Uses of drones in general and in agriculture.pptx

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Guided by
Dr. A.L. Rathore
(Professor)
Department of Agronomy
Presented by
Himalay Sahu
(Ph.D. scholar)
Session 2022-23
Department of Agronomy
Doctoral Seminar on
Uses of Drone Technology in general and in
Agriculture

Introduction
History of drones
Types of drones
Different parts of drones
How does drone technology work ?
Uses of drone technology in different sectors
Agricultural applications of the drone
Conclusion
Contents
1
By-Himalay Sahu, Ph.D. Scholar, Deptt. Of Agronomy

A drone is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled
or fly autonomously using software-controlled flight plans
in its embedded systems.
The term drone usually refers to any unpiloted aircraft.
OR unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
They work in conjunction with onboard sensors and a
global positioning system (GPS).
Introduction
2

 In 1898
 Nikola Tesla premieres a
small radio operated boat
at a madison Square
garden exhibition.
 In 1849 (Air Balloons)
 Austrians used balloons to
drop bombs during attack
on city of Venice.
History of Drones
3

 In 1918 (Kettering Bug)
 Designed to drop bombs
on targets during world
war I.
 In 1935 (Queen Bee)
 Created in the UK.
 This drone was used by the
military for moving target
practice.
4

 In 1982 (Battlefield UAV’s)
 A major milestone, Israel
changed the way world was
seeing drones.
 Destroyed many Syrian
aircrafts with minimal loss
using UAV’s
 In 1964-1969
(The lightning Bug)
 It was created for
surveillance during the
cold war by the united
states.
5

 In 2001 (Present Predator)
 Designed in the US.
 This drone is used for
surveillance and targeted
warfare.
 In 2020-21(China reveals
top secret AI drone)
 Given instruction to patrol
waves
 Used sensors detect
submarine
6

2. Fixed-wing drones
 Longer flight time
 Can carry a heavier payload
 Greater stability in the wind
 Higher flight speeds
1. Multi-rotor drones
 Easy to control and
maneuver
 VTOL and hover flight
 Often lower price
 Portability
Different types of Drones
 Types of drones according to wing types
7

4. Fixed-wing hybrid VTOL
drones
 VTOL and hover
 Long-endurance flight
 Fast speed
 Heavier payload capability
3. Single-rotor helicopter
drones
 VTOL and hover flight
 Long endurance (with gas
power)
 Heavier payload capability
 Types of drones according to wing types
8

 Types of drones according to drone range
1. Very close-range drones
 Flight distance- 5 km
 Flight time- 1hour
 Use- recreation
2.Close-range drones
 Flight distance- upto 50 km
 Flight time- 1 to 6 hour
 Use-Military surveillance and Aerial photography
9

3. Short-range drones
 Flight time- 8-12 hours
 Use- Large-scale surveillance
Mapping and surveying
Utility inspection
4. Mid-range drones
 Flight time- 24 hour
 Use- Military combat and surveillance
5. Long-range drones
 Flight distance- More than 644 km
 Flight time- More than 24 hours
 Use- Military surveillance and espionage
 Weather tracking
 Geographic mapping
10

Components of Drones
11

Sensors used in Drone
 Visual Sensors
 Thermal Sensors
• Aerial mapping
• Imaging
• Plant counting
• Surveying
• Heat Signature
detection
• Livestock
detection
• Surveillance
• Water source
detection
• Emergency
response
• Plant health
measurement
• Water quality
assessment
• Vegetation index
• Full spectral
sensing
• Hyperspectral Sensors
• LIDAR Sensors
• Useful in 3D
digital surface
modelling
• Surface
variation
detection
• Flood mapping
• Short range
12

 Crop monitoring
How does drone technology work ?
Establishing a boundary, analysis of
the area
The camera takes 1 capture per
second and
Stored into memory and sends to the
ground station through telemetry
The stored data analysed by
geographical indicator NDVI
13

Normalized deviation vegetation index (NDVI)
 NDVI = (NIR - Red)/(NIR + Red)
 Using the simple equation above, which returns values
between -1 and 1, a higher value represents a healthier
plant.
14

 Sprinkling system
 The sprinkling system as two modules- 1) sprinkling system
2) Controller.
 The sprinkling system contains the spraying content
(pesticides or fertilizers) and a nozzle for spraying.
 Controller used to activate the nozzle of the sprayer.
 A pressure pump is pressurizes the pesticide to flow
through the nozzle.
 A motor driver integrated circuit is used to pressure the
pump as per the requirement.
15

