2. What is Bladder Stone?
• Hard masses of minerals.
• Develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize.
• Often happens when you can't completely empty your bladder.
3. Symptoms
• Lower abdominal pain
• A burning sensation during urination.
• Frequent urination.
• Difficulty urinating.
• Blood in the urine.
• Cloudy or abnormally dark-colored urine.
4. Causes
• Prostate gland enlargement
* Can cause bladder stones in men.
* Can obstruct the flow of urine.
• Damaged nerves
* Nerves from brain, directing your bladder muscles to
tighten or release.
* If damage — from a stroke, spinal cord injury or other health
problem.
* your bladder may not empty completely.
5. • Kidney stones
* Stones that form in your kidneys are not the same as
bladder stones.
* Small kidney stones may travel down the ureters into
your bladder
* Can grow into bladder stones.
6. Risk factors
Bladder stones are common in children because of
• Dehydration
• Infection
• Abnormalities in the urinary tract
• Low-protein diet
7. Prevention
You can decrease your chance of developing bladder stones
by following these tips:
• Early diagnosis and treatment of an enlarged prostate or another
urological condition.
• Drink plenty of fluids especially water, may help prevent bladder
stones because fluids dilute the concentration of minerals in your
bladder.
8. Diagnosis
• Urinalysis
A sample of urine may be collected and examined for
microscopic amounts of blood, bacteria and crystallized minerals.
A urinalysis also helps determine whether you have a urinary tract
infection, which can cause or be the result of bladder stones.
• Computerized tomography (CT)
CT uses X-rays and computers to quickly
scan and provide clear images of the inside of your body .
• Ultrasound
An ultrasound, which bounces waves to create pictures in your body,
can help your doctor detect bladder stones.
9. Treatment
• Breaking stones apart (cystolitholapaxy)
A small tube with a camera at the end (cystoscope) is
inserted through your urethra and into your bladder to view the stone. Your
doctor then uses a laser, ultrasound or mechanical device to break the stone into
small pieces and flushes the pieces from your bladder.
• Surgical removal
Bladder stones that are large or too hard to break up are
removed through surgery.Doctor makes an incision in your bladder and directly
removes the stones.
