NFGS_ch6.2_lecppt.pptx

1. Chapter 6.2
Reporting New Information
Copyright © 2022 W. W. Norton & Company

2. Introduction
• Presentations report new information to increase audience
awareness about a topic by answering who, what, where, when,
why, and how
• Katherine Rowan’s theory of informatory and explanatory
communication recommends four strategies for sharing new
information with an audience:
• Include a value step in the introduction
• Use a clear organizational pattern
• Use multiple types of supporting material
• Relate the information to audience interests and needs
throughout the presentation 2

3. Informing Audiences about Objects (1 of 2)
• Informing about objects, however, can be challenging because an
object is not by itself a purpose statement or central idea
• Broaden your focus based on your purpose and audience analysis
3

4. Informing Audiences about Objects (2 of 2)
Consider the following sample outline:
TOPIC AREA: Fire ants
PURPOSE: To familiarize audience members with the external anat-
omy of a fire ant
CENTRAL IDEA: A tour of the fire ant's external anatomy will help you
understand why these ants are so invasive and hard to
exterminate.
VALUE STEP: In addition to inflicting painful, sometimes deadly stings,
fire ants can eat up your garden, damage your home,
and harm your pets and local wildlife.
ORGANIZATION: SPACE ARRANGEMENT-a visual tour of the fire ant's
external anatomy
KEY POINTS: A. Integument (exoskeleton)
B. Head and its components
C. Thorax
D. Abdomen
4

5. Informing Audiences about People (1 of 2)
• Reporting new information about people is similar in many ways
to giving presentations about objects
• Describe the person’s life and accomplishments to tap audience
interests and emotions, making sure that your purpose, central
idea, value step, organizational pattern, and key points are a good
match
5

6. Informing Audiences about People (2 of 2)
Consider the following sample outline:
TOPIC AREA: Early female blues singers
PURPOSE: To demonstrate how three female blues singers of the
1920s have influenced popular musicians in later eras
CENTRAL IDEA: In the 1920s, Sippie Wallace, Bessie Smith, and Gertrude
"Ma" Rainey paved the way for other female blues
singers.
VALUE STEP: If you call yourself an honest-to-goodness blues and
rock-and-roll fan, you should know more about the
major contributions made by early female blues singers.
ORGANIZATION: STORIES AND EXAMPLES ARRANGEMENT-brief, inter-
esting biographies of each blues singer supported with
audio examples
KEY POINTS: A. Sippie Wallace
B. Bessie Smith
C. Gertrude "Ma" Rainey
6

7. Notable Speaker: Mileha Soneji, Part 1
From an early age, Mileha Soneji thought about how
products might be redesigned to better suit the needs
of the people using them. This led her to complete a
bachelor’s degree in product design and to pursue
graduate studies in strategic product design.
In 2015, she delivered a public speech about her
uncle’s experience with Parkinson’s disease and her
efforts to use human-centered design to improve his
quality of life. The spill-proof cup she invented for
him is available to the public and has been featured
on National Public Radio and the Huffington Post.
In her current position as a senior user-experience
researcher, Soneji focuses on using market analysis
and user needs to guide product design.

8. Notable Speaker: Mileha Soneji, Part 2
8

9. Notable Speaker: Mileha Soneji, Part 3
9

10. Notable Speaker: Mileha Soneji, Part 4
10

11. Notable Speaker: Mileha Soneji, Part 5
11

12. Informing Audiences about Events (1 of 3)
• As with objects and people, you can report new information about
historical or current events
• An event can be a single incident, or a series of incidents, a holiday,
or milestones
• An event may not to be famous, historical, or significant to a large
number of people, instead being important for a specific group of
people in a specific time and place
12

13. Informing Audiences about Events (2 of 3)
Consider the following sample outline:
TOPIC AREA: Diwali
PURPOSE: To familiarize audience members with facts about a
significant holiday in India
CENTRAL IDEA: Most Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, and Sikhs in India observe
Diwali as a family-centered national festival that cel-
ebrates universal values.
VALUE STEP: Learning more about one of India's major national holi-
days can help you understand that country's rich culture,
its focus on family values, and how those fundamental
factors affect US-Indian relations.
ORGANIZATION: CATEGORICAL ARRANGEMENT- the features of an
unfamiliar holiday supported with visual images
KEY POINTS: A. Origins of Diwali
B. Meaning of Diwali
C. The five days of Diwali
13