Drone Model Sprinkling speed Nozzle type
RMAX Yamaha
motor
47 l/ha Flat fan
Quad copter 1 l/minute Flat fan
N-3 type 0.6-1 l/ha Centrifugal
DJI S-900 0.2 MPa (Pressure) Flat fan nozzle
Z-3 UAV 850 ml/sec Electrical centrifugal
N-3 UAV 850 ml/sec Rotry automizer
Table:- Analysis of different spraying system
16

Fig. Centrifugal Nozzle
Fig. Flat fan Nozzle
17

Application of Drones in different sectors
• Defence
18

 Criteria for selection of agricultural drones
 Durable
 Versatile in use
 Extended time of flight
 Easier in handling/operations
 Easier in retrieval of data
 Higher credibility of data
 Affordable cost
20

 Terrain Mapping
 Companies like Folio 3 (AI drones) are able to do terrain
mapping for better management of the agricultural
industry.
 The advanced computer vision capabilities of drones
enable them to accurately map the terrain and offer real-
time feedback to farmers for efficient planning and
management of fields.
22

 Monitoring Field Conditions
 used to monitor the health of soil and field conditions.
 Field elevation is useful in determining drainage
patterns and wet/dry spots which allow for more efficient
watering techniques.
 It offers nutrient level monitoring in soil using enhanced
sensors. This allows for precise application of fertilizers,
eliminating poor growing spots.
23

24

 Spray applications
 Drone use to apply spray treatments is already
widespread in south-east Asia, with South Korea using
drones for approximately 30% of their agriculture
spraying.
 Drone sprayers are able to navigate very hard to reach
areas, such as steep tea fields at high elevations.
 Drones sprayers delivery very fine spray applications that
can be targeted to specific areas to maximize efficiency
and save on chemical costs.
25

26

 Scouting/monitoring plant health
 Drones equipped with special imaging equipment called
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) use
detailed colour information to indicate plant health.
 Agricultural drones fitted along with multispectral sensors
and RGB sensors also detect field areas inflicted by
weeds, infections, and pests.
 According to this data, the exact amounts of chemicals
needed to fight these infestations are known, and this
helps diminish the costs inflicted by the farmer.
27

28

 Irrigation monitoring
 Drones with hyper spectral, thermal, or multispectral sensors
detect areas that are too dry or require the farmer's
attention.
 Drone survey helps improve water efficiency and disclose
potential pooling/leaks in irrigation by providing Irrigation
monitoring.
 Using microwave sensing, drones are able to capture very
accurate moisture levels without the plants getting in the way.
29

 Planting and seeding
 Newer and less wide spread uses of drones in agriculture is
for planting seeds.
 Automated drone seeders are mostly being used in forestry
industries right now the very hard to reach areas can be
replanted without endangering workers.
 They are also able to plant much more efficiently with a team
of two operators and ten drones capable of planting 400,000
trees a day.
30

 Drone Pollination
 Researchers in the Netherlands and Japan are developing
small drones that are capable of pollinating plants without
damaging them.
 The next step is to create autonomous pollinating drones
that will work and monitor crop health without constant
instruction from operators.
31

 Livestock tracking
 Thermal sensor technology helps find lost animals and
detect an injury or sickness.
 In addition to that, We can set our drones with high-definition
thermal imagers and night-capable cameras to survey if
there are unwanted animals in their farms that are preying
on their livestock.
 Drones are currently being utilized at India’s Kaziranga
National Park to track human poachers who are
targeting the horned rhino.
32

 Prepare for weather glitches
 Drones can be used to detect upcoming weather
conditions. Storm drones are already being used to make
better predictions.
 Advance notice of storms or lack of rain can be used to
plan the crop to be planted that would be best suited to the
season.
33

Commercial drones available in India
 The Agras T30 (or T20 or T10)
Used for spraying purpose
40 kg capacity, a flow rate of up to 50 kg per minutes
a spreading width of up to 7 meters
ability to cover up to 40 acres per hour
Price- 22 lakh rs
34

 Agras MG-1- DJI
Octocopter designed, For spraying purpose.
Carry upto 10 KG of liquid payloads
Can cover 4000-6000 meter square area in just 10 minutes
which is regarded as 70 times faster as compared to manual
spraying.
Equipped with 4 nozzles for accurate spraying of fertilizer in
the field
Price- 7.30 lakh rs of 10 litre capacity
35

Conclusion
 Drones have already vastly altered the agricultural
industry and will continue to grow in the coming years.
 While drone use is becoming more useful to small
farmers, there is still a ways to go before they become
part of every farmers equipment roster, particularly in
developing nations.
 Regulations around drone use need to be made and
revised in many countries and more research needs to be
done on their effectiveness at certain tasks.
 There are many ways drones can be useful to farmers but
it is important to understand their limitations and functions
before investing in expensive equipment.
36
Conclusion

“Drones overall will be more impactful than think people
recognize in positive ways to help society.”
--By Bill Gates
37

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