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The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerants: How R32 is Reducing CO2 Emissions
- 1. The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerants Sanjay Goyal 6th October, 2017 Daikin Air-conditioning India Pvt. Ltd Broad Key Environment Concerns Ozone depletion Global Warming
- 2. Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine base ref. CFC & HCFC Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine base ref. CFC & HCFC Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HFC) was introduced Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HFC) was introduced Expansion of ozone hole has stoppedExpansion of ozone hole has stopped Global warming has been highlighted as the critical environmental issue Global warming has been highlighted as the critical environmental issue Key Environment Concerns In 100 years, earth’s mean surface temperature has increased by 0.99 Deg C It is expected to continue this tendency 1917 2016 Key Environment Concerns
- 3. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat- trapping (greenhouse) gas, which is released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions Since 2005 Co2 levels has been increased from 378.21 ppm to 406.69 PPM in 2017 2005 2017 Key Environment Concerns Effects of Global Warming & Co2 Emissions
- 4. Composition Ozone depletion potential （（（（ODP）））） Global warming potential (GWP) Vol. Cooling Capacity Theoretical COP P cond (Mpa) R22 Single 0.05 1810 100 100 1.7 HFC R410A （R32＋ R125) Azeotrope- Like 0 2090 141 91 2.7 R32 Single 0 675 160 96 2.8 Non-HFC Propane (R290) Single 0 ＜3 83 97 1.5 CO2 (R744 ) Single 0 1 256 41 10.0 R1234yf Single 0 4 56 92 1.2 Properties of various refrigerants Changes are Coming • HFCs will be phased down Drivers: Montreal Protocol Amendment and coming phase-down framework EPA SNAP Program / Climate Action Plan F-gas regulations in Europe Canada HFC activities California HFC proposals Kigali HFC Proposals High GWP HFCs will be phased down as per the decided and agreed timeline
- 5. HCFC Phase out and HFC phase down - India Under HPMP Program, HCFC22, or R22, is one of main stream refrigerants for air conditioners. R22 must be phased out due to its ODP and converted to substances with zero ODP. Likewise Under HFC phase down Program, R410A has also to be phased down, High GWP HFC (Ex R410A) Phase down in Developing Country Therefore When making choice for alternative to R22 & R410A,various aspects must be taken into account. (See Next slide for details) Next Generation refrigerant - Screening Next Generation refrigerantsNext Generation refrigerants OzoneOzone ProtectionProtection ClimateClimate ChangeChange Peak LoadPeak Load SafetySafety AffordabilityAffordability EnergyEnergy ResourcesResources CFC PhaseCFC Phase--outout HCFC PhaseHCFC Phase--outout Lower GWPLower GWP Low EmissionsLow Emissions High COPHigh COP Low ToxicLow Toxic No/Low FlammableNo/Low Flammable Compact/LightCompact/Light Easy InstallationEasy Installation & Maintenance& Maintenance Reduced ChargeReduced Charge High EfficiencyHigh Efficiency Market PenetrationMarket Penetration Efficient UseEfficient Use DownsizingDownsizing RegulationRegulation RecycleRecycle PatentPatent NaturalNatural ResourcesResources Critical Factors to be considered for the Alternative RefrigerantCritical Factors to be considered for the Alternative Refrigerant
- 6. Properties - R32 Composition Ozone depletion potential （（（（ODP）））） Global warming potential (GWP) Vol. Cooling Capacity Theoretical COP P cond (Mpa) R22 Single 0.05 1810 100 100 1.7 HFC R410A （R32＋ R125) Azeotrope- Like 0 2090 141 91 2.7 R32 Single 0 675 160 96 2.8 Non-HFC Propane (R290) Single 0 ＜3 83 97 1.5 CO2 (R744 ) Single 0 1 256 41 10.0 R1234yf Single 0 4 56 92 1.2 Atoms Advantage Disadvantage Good Solubility with Mineral Oil Ozone Depletion Anti-Combustible Higher GWP Lower GWP High Performance Combustible Cl F H Refrigerants ODP GWP (IPCC4) Flammability (ASHRAE34) R22 0.055 1810 1 R32 0 675 2L R410A 0 2090 1 R32 R125 C HH F F CC F F F FF H C HH F F Cl C H F F What is R32 ?