14. Informing Audiences about Events (3 of 3)
Consider the following sample outline:
TOPIC AREA: Our company's fiftieth anniversary
PURPOSE: To preview the events scheduled for the company's
upcoming anniversary
CENTRAL IDEA: The events for our fiftieth anniversary will have some-
thing for everyone.
VALUE STEP: Making our fiftieth anniversary celebration a success will
bring more attention and-as a result-more business and
profits for the company and benefits for employees.
ORGANIZATION: CATEGORICAL ARRANGEMENT-three main events
KEY POINTS: A. Dedication of the new office annex
B. Concert open to the public at the city's amphitheater
C. Speech by a nationally recognized industry expert
14

15. Informing Audiences about Procedures
• A procedure is a method or series of actions for doing something,
usually in a specific order or manner
• Informing an audience about a procedure focuses on how to do
something rather than why
• The tell-show-do technique can help you teach a procedure:
• Tell: Verbally describe how to do a procedure, sometimes with
presentation aids.
• Show: Physically demonstrate how to do a procedure with
accompanying verbal instructions, sometimes with
presentation aids.
• Do: Require audience members to do the procedure on their
own with supervision 15

16. Tell: Describe the Procedure
• Start by identifying the key steps of the process in order
• If needed, illustrate each step with a visual aid
TOPIC AREA: Cooking hard-boiled eggs
PURPOSE: To teach listeners how to make foolproof hard-boiled
eggs
CENTRAL IDEA: There are four steps to cooking perfect hard-boiled eggs.
VALUE STEP: Rather than wasting or throwing away cracked eggs, the
proper procedure will make sure your hard-boiled egg is
perfect.
ORGANIZATION: TIME ARRANGEMENT- step-by-step instructions
KEY POINTS: A. Place eggs in cold water and bring to a boil.
B. Remove from the heat.
C. Let stand for twenty minutes.
D. Rinse in cold water.
16

17. Show: Demonstrate the Procedure (1 of 3)
• Teach the audience how to do a procedure by physically
presenting a series of essential steps with verbal instruction
• If needed, use presentation aids to show how it’s done
• Demonstration speeches have two interdependent components:
verbal instructions and a physical performance
• The following guidelines can help you demonstrate a procedure:
• Start with why
• Speak without notes
• Encourage questions
17

18. Show: Demonstrate the Procedure (2 of 3)
• Use the following organizational framework:
• Purpose: What is the goal?
• Prerequisites: What knowledge, skills, and materials do you need
to make the presentation?
• Action: What steps or actions are needed to demonstrate the
procedure?
• Cautions and warnings: What should you avoid, what can go
wrong, and how can you fix it or solve a problem during the
presentation?
18

19. Show: Demonstrate the Procedure (3 of 3)
Consider the following sample outline:
TOPIC AREA: Sewing on a button
PURPOSE: To teach classmates the correct method for sewing on a
button
CENTRAL IDEA: By following each step carefully and correctly, you can
sew on a button that will stay put.
VALUE STEP: Because everyone has loose buttons or buttons that fall
off, you should know how to sew on a button correctly
and not embarrass yourself by having to ask or pay
someone else to do it.
ORGANIZATION: TIME ARRANGEMENT-prerequisites, actions, cautions
KEY POINTS: A. Materials
B. Step-by-step procedure
C. Common mistakes
19

20. Do: Audience Performs the Procedure (1 of 2)
• Informative presentations about procedures often include a
section where audience members are asked to do or at least try to
do the procedure
• Consider the example of the way a Starbucks manager teaches
new employees how to make a latte:
1. Tell. The manager provides a written recipe and describes the proce-
dure for making the latte.
2. Show. The manager demonstrates how to make a latte, one step at a
time.
3. Do. The manager asks each employee to make a latte in accordance with
the recipe.
4. Respond. The manager assesses how well employees are making the
lattes and provides constructive feedback that will help them improve
their performance.
20

21. Do: Audience Performs the Procedure (2 of 2)
• Note that when training people to perform a task they will be
required to do well, it is essential to provide feedback
• Audience interaction can enhance interest, learning, and recall,
especially when teaching a procedure
21

22. Conclusion
• Informative presentations that report new information can be
demanding for both speakers and audience members alike
• Reporting new information becomes even more challenging when
demonstrating a procedure
• The tell-show-do technique can help you navigate this difficult
process
• Including the do step makes your presentation a collaborative
undertaking that requires the full attention of everyone involved
• Seek and answer their questions and offer constructive
criticism and praise
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23. Credits
This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for Chapter 6.2.
For more resources, please visit The Norton Field Guide to Speaking:
http://digital.wwnorton.com/nfgspeaking.
Copyright © 2022 W. W. Norton & Company