Philippine Military History and ROTC

1. by: Sgt Deejay
D Canindo (PA) Res

3. Pre-Spanish Occupation
• Battle of Mactan on 27 Apr
1521
• Lapu-lapu, the
acknowledge father of the
AFP.
• Lapu-lapu refused to pay
homage to the King of
Spain.

4. Spanish Occupation
• Rajah Soliman: the Muslim
leader.
• In 1570, he resisted the
Spaniards’ efforts to land in
Manila.
• In 1571, Legaspi
conquered Manila and
made it as the capital of
the Philippines.

5. Spanish Occupation
. Diego Silang led an uprising which
displayed his exemplary military leadership
style and tactics in defeating the Spaniards
• Filipino soldiers were also organized
to fight for Spain and to support
some expedition.

6. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Graceano Lopez Jaena
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
They are the famous
propagandists whose works
nurtured the national spirit.

7. Andres Bonifacio: father of the Philippine Army,
founded a more radical group called the
“Katipunan” on 7 Jul 1892.
• In August 23, 1896, the Cry of Pugad Lawin signaled
the start of the Philippine Revolution against
Spain.
• Magdalo led by Aguinaldo and the Magdiwang
led by Bonifacio
• On 22 Mar 1897, Tejeros Convention resolved conflict
between the 2 factions.
• Aguinaldo won the presidency and this occasion
also gave birth to Philippine Army.

8. • On 23 April 1898, the Americans convinced to
cooperate with the Americans against Spain.
• Aguinaldo declared war against Spain.
• 12 June 1898, Philippine Independence from
Spain declared in Kawit, Cavite.
• 22 June 1898, the Philippine Navy was
created by the Revolutionary Army.

9. • Treaty of Paris (February 10, 1763):
Spain ceded the Philippines to the
United States.
• Finding the archipelago as a lucrative
place for some economic activities, the
United States strengthened their
presence in the Philippines.
• This prompted the Filipinos to again
unite and fight for the freedom they
have just won.
• The capture of General Aguinaldo by
the Americans in Palanan, Isabela in
March 23, 1901 and the laying down of
arms of General Malvar in April 16,
1902 ended the organized resistance
against the American forces.

10. • The Philippine Constabulary was organized on August 8, 1901
• Followed by the establishment of the Philippine Military
Academy on February 7, 1905.
• On December 21, 1935, the National Defense Act was
enacted which created the AFP.
• The Philippine Air Force was later established on July 1, 1947.

11. JAPANESE OCCUPATION

12. EVOLUTION
AND ROLE
OF THE
ROTC IN
THE
PREVIOUS
WARS Commonwealth Act Number 1:
National Defense Act provided the legal basis for
the conduct of ROTC instruction, the need for a
citizen reserve force had been realized as early as
before the American occupation of the Philippines.

13. • Fr. Domingo Collantes,
OP (University of Sto
Tomas)
• Father Collantes was
assisted by a sergeant
in the Royal Spanish
Army in setting up a
battalion of young
students for military
instruction.
He organized a group of
around two hundred (200)
students from UST and
Colegio de San Juan de
Letran who underwent military
training at Sto Tomas Plaza in
Intramuros, Manila.

15. • In 1912, during the
American regime, UP and
Ateneo de Manila started
to offer military training.
• But their graduates could
not find a career in
military unless they joined
the PC or the Philippine
Scouts (PS).
• Governor General
Leonard Wood
encouraged the
development of ROTC
units, which were quite
similar to those he had
organized in the United
States.

18. • March 2001 : death of University of Santo Tomas ROTC Cadet Mark
Chua who was allegedly hazed by senior ROTC cadets for his expose’ of
several malpractices in the ROTC program.
• His death was the strongest clamor for ROTC abolition.
• Republic Act 9163 or National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of
2001, making the ROTC as just one of the three components of the
NSTP where the students can choose from.
• The ROTC training period was also reduced from two years to one year.
Students can also select any component of the NSTP, thus making ROTC
optional.

19. 1. ROTC - provide military training to
students to prepare for national
defense, the Department of National
Defense (DND) implements the ROTC
component.
2. Literacy Training Service (LTS) - train
students to become teachers to school
children, out of school youth and other
segments of the society who are in dire
need of their service, the Commission
on Higher Education (CHED)
implements the LTS component.
3. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS),
which will involve the students to
activities to contribute to general
welfare and betterment of life, the
Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA)
implements the CWTS component.