1. Prepared by
Hazrat Bilal Malakandi
DPT, 10th Semester
IPM&R KMU Peshawar, Pakistan

3. • that deals with physical fitness, treatment and
prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise.
• ROLE OF A SPORTS THERAPIST
– Recognition, evaluation and assessment
– Prevention
– Management of the Individual Therapeutic Intervention, Rehabilitation and
Performance Enhancement
– Immediate Care

4. What is sorts injury?
• Any damage to tissues as a direct
result of participating in sports
competition or training and exercise,
which causes the frequency and/or
intensity of participation to be
changed or ceased.

5. • Incidence describes the rate of injuries in
a given time frame, in a given population.
• It is usually expressed as new injuries
sustained per 1000 hours of participation
time.

6. • For example if a marathon runner trains for 52
weeks of the year at 10 hours per week, this
gives them an injury exposure time of 520
hours.
• If they sustain 5 injuries in this time frame the
incidence is 9.62 injuries per 1000 hours
participation
• (5 ÷ 520 x 1000 = 9.62).

7. • The term prevalence describes the percentage of
athletes in a given population that have a sports
injury at a given time.
• For example if you were working with a tennis
club and 5 out of the 50 club players reported
lateral elbow pain the prevalence would be 10%.

8. • Sports Injuries Presenting to the Emergency Department: Mostly
a Pediatric Problem
• http://archive.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-ofemergency-medicine/volume-2-number-2/sports-injuriespresenting-to-the-emergency-department-mostly-a-pediatricproblem.html#sthash.Y4EGn0WI.dpbs
• Sports injuries and health problems among wrestlers in Tehran
• http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=3291
• Sport injuries in squash
• http://www.pjms.com.pk/issues/aprjun209/article/article14.html

9. • National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury
Research
http://www.unc.edu/depts/nccsi/
• Sports Injury Research Journals
http://www.physioroom.com/research/journals.php
• Sports medicine Australia Research Foundation
http://sma.org.au/membership/research-foundation/
• Journals links all over world on sports medicine
http://www.siprc.ca/links/journals.html
• Sports injury prevention research center
http://www.siprc.ca/links/journals.html

11. Acute versus overuse
• Acute injuries occur due to sudden trauma to
the tissue.The symptoms appeared almost
immediately.
• Overuse injuries occur over a period of time,
usually due to repetitive loading of the tissue,
with symptoms presenting gradually.

14. Tissue type

15. Severity
• Mild injuries usually last for 1–7 days, and
include hematoma , blisters, and DOMS.
• Moderate injuries usually last for 8–20 days, and
include low-grade muscle strains and ligaments
sprains.
• Severe injuries usually last for more than 21 days
but can lead to permanent damage. Examples
are fractures and high grade strains and sprains.

16. Primary versus secondary
• For example, an individual could get lower
back pain due to changing their posture as
they are limping because of a lateral collateral
ligament (LCL) sprain.
• In this example, the primary injury is the LCL
sprain as it is the original injury. The lower
back pain was caused as a result of the
original injury, so it is the secondary injury.

17. Common causes of sports injuries
• Sports injuries are caused by intrinsic factors
and extrinsic factors:
• An intrinsic factor relates to the individual’s
inherent, anatomical and pathological makeup.
• An extrinsic factor relates to various
environmental factors relating to training/
competition.

18. Intrinsic factor
•
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Leg length differences
Misalignment of the body
excessive quadriceps angle (Q-angle)
laxity of the joints
fatigued muscle
reduced flexibility or hyper flexibility
Muscle weakness or imbalance
Pre-existing injury
age

19. Extrinsic factors
• Excessive repetitive loading
• Sudden increases in frequency, intensity and
duration training or exercise
• Performing sport and exercise specific
techniques poorly
• Incorrect footwear
• too hard or too soft surface
• Uneven surfaces
• Being over or under-aroused

20. Preventing sports injuries
• Make sure to stretch, warm up and cool
down
• Increase your exercise level gradually
• Training and competition should take place
on an appropriate surface
• A risk assessment should be conducted.
• A technical observation of athletes to ensure
proper skills/techniques
• When jumping, make sure you land with your
knees slightly bent.

21. • The use of protective equipment
– footwear, helmets, goggles, gum shields, shin
pads, gloves, bindings, and shoulder pads
• Adherence to the rules and laws of the game
• Regular fitness testing
• Meeting nutritional requirements
• Psychological training
– mental skills training and practice
– reducing anxiety
– improve attention focus and concentration

25. Treatment of Acute Injuries
• PRICER
• Use of pain patches and topical ointments
• Use of heat after 48 hours
– When swelling is control
• Medication (NSAIDs)
– Examples include: ibuprofen, aspirin and
Naproxen Sodium

26. Treatment for chronic injuries
• Spinal manipulation
• Ultrasound: Deep heat is produced by high
frequency sound waves.
• Strengthening exercises
• Massage therapy: Manual rubbing can soothe
and relieve pain.
• Hydrotherapy
• Electro stimulation: A mild electrical current
provides pain relief by preventing nerves from
sending pain signals to the brain

27. World Worst Sports Injuries