- 7. History of R32 （※1） LCCP：（Life Cycle Climate Performance） Ozone Economy Safety Energy efficiency R32 5 4 3 2 1 LCCP R410A 5 4 3 2 1 R32 is the most balanced refrigerant and can reduce GWP by 75% （※1） Ozone Economy Safety Energy efficiency LCCP R22 5 4 3 2 1 Ozone Economy Safety Energy efficiency LCCP Total Assessment of Refrigerant Characteristics of HFC32 Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Superior Energy Efficiency (10% better than HFC22) Small Global Warming Impact (LCCP) Small Conversion Cost (almost same as conversion to R410A) Acceptably Mild Flammable – Successful risk assessment done in Japan & Safer in Use. Supply capability is sufficient
- 8. GWP Values according to IPCC 4th Assessment Report For the EU F gas regulation the GWP values of IPCC 3rd report are valid (R410A = 1975, R32 = 650) Charged amount GWP x QuantityGWP x =2088 675 100% 70% 2088 472 77 % CO2 emission potential of R32 vs. R410A RelativeEER(vsR410Aat35℃%) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105% 110% Outdoor temp.(℃) Indoor : DB/WB = 27℃/ 19℃ Same Capacity at 35℃Outdoor temp. R32 R32 R410A R32/HFO1234ze( E) blend (70:30) 5% 7% Comparison for EER *Residential split system 6.0kW System 4.0kW System 1616Comparison of R32 and R32/HFO blend vs R410A at the same capacity by Daikin
- 9. Energy efficiency and Total Emissions Power ratio Efficiency ratio 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 (Precondition for Calculation) *1 Taking low pressure loss into consideration, narrower HEX was used to reduce charge volume. *2 To improve efficiency, HEX size was increased : Indoor HEX x 1,1 + Path x 2, Outdoor HEX x 1.2, and connecting pipe increased from 3/8=> 5/8 *3 To meet IEC requirements, charge volume was reduced: Indoor HEX x 0.8, Outdoor HEX x 0.5, narrower piping was used. *4 To Improve efficiency: Outdoor unit HEX was increased x 1.1 （HEX= Heat Exchanger） 1.SEER Comparison (cooling mode) HPs （Reversible）- 3.5kW-Room AC 2.Peak power comparison under cooling condition Outside 35℃, room 27℃ 0.4 0.8 1.2 (3) Emissions During Refrigerant Production (2) Direct Emissions(1) Indirect EmissionsTotal Emissions = (Kg-CO2) 7000 9000 11000 13000 150000 3.Total Emissions (LCCP comparison) + + High SEER Low Peak Power Low Impact R32 is the best solution for global environment. R410A R32 R22 LCCP:Life Cycle Climate Potential R410A R32 R22 R410A R32 R22 In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert.In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert. ◆Concentration condition (Upper & Lower Concentration limits) Lower limit Upper limit R32 combustion concentration 13.3% 29.3% ※CERI + Kayak Japan (‘11) ◆Ignition Energy (Value for minimum energy with which the gas may ignite) Min. ignition energy (Unit; mJ) Notes R32 30-100 (From DuPont June 2010 AIChE article report) With static electricity or electronic lighters (energy: several mJ), minimum ignition energy is not attained It implies the lack of chances combustion in ordinary working condition of human being because of oxygen deficiency *According to general high pressure gas safety regulation Flammability assessment
- 10. 19 Safety level Non-flammable A1 Slightly flammable A2L Flammable A2 Highly flammable A3 R32 is classified A2L. Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and R1234yf are in the same category. R32 is classified A2L. Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and R1234yf are in the same category. Flam m able *ASHRAE 34 ASHRAE34 Flammability assessment (ASHRAE 34) Field International Europe US (affects ME&A) Refrigerant Classification ISO817FDIS -NA- (based on ISO) ASHRAE 34 UL 2182 Usage Restriction for Safety ISO5149FDIS EN378 ASHRAE 15 IEC60335-2-40 Under revision EN60335-2-40 UL 207、、、、UL 250 UL 471、、、、UL 474 UL 484、、、、UL 984 UL 1995 UL 60335-2-40 Main Standards related Refrigerant Received the information from the ISO central office (Jan 13,2014) that ISO5149-1, 2, 3 are all approved. The standard of many countries is referring to ISO or has quoted ISO ex. Japan（KHK）, China（GB standard）, Australia, Asian countries are also gazing at the trend of Japan, China, etc. approved(2014)
