Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by a viral infection. It occurs when viruses or other pathogens infect and damage heart muscle cells. This can weaken the heart and lead to complications like heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, or sudden cardiac death. Myocarditis is rare, affecting fewer than 1 million people per year in India. It most commonly occurs in young adults and is usually caused by viruses like coxsackievirus. Symptoms can include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, electrocardiograms, and cardiac imaging. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and may include medications, corticosteroids, or even a heart transplant in severe cases

1. Made by
Himanshu Verma

2. INTRODUCTION
 Myocarditis is a very rare disorder. Most of the time it is
caused by an viral infection that reaches the heart.
 When we have an infection our immune system produces
special cells to fight off the disease . If the infection affect the
heart, the disease fighting cells affect the heart which can
result in weakening of cardiac heart muscles with swelling.

3. DEFENITION
 Myo means muscle ,car refers to heart and ditis
refers to the inflammation.
 MAROCARDITIS is the inflammation of the middle
layer of the heart.

4. INCIDENCE
 In United States most cases of myocarditis is due to
viral infection.`
 Fewer than 1 million cases per year in India

5. AGES AFFECTED
 Babies (0 – 2 years ) VERY RARE
 Toddlers(3-5 years) VERY RARE
 Children (6-13 years) RARE
 Teenagers(14-18years) RARE
 Young adults (19-40years) RARE
 Adults(41-60years) RARE
 Seniors(60+ years): RARE

6. RISK FACTOR
 Pregnant women
 Children
 Immunocompromised patient
 vitamin E deficiency

7. CAUSES
 Viral infection – coxsackie A and B
 Tripanosoma cruzi
 Trichinella
 Lyme disease – borrelia burgdorferi
 Giant cell
 Drug associated
 Polymyosistis

8. CLINICLAL MANIFESTATION
 Rapid abnormal heart rhythm
 Shortness of breath
 Fluid retention with swelling of your ankles and legs.
 Other symptoms due to viral infection such as a headache , body
aches , joint pain , fever….
IN CHILDREN
 Fever
 Fainting
 Rapid breathing
 Arrhythmias

10. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

11. COMPLICATIONS
 Heart failure.
 Heart attack.
 Rapid or abnormal heart rhythms.
 Sudden cardiac deaths.

12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 CBC
 ESR
 Cardiac enzyme levels
 Viral genome testing
 Electrocardiography
 Cardiac angiography

13. MANAGEMENT

14. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Corticosteroid therapy
 Beta blockers
 ACE inhibitors
 Diuretics
 Antibiotic therapy

15. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
 Implantation of pace maker.
 Heart transplant.

18. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Pain related to inflammation of the myocardium as evidenced
by assessment with the pain scale.
 Ineffective breathing pattern related to imbalance oxygen
supply and demand as evidence by fatigue and restlessness.
 Decrease in cardiac output related to degeneration of heart
muscles , deceased in contractibility of the ventricles .
 Anxiety related to health problem issues as evidenced by facial
expression.
 Deficit knowledge about disease condition as evidenced by
inappropriate verbalization about the treatment