1. BY: MR. LAWRENC B.DUQUE
PHIL. HISTORY PROFESSOR
A.I.E NAVOTAS

2. Eighty five Filipinos met in a revolutionary
congress at Barsoain church, Malolos,
Bulacan starting September 15, 1893. The
Malolos congress approved the
independence of the Philippine. Dr. Pedro A.
Paterno, he was the president of the Malolos
Congress. Started the making of new
constitution for the Philippines. Malolos
constitution - the first Philippine republic.
Real author - Felipe G. Calderon, he was a
famous filipino lawyer. Approved by the
Malolos Congress on Nov. 29 1898 and
proclaim by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo on
January 21, 1899.

3. The 1st Philippine Republic was inaugurated at
Barsoain church, Malolos Bulacan. Aguinaldo
sworn in as president the of the 1st Philippine
republic at the church altar. “Great is this day,
glorious this date , and forever memorable this
moment in which our beloved people are raised
to the joy of independence” The official news
paper of the government was called “El Heraldo
de la Revolution” Gen. Antonio Luna and other
Filipinos ran an independence news paper
called “La Independencia” The 1st Filipino
diplomat was Felipe Agoncillo – work for the
recognition of Philippine independence in Paris
and Washington. There were other Filipino
diplomats in Japan,England,France, and
Australia.

4. The 1st Philippine
republic lived only in
two years from
January 23, 1899 to
March 23, 1901. It
was ended on the day
when Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo captured
by the Americans.

5. The Americans pretend that the
Filipinos had brutality attacked them,
at 8 P.M. of February 4, 1899, Private
Robert W. Grayson of the first
Nebraska volunteers, shot and killed a
Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan
bridge. The new wrongly said that the
Filipinos had started the shooting. The
treaty of Paris had been very
controversial and was not sure of
passing. February 6, 1899, the
American senate passed the treaty of
Paris, making the Philippines as the
colony of United States.

6. . At day break of February 5, 1899, the
American navy bombarded the Filipino
positions in manila. In the next few days,
fierce hand-to-hand fighting broke out all
manila and nearby town. One by one the
Filipino s lost ground to the superior forces of
Uncle Sam March 31, 1899, the American
captured Malolos. Aguinaldo fled to
Pampangga,Nueva ecija, and finally to the
mountains of Northern Luzon. The Filipinos
won victories , in Negros, Gen. Aniceto
Lacson and Gen. Araneta organized the
“Republic of Negros” on November 27, 1898.
In the Battle of San Mateo, Rizal on December
19, 1899, the Famous hero of the American
civil war Gen. Henry C. Lawson , was killed by
Filipinos troops. Lawson was conquered by
the Filipino “Geronimo” Gen. Licerio Geronimo
and his men.

7. The Filipinos fought with old
rifles and guns, bamboo spears,
and bolos. The Americans fought
with cannons , machine gun s,
automatic rifles and plenty of
ammunition and supplies. The
Filipino forces were divided into
small groups who harassed the
enemy by surprise ambush.
Aguinaldo’s guerilla warfare in
1899 to 1901 was earlier than
Mao Zedong’s Chinese guerillas
in the 1940’s and Ho Chi Minh’s
Vietnamese guerillas in the
1970’s.

8. The Filipino generals and
officials of the first
Philippine Republic lost or
were captured by the
enemy. Leading officials of
the Philippine government
were arrested and
deported to Guam. One of
them is Apolinario Mabini,
he was Aguinaldo’s Prime
Minister. Antonio Luna,
Aguinaldo ‘s Director War-
he was killed by them on
June 5, 1899. Gregorio del
Pilar and his men defended
the Tirad Pass . They died
to the last man on
December 2, 1899.

9. Aguinaldo and his staff fled to cordillera
mountains in Northern Luzon. At Palanan,
Isabela he made his headquarter. Gen.
Frederick Funston in Nueva Ecija captured
one of Aguinaldo’s messenger. The
American expedition considered of five
American officers, and 85 Filipinos. General
Arthur McArthur, the American military
governor. April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took
the oath of allegiance to U.S. Miguel Malvar
in Batangas fought until April 16, 1902.
The last Filipino general who surrendered
to the American was Semion Ola of Albay
Province, he gave up on Sept. 25, 1903.

10. 1. The Filipinos should be proud that the first independent
republic in Asia by Asians was established by Aguinaldo in the
Philippines from 1989 to 1901. at the time, the other Asians
were either western colonies or kingdoms ruled by kings and
emperors.
2. The Filipino are brave and sturdy people who will fight for
their rights and independence, even if they lose.
3. Like all wars, the Filipino-American war was very bloody and
expensive. The American sent 126,248 troops, of whom 4,234
died. They spent a vast sum of $16,000. veterans died in action
200,000 civilians died on starvation and diseases; and property
billions of pesos was damage.
4. The Filipino lost the Filipino-American war because they were
not united and they have inferior weapons.
5. We should remember the and honor President Aguinaldo and
other heroes of this era. Although they lost the war, they fought
with courage and honor. These veterans of the revolution were
the real founding fathers of our independence.