skilled manpower demand in real
estate sector.
• Support micro mortgage financing
mechanisms to enable informal
sector and self-employed population
of LIG & EWS segments in availing
house loans.
Eco-Friendly
• Make use of solar power for
electricity requirements in houses,
street lighting, and common
appliances.
• Incorporate rain-water harvesting,
vermin-composting, recycling plants,
100% sewage recycling systems to
create environment-friendly homes.
• Leave ample open space and grow
plants and trees in vicinity to
establish greener living societies.
• Use non-toxic, recyclable, rapidly
renewable plant materials like straw,
bamboo, recycled metal & stone for
building construction.
Measures
• Improve land planning & utilization
by identifying dedicated zones for
urban housing development in cities.
• Give incentives to private real estate
players – allow them access to cheap
land, award higher FSI, subsidize
costs of construction, and assist in
securing home loans for buyers.
• Increase penetration of social rental
housing in urban areas and enforce
strong rental management network.
• Make use of innovative and low-cost
technologies like pre-fab materials &
precast concrete, which increase
efficiency and reduce labour costs.
For 295 mn migrants to urban areas until 2030 – it is estimated that at least 150 mn new residential
houses of various sizes are required.
For urban growth between 2012-2017, at least 19 mn houses are needed – out of this, 96% is meant for
Lower Income Groups (LIGs), and Economically Weaker Sections(EWS).
Solutions
Sources: KPMG-Urban Housing Shortage in India, Image-IBM Smarter Building
6. Energy and Power
Electricity serves as the key ingredient for the socio-economic development of a city.
Since about two-thirds of the global energy consumption occurs in cities, an energy
efficient and sustainable power supply is greatly needed to meet the requirements.
Issues
•Inadequate power generation methods in practice that are incapable of
meeting the power requirement of the rapidly growing civilizations.
•Poor transmission techniques result in high loss of energy.
•Exploitation of non-renewable energy resources that are responsible for risking
sustainable development as well as disturbing the environmental norms.
Solutions
Worlds primary energy consumption in quadrillion
Source: “International Energy Statistics” by Energy
Information Administration, 5 June 2013.
At Production and Transmission Level
• Convenient methods to be used for power generation
that can be aided by geographical conditions of the area
where it is being implemented. For example: wind, solar,
hydropower and biomass energy could come in handy.
• More emphasis should be given on setting up effective
and safe nuclear power plants instead of coal power
plants.
• Low loss power transmission can be achieved by
implementing high-voltage, direct current transmission.
• Street lights and traffic lights can be designed to run on
solar power.
• Speed breakers on roads can be installed with energy
storing pistons, this (stored potential)energy can be
utilized further.
Renewable Energy Sources
• Harvesting solar and wind
energy for meeting daily power
requirements.
• Biomass energy can be
generated locally and used for
cooking purposes.
• Use of hydrogen fuel cells can
be used as an alternative for
fossil fuels.
Sources: Siemens, World Energy Consumption Report-Wikipedia, Energy Information Administration
6
7. Water is second most important need for our existence next to oxygen. Poor management, unclear laws and
pollution of fresh water resources have lead to India’s water crisis. Water Distribution System in an area must
balance competing demands between rich and poor, the economy and the environment.
• Pollution of fresh water resources like river & groundwater due to poor management of sewage & industrial waste
• Unaccounted wastage of water in home and other usage activities.
• Wastage and pollution of water during transportation to homes and industries.
• Depletion of ground water table due to over pumping.
• Lack of ability to harvest and store potable water. e.g. Rain water in cities flows through drains and not stored or
allowed to seep through the soil.
Issues
Solutions
Groundwater Safety &
Renewal
• Roofs of size > 2000 ft must
have a rain water harvesting
system that pumps water to
ground.
• The sewage tanks & pipelines
must have cemented chamber
in order to prevent any
percolation to ground.
• The citizens near industries
must make an agreement with
the nearby industries to share
the cost of network to replenish
ground water.
Stopping Wastage And
Pollution Of Water
• Each and every building must have a metered
water supply connection.
• Non revenue water from wells and bore wells
must be penalized and charged.
• Use of uPVC pipes must be done as they are
corrosion free, has excellent hydraulic
characteristics, and resistant to breakage
because of its flexibility, thus preventing loss
due to leakage.
• Losses in canals, treatment, distribution, &
recovery must be minimized. Water should be
transported in pipes instead of canals and while
distributing pipes must be used.
General Solutions
• Reduction in raw water
transmission losses.
• Flow meters must be installed
for leak detection.
• Tariff must involve cost recovery
and maintenance charges with
the cost of water supply.
• Penalty/Bonus for
Unaccountable flow of
water(UFW), Quality of
customer services, and
continuation of supply.
