Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
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1. 05/01/09 MCSE201 : Communication Network 1
Layered Architecture
Layered Architecture
Anjan.K
II Sem M.Tech
Dept of CSE
M.S.R.I.T
1
2. 05/01/09 MCSE201 : Communication Network 2
Outline
Outline
Layered Architecture
• Need For Layering
◦OSI Reference Model
◦TCP/IP Model
◦Problems
◦Socket Programming
◦ TCP
◦ UDP
◦ Sockets Demo
Applications
FTP
• IP Utilities
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Need For Layering
Allows Complex problems are decomposed in to
small manageable units.
Implementation details of the layer are abstracted.
Separation of implementation and specification
Layers are work as one by sharing the services
provided by each other.
Layering allows reuse functionality i.e., lower layers
implement common once.
Provide framework to implement multiple specific
protocols per layer
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Application Programming Interfaces(API)- Sockets
Application Programming Interfaces(API)- Sockets
API are required to implement an Network application
Socket interface, part of Berkeley Unix, is now supported
by all OS.
Socket - point where a local abstraction process
attaches to the network.
Interface defines operations
◦ Creating a socket
◦ Attaching the socket to the network,
◦ Sending/Receiving messages and
◦ closing the socket.
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Socket System Calls
Socket System Calls
Create a socket
int socket(int family, int type, int protocol);
Bind –binds socket to local address
int bind(int socket,struct sockaddr *address, int addr.len);
Listen defines how many connections can be pending
int listen(int socket,int backlog);
Accept carries out the passive operation
int accept( int socket,struct sockaddr *address,int
addr.len)
a
int connect(int socket,struct sockaddr *address, int addr.len);
int send(int socket, char *message, int msg.len, int flags);
int recv(int socket, char *buffer, int buf.len, int flags);
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Application Protocol Examples
Application Protocol Underlying
Transport
Protocol
Electronic Mail SMTP [RFC 2821] TCP
Web HTTP [RFC 1945] TCP
File Transfer FTP [RFC 959] TCP
Streaming
Multimedia
RTP [RFC 1889] TCP/UDP
Internet Telephony SIP [RFC 3261] UDP
Remote terminal
access
Telnet [RFC 854] TCP
Domain Name
server
DNS[RFC 883] UDP
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP) [RFC 959]
FTP client contacts FTP server at
port 21, specifying TCP as transport
protocol
Client obtains authorization over
control connection
Client browses remote directory by
sending commands over control
connection.
When server receives a command
for a file transfer, the server opens
a TCP data connection to client
After transferring one file, server
closes connection.
FTP
client
FTP
server
TCP control
connection
port 21
TCP data connection
port 20
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IP Utilities
IP Utilities
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PING
◦ Determines whether a host
is online and available and
make use of ICMP messages
◦ Inform the sending host
about errors in IP datagram
◦ Used to measure round-trip
delay between hosts
NETSTAT
◦ Queries about its TCP/IP
network status
◦ Finds status of network
drivers and their interface
cards
TRACEROUTE – debugging tool
◦ Used to track route of packet
from local host to remote host
◦ Informs about latency and
reachability
◦ Makes use of both ICMP and
UDP
IPCONFIG
◦ Utility to display TCP/IP
information about a host
available in Windows
◦ Simplest form returns IP
address, subnet mask, default
gateway, DNS servers
◦ Available with various options
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Summary
Summary
Layered Architecture
◦ OSI Reference Model
◦ TCP/IP Model
◦ Socket Programming with Demo
◦ TCP
• UDP
Applications
◦ FTP
◦ IP Utilities
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References
References
[1] Larry L Peterson, “Communication
Networks”,3rd
Edition
[2] S.keshav, “An Engineering Approach to
Computer Networking”,Pearson
Education
[3] Andrew.S Tannenbaum, “Computer
Network”, 4th Edition
[4] Leon Garcia et.al., “Communication
Networks”, 2nd
Edition
[5] RFC’s From http://www.ietf.org
[6] Leslie Miller, “ISO Reference Model of OSI”
ACM transaction in Nov 1981
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