The Harappan civilization flourished from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some key aspects include: 1) Major urban centers included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had planned streets and separate areas for citizens and aristocrats. 2) Notable structures include the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, believed to be used for religious rituals, and granaries to store grains. 3) The civilization engaged in extensive trade using standardized weights and measures, with connections to Mesopotamia evidenced by seals.

1. The Harappan Civilization
Made By : Hitarth Desai

3. What Is A Civilization?
Civilization Is The
Progressive Phase
Of All-round
Development Of
People Living In A
Given Territory.
Growth Of
Economy, Use Of
Technology, Living
In Cities.
Specialization In
Skills, Script And
Agriculture.

4. The Bronze Age Civilization
It Came After The Copper Age
Civilization.
Bronze Is The Alloy Of Copper
Bronze And Tin.
During This Period, Bronze Was
Used.
Hence, This Time Period Got Its
Name As Bronze Age Civilization.

5. The Harappan Civilization
Also Known As The Indus
Valley Civilization.
Flourished In The Bronze
Age Civilization Between
3300 BCE – 1300 BCE.
Largest Urban Civilization
In The World.
Concentrated Around The
Basin Of The River Indus.

6. Discovery Of The Civilization
Sir John
Marshall Led
His Team To
Discover The
Harappan
Civilization.
Dayaram
Sahni
Discovered The
Ruins In
Harappa In
1921.
Rakhaldas
Banerjee
Discovered
Mohenjo-Daro
In 1922.

7. Sources

8. Extent Of The Civilization
Western Border - Suktagendor In South
Baluchistan
Eastern Border – Alamgirpur In Uttarpradesh
Northern Border – Mandan In Jammu And
Kashmir
Southern Border – Bhagatrav In The Narmada
Estuary

10. Urban Planning
It Was
Made
According
To A Grid
Pattern.
The Streets
Intersected
Each Other
At Right
Angles.
The
Buildings
Were
Made Of
Brick Or
Wood.
The Town
Was
Divided
Into Citadel
And Lower
Town.
Citadel
Had The
Major
Buildings
And The
Houses Of
The
Aristocrats.

12. The Great Bath
Most Significant
Structures At
Mohenjo-Daro.
Bathing Pool = 39
X 28 X 8 Ft.
Water Was
Supplied By A
Well Found
Nearby.
Water Was
Emptied Regularly
For Cleaning.
It Was Made
Watertight By
Coating With
Mortar, Burnt
Bricks, Gypsum
And Bitumen.
There Were
Rooms For
Changing.
It May Have
Been A Religious
And Ritualistic
Bath.

14. The Granary
They Were Found
At Various Places
Like Mohenjo-
Daro, Harappa,
Lothal And
Kalibangan.
Working Floors
Consisted Of
Circular Brick
Platforms.
These Floors Were
Used For
Threshing Grains.
They Had
Proper
Ventilation.
They Were
Situated Near
The River Banks
So That The
Transportation
Could Be Easy.

16. Trade Practices
• Harappa And Mohenjo-Daro And Lothal
• Lothal - Chanhudaro

17. Cont….
• External Trade With Other Countries
Was Also Carried Out
Harappan Seals Mesopotamian Civilization
Found At

18. Imported Metals

19. Contd….
Barter System Prevailed
International Trade –
Seaways
Domestic Trade – Bullock
Carts, Etc

20. Barter System

21. Weights And Measures
Use Of Regulated
Weights And Measures
Was Prevalent
The Smallest Unit Of
Weight Was 16 Which
Weighed 14 G
Bigger Units Of Weight
Were Multiples Of 16

22. Transport
Model Of Terracotta Ship Was
Discovered At Lothal Dockyard
Lothal Dockyard Is The World’s
Earliest Known Dockyards
Bullock Carts Were Used For
Inland Transportation

23. Arts And Crafts – The Dancing Girl
Girl In
Dancing
Posture With
Right Hand
Resting On
Her Hip
Left Arm Is
Covered With
A Series Of
Ivory Bangles
Hair Tied Into
A Bun And Is
Slightly Tilted
Backwards
Made Of
Bronze
Through Lost
Wax Process

24. Bearded Man
Made from
stone
It has
Trimmed
beard
It has half-
closed eyes
A shawl is
wrapped
around its
shoulders
It represents
a priest or
noble man

25. Terracotta Figures
• Harappans used fire-baked clay or terracotta
• They made idols for worship and toys
• The terracotta figure of mother goddess and the
toy cart is an excellent example of the Harappan
talent of art and craft

26. Occupation And Livelihood
Main Occupation = Agriculture
Leisure Activity = Art And Craft
Metal Work = Copper And Bronze Used To Make
Vessels, Etc
Beads = Used To Make Ornaments And Jewelry
Other Crafts = Pottery, Spinning, Carving And
Weaving

27. Script – Highly Pictorial With Abstract Signs

28. Forms Of Worship
Mother Goddess – Represented The Earth.
Statues Made From Terracotta. Smoke Stains
Also Found
Male Deity – Horned Three - Faced Deity Sitting
In A Yogi Posture. Surrounded By Animals.
Represents Pashupati – Avatar Of Lord Shiva.
Nature And Its Elements – Worshipped Trees,
Animals, Birds, Fire And Water.

29. Contd….
They Believed In Magic
And Charm
Also Believed In
Ghosts And Spirits
It Is Believed That
Some Harappans
Buried The Dead
While Some Of Them
Cremated And Put
Them In Urns

30. dec