Water Supply and Treatment
Sources: CDP-Delhi Report, Nagpur City Water Supply Model Report
7
8. Transportation
• Motorization is growing faster than the population (more than 10% per year for sale of
cars & 2/3 wheelers over the past 5 years)
• Transportation uses 27% of our energy resources which puts heavy pressure on the
already declining energy resources
• Construction of mass transit systems requires huge energy and monetary investment
Issues
Transportation forms the backbone of any economic development. From creating employment, evolving
trade & business, bringing people together, transportation plays a big role in the development of a city.
Traffic Management
• 2 centre model of controlling
the traffic so as to provide
backup in case of failure.
• Software & algorithms designed
to control the city’s traffic,
based on data fed to them by
various devices such as CCTV
cameras etc.
• Floating Car Data (FCD)
technology can be incorporated
which allows official vehicles to
act as sensors for continuous,
real-time recording of current
traffic situation and to form the
core of traffic data acquisition.
Solutions
Roadways
• CNG driven vehicles are one of
the best solutions to the
economic and environmental
problems in a transportation
system.
• Segregated cycle facilities
consisting of separately
marked lanes for cyclists.
• More research and
implementation in the field of
electric automobiles.
• Development of freeways and
expressways to ease the
pressure on the roads.
Airways
• Two airport model – one for
passengers and one for cargo.
• Airports to be developed having
proper facilities and infrastructure.
• AAI responsible for the connectivity
to the airport via means of different
forms of transport.
• Research in the field of developing
carriers based on alternate aviation
fuels.
• Using the airport for various other
commercial purposes so as to
stabilize the costs incurred.
Railways
• Development of the railway station
on PPP model with passenger
amenities as primary concern.
• Separate platforms for goods train
and passenger trains.
• Railways taking responsibility for
the connectivity to the railway
station.
• High speed rail link between the
airport and the railway station.
• Metro rails in North-South & East-
West corridors of the city ensuring
maximum coverage.
Sources: Athens Traffic Management System Report, Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey, Forbes, Figure-RTO offices from all the states & UTs’, Siemens
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9. Educational Empowerment
• Lack of money and qualified people in Indian education system & their involvement in Control of Educational.
• Less emphasis on creativity, original thinking, research and innovation and its implementation for massive
technology infrastructure in education.
• Low turnout at the primary schools due to issues of child labor, poverty, frequent migration, parent’s lack of
interest, improper facilities, overcrowded classes, etc.
• Difficulties for students in higher education as of differing expectations of degree programs & less number of good
quality institutions.
Issues
Solutions
Education is the key to unlocking a country's potential for economic growth. People who learn
to read, write and count will provide a better future for their families and countries. With
improved education, many other areas are positively affected. In short, education has the
power to make the world a better place.
•Ensuring a healthy number of technologically sound and environment friendly public & private schools and multi –
disciplinary colleges and universities in the city for the primary and higher education purposes.
•Proper implementation of schemes like Mid-Day meals, Anganwadis, timely health camps, etc. to ensure wider coverage
of primary education.
•Implementing a collaborative campus environment with tools & services that connect the community, so that a culture
of greater participation can be created. With a shared infrastructure, institutions can integrate cross-research disciplines
and domains for a more holistic view and greater collaboration.
• Opening up of museums, libraries, etc. alongside the schools & universities, acts as supporting pillars to the education
system.
•Providing financial support to the financially weaker section of the society through means of different schemes and
stress on promoting education for the girls via means of legislations and financial schemes.
•Have a proper and effective teacher feedback system to improve on the teaching methodologies for better education.
Sources: World Bank, Study Of Student’s Attendance in Primary & Upper Primary Schools, IBM-A Smarter Planet
9
10. Economy & Industry
70% of new jobs to be in cities by 2030.
Urban cities to contribute to 70% of GDP, and increase per capita income 4x.
Cheaper delivery of essential services by 30-40% due to concentrated population.
Year Rural(%
of GDP)
Urban(%
of GDP)
1998 54 46
2008 42 58
2030 31 69
• Preference of higher-tier cities to lower-tier cities due to job
opportunities
• Businesses supposed to create employment aren’t realized
because investors find more growth & biz in metropolitans.
Issues
Manufacturing
• Potential to grow 6x to $ 1 tn,
creating 90 mn domestic jobs.
• Major sectors to grow from 12-
20 % annually until 2025.
• Establish manufacturing in weak
fields where imports are high.
Ex: Electronics, Automobiles
• Let it be govt. funded and owned
initially. Attract private
companies and enter PPPs
(Public Private Partnerships)
once sector shows growth.
• Invite foreign parties for JVs but
keep majority Indian stake to
protect industry’s interests.
Entrepreneurship
• Launch initiatives for budding
entrepreneurs in collaboration
with big organisations to draw
brightest minds.
• Provide resources to start-ups,
help them grow, and then
promote job opportunities
through these companies.
• Enable Indian companies to list
directly on foreign stock
exchanges to provide more
opportunities for angel investors
and FDI.
• India – one of the hotbeds of
start – ups and entrepreneurial
ventures.