- 11. R32 Progress Globally Japan, 2012 Launch of R32 AC’s Globally Europe, 2013 (40 countries)
- 12. ■2012 RA 2.2-7.2kW ■ 2014 Light Commercial■ 2013 All RA ■ 2014 RA 2.2-8.0kW ★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-9.0kW Launch date by Company Progress in Japan – All Brands ★★★★ Press Release ■ Launched ★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-7.1kW ★★★★ 2013/ ■ 2014 RA 2.2-8.0kW ★★★★ 2013 ★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-7.1kW Promotion of R32 Products by manufacturers
- 13. R32 Units Penetration (Residential AC) JP: 8 companies JP: 3 companies JP: 3 companies CN: 1 companies JP: 3 companies JP: 4 companies CN: 2 companies EU: 1 company JP 4 companies CN 1 companies EU 2 companies JP: 4 companies TH: 7 companies KR: 1 companies CN: 1 companies US: 1 companies JP: 1 company JP: 2 companies Phil: 1 company JP: 1 company JP: 1 company 25 Europe Russia Japan Australia/New ZealandIndonesia Thailand Philippine Vietnam India Saudi/UAE/Oman Turkey USA KR: 1 company (Window) US: 1 company (Window) JP: 1 company (PTAC) Malaysia JP: 1 company Singapore JP: 1 company Taiwan JP: 2 company TW: 1 company *1 In case of 1.3kg (including extra charging when installation) of refrigerant charge. Refrigerant charge volume reduction and improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered. * Estimated by Daikin (Based on press release or catalog information) Canada JP: 1 company(PTAC) Mexico JP: 1 company More than 1.7 million units are being sold and installed in India so far Globally 27 million R32 RAC units has been sold in 51 countries (estimation) More than 40million*1 tons of CO2 could be reduced (estimation) Daikin launched R32 Ac’s in Residential (2013) and light commercial category (2016) ETA General has launched eco-friendly R-32 refrigerant for its 3 star-rated range in India in 2014 LG has launched one model of1.5 TR Inverter Model in India in 2015 Mitsubishi Electric has launched models in 3 star and 5 star category Bluestar launched R32 models in Residential category Other major brands are also planning to launch R32 RAC’s. 26 Progress in India – Other Brands
- 14. 27 R32 Compressor Manufacturers (UNEP Technology Road show) 28 Residential Project <R32> Reference Site - India
- 15. Reference Site - Global Residential Project <R32> Daikin’s Policy
- 16. Daikin Patent Policy •The air conditioners manufactured in India can be sold in India or can be exported to any countries •Manufacturer can FREELY buy R32 from open market (Indian supplier or from abroad). •Manufacturer can FREELY buy required materials, parts etc from open market in India or abroad. It is not binding to buy such materials or parts from any affiliates/ subsidiaries of DIL. •DIL has developed 2 number of Improvement Patents registered in India which shall be available only on FEE basis but the patents correspond to very special technical features and DIL itself does not use the technology. 31http://www.daikin.com/press/2015/150910/index.htmlPress Release – 10th September, 2015 •On 10 September 2015 , Daikin announced it is offering worldwide free access to 93 patents for the use of HFC-32 in air conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration equipment •Already in 2011, Daikin had offered these patents to industries in emerging markets who wanted to accelerate their phase-out of ozone-depleting refrigerants. •Given the urgent need to address climate change, Daikin believes that it is the right time to extend free access to these 93 HFC-32 equipment patents to manufacturers worldwide Daikin’s Refrigerant Direction
- 17. Green is more than a temporary strategy at Daikin. It is embedded in our consistent philosophy to achieve more together. Our Fusion 20 strategic management plan is also attuned to our movement to help turn the world greener. Together. In vision and action.