Develop Infrastructure
• Welcome infrastructure
developers of metros to install
essential services like transit
systems, real estate & SEZ firms,
power generation,
communication, roads, and
housing facilities.
• Doing so will lay city’s
foundation, provide jobs, &
increase per capita income. This
would help expand retail due to
increase in spending capability.
• Thus revenue, in form of taxes
would go back to government
and start a healthy cycle of
investment returns.
Solutions
10
11. Healthcare
• WHO reports says, one in ten patients in developed countries is actually harmed while
receiving hospital care.
• Healthcare organizations are amassing vast amounts of data, multiple versions of the truth
producing errors in hospital, patient care and payment processes.
• Rising costs , inconsistent quality , limited access to timely care and changing population
demography as a result of deactivated family planning programs.
Issues
Healing with Information
• Development of a NATIONWIDE
HEALTH INFORMATION NETWORK,
to enable secure healthcare
information access & exchange
among healthcare units.
• The Centre for Connected
Medicine-a destination for sharing
successful outcomes from all
aspects of patient care.
• Use of STEM -SPATIOTEMPORAL
EPIDEMIOLOGlCAL MODELER an
advanced software that enables
the creation of epidemiological
models depicting how infectious
diseases are likely to spread.
Patient Care and Insights
• Introduction of generic
medicines, generated without
patent protection.(FDA
approved identical in dose,
strength, safety, route of
administration, & intended use).
• Smaller healthcare division
enables doctors to diagnose
diseases earlier and more
accurately, making a decisive
contribution to improving the
quality of healthcare.
• Make use of healthcare services
from various NGOs’ and
community groups.
Connected Health System
• Electronics health records in a
connected health system can
help patient maintain health
history, other prescriptions, their
emergency contact allergies &
critical information often
inaccessible which will not only
help in giving right information
to the doctors for timely
diagnosis but also acts as an
precision for health loans
available at right time.
• Introducing mobile hospital
services for areas located in the
outskirts of the city.
Solutions
Healthcare not only caters to the health services of the citizens but also provides job opportunities
to a section of the people. Medical care is not the only determinant of health; others include
nutrition, exercise, and other life-style factors.
It is a major contributor to the GNP of the country and should be planned and monitored effectively
Sources: WHO, OCED, IBM-A smarter city
11
12. Urban Governance
• Well organized and equipped police force for the citizens.
• Special units for women safety and all night patrolling.
• Effective judiciary system in place to ensure right and speedy justice. Must have a court of law
depending upon the city’s recognition.
• High security prison to contain the convicts and suspects.
• Special units with focus on crimes related to economic matters and cyber world as the new
technologies are becoming easy tools for frauds.
Public
Safety
• Community centres, public parks, public library, commercial centres, theatres etc. developed
for the citizens.
• Radio, television & other electronic media outlets for the means of communication and public
entertainment.
• Establish a cultural centre to ensure that fair number of trade fairs, book fairs and other
cultural programmes etc. are organized from time to time to boost the cultural growth of the
city.
Recreational
Activities
• Quick response fire services available at, at least two well equipped fire stations.
• Adequate number of petrol pumps covering the entire city and also being available on the major
highways leading in and out of the city.
• Sufficient number of gas centres to ensure healthy supply of LPG for the citizens.
• Construction of public toilets across the city and provide for their timely maintenance.
• Provide for well equipped sewage and waste management systems for the city.
Essential
Services
Sources: CDP Delhi, Wikipedia -London Police
12
Urban governance looks at the various important issues of the city. Public safety, essential services and
means of recreation are crucial to the overall development of the city. A city will flourish when its
citizens will have various means of leisure activities along with a sense of security and availability of
other important services at their disposal.
14. 14
• We believe that in the current economic turmoil, where the financial crisis has already had serious consequences on employment and
public budgets, we have to mobilize all our strengths to alleviate the negative impacts on the most vulnerable populations.
•Social innovation is not a panacea but if encouraged and valued, it can bring immediate solutions to the pressing social issues with
which citizens will be confronted. Innovation will have to be fostered to support a transition towards Future Cities.
•An effective and ground level policy is needed for the development of urban area through a detailed monitoring and evaluation
mechanism. Fixed coordination mechanisms have to be complemented by flexible ones.
•Strategies will have to take into account the diversity of cities : their development paths, size, demographic and social contexts, and
their cultural and economic assets. Social, economic and environmental challenges have to be addressed both at neighborhood level and
in broader territorial contexts.
•Decentralizing the concentration of economic activities including governmental functionaries from the cities.
•Urban poverty is the area which needs focused attention, significant and widening disparities in income and wealth distribution have
pushed the urban poor out of the land market.
•In the long term, we see social innovation as part of the new culture of empowerment that we are trying to promote with a number of
our already stated initiatives.
The 19th century was the century of Empires, the 20th century was the century of Nation States. The 21st
century will be the century of Cities.
The 74th Constitution Amendment Act is a historic legislation in this context, which emphasizes the importance of people (Local Representatives) involvement in
the effective planning programme.
