what is a slab types of slab what is a vault types of vaults case studies

1. SLAB
PARV PATEL
HARSHIL NAIR
BCD-5

2. WHAT IS SLAB…?
• Slab, a very common and important structural
element, are constructed to provide flat,
useful surfaces. It is a horizontal structural
component, with top and bottom surfaces
parallel or near so.
• The depth of a concrete slab floor is very small
compared to its span. Slabs may be supported
on two sides only or have beams on all four
sides.
• The concrete slab may be supported by-
1. Masonry or reinforced concrete Walls
2. Monolithically casted reinforcement concrete
beams
3. Structural steel members
4. Columns
5. The ground

3. TYPES OF SLAB
1.FLAT SLAB:-
Flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete columns or caps. Flat
slab don't have beams. They are supported on columns itself.
2. CONVENTIONAL SLAB:-
The slab which is supported with Beams and columns is called conventional slab. In this kind
of slab the thickness of slab is small whereas depth of beam is large and load is transferred to
beams and from beams to columns.
3. HOLLOW CORE RIBBED SLAB:-
Hollowcore ribbed slabs derive their name from the voids or cores which run through the
units. The cores can function as service ducts and significantly reduce the self-weight of the
slabs, maximizing structural efficiency.
4. HARDY SLAB:-
These kind of slabs are generally seen in Dubai and China. This slab is constructed by hardy
Bricks. Hardy bricks are hollow bricks and made up of concrete Hollow blocks
5. WAFFLE SLAB:-
Waffle slab is a reinforced concrete roof or floor containing square grids with deep sides. This
kind of slab is majorly used at entrance of hotels, Malls, Restaurants for good pictorial view
and to install artificial lighting.

4. 6. Dome Slab:-
These kind of slab is generally constructed in temples, Mosques, palaces etc. And Dome slab is
built on conventional slab. Thickness of Dome slab is 0.15m.
7. PITCH ROOF SLAB:
Pitch roof is an inclined slab , generally constructed on resorts for a natural look. Compared to
traditional roofing materials Tile-sheets used in pitch roof slab are extremely lightweight.
8. SLAB WITH ARCHES:
This is a type of slabs which is generally adopted in construction of bridges. Bridges are
subjected to two loads moving load from the vehicles and Wind load.
9. POST TENSION SLAB:
The slab which is tensioned after constructing slab is called Post tension slab. Reinforcement
is provided to resist the compression. In Post tension slab the reinforcement is replaced with
cables/ steel tendons.
10. PRE TENSION SLAB :
The slab which is tensioned before placing the slab is called Pre tension slab. The slab has
same features of Post tensioning.
11. CABLE SUSPENSION SLAB:
If the span of the slab is very long, then we go for cable suspension slab which is supported on
cable such as London bridge, Howrah bridge etc.

5. 12. LOW ROOF SLAB:
The slab which provided above the door for storage purpose is called. Low roof slab. Slab is
closed at all ends and open at one end. This slab lies below the actual slab and above the door
sill level.
13. PROJECTED SLAB:
The slab which has one side fixed and the other side is free is called as Projected Slab. These
type of slabs are generally constructed in hotels, Universities, function halls, etc.
14. Grads Slab/ Slab on grade:
The slab which is casted on surface of the earth is called a Ground slab. This type opf slab is
used in Basement floor.
15. SUNKEN SLAB :
Slab which is provided below the washrooms to hide the sewage pipes or sewerage pipes is
called Sunken slab. Since the pipes that carry water are concealed below the floor, care has to
be taken to avoid leakage problems.

6. LITRETURE CASESTUDY
Metropol Parasol
• Metropol Parasol is a wooden
structure located at La
Encarnación square, in the old quarter
of Seville, Spain. It was designed by
the German architect Jürgen
Mayer and completed in April 2011.It
has dimensions of 150 by 70 meters
(490 by 230 ft) and an approximate
height of 26 meters (85 ft) and claims
to be the largest wooden structure in
the world.Its appearance, location,
delays and cost overruns in
construction resulted in much public
controversy. The building is popularly
known as Las Setas de la
Encarnación (Incarnation's
mushrooms).

7. • Project: Metropol Parasol
Redevelopment of Plaza de la
Encarnacion, Seville, Spain
• Function: archeological site, farmers
market, elevated plaza, multiple bars
and restaurants
• Site area: 18,000 square meters
• Building area: 5,000 square meters
• Total floor Area: 12,670 sqm
• Number of floors: 4
• Height of the building: 28.50 meters
• Structure: concrete, timber and steel
• Principal Exterior: timber and granite
• Principal interior material: concrete,
granite and steel
• Construction period: 2005-2011
• Building/Cost: 90 Million Euro

8. Construction principles
• The canopy is constructed of vertical
laminated wood plates following a 1.5 by
1.5 cutting pattern. The assembled plates
thus form a grid structure, a grillage. For
safety reasons the restaurant is situated
on a composite steel platform. The wood
plates have been sprayed with a
polyurethane coating and painted in an
ivory white shade which visually brings
the individual pieces together. It also
results in the peculiar effect that the
structure appears simultaneously as a
built in-scale construction as well as an
over-size model. This ambiguity between
form, image, and structure is further
emphasized by the fact that the
construction has not been covered but is
laid bare; this accentuates the contrast
between the repetitious pattern of the
grid and the winding shape of the canopy.

9. PLAN

10. SECTION

11. VAULT

12. WHAT IS VAULT…?
• VAULT IS term for an arched form used
to provide a space with a ceiling or roof.
• The parts of a vault exert
lateral thrust that requires a
counter resistance. When vaults are built
underground, the ground gives all the
resistance required.
• The simplest kind of vault is the barrel
vault (also called a wagon or tunnel
vault), which is generally semicircular in
shape. The barrel vault is a continuous
arch, the length being greater than its
diameter.
The Cloisters, New York City
e.g. of Barrel Vault

13. TYPES OF VAULT
1. Dome
The inclusion of domes, however, represents a wider sense of
the word vault. The distinction between the two is that a
vault is essentially an arch which is extruded into the third
dimension, whereas a dome is an arch revolved around
its vertical axis.
2. Pitched brick barrel vault
Pitched-brick vaults are named for their construction, the bricks
are installed vertically and are leaning (pitched) at an angle:
This allows their construction to be completed without the
use of centring.
Selimiye Mosque
In a pitched-brick vault the
bricks lean (are pitched)
against an existing wall.

14. 3.Barrel vault
A barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault and resembles a
barrel or tunnel cut lengthwise in half. The effect is
that of a structure composed of continuous
semicircular or pointed sections
4. Groin vaults
A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as
a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced by the
intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.[1] The
word "groin" refers to the edge between the
intersecting vaults. Sometimes the arches of groin vaults
are pointed instead of round. In comparison with a
barrel vault, a groin vault provides good economies of
material and labour. The thrust is concentrated along
the groins or arises (the four diagonal edges formed
along the points where the barrel vaults intersect), so
the vault need only be abutted at its four corners.
Barrel vault in a mausoleum at
the Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires,
Argentina

15. 5.Rib vault
The intersection of two to three barrel vaults produces a rib
vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with
an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative
patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault
construction.
6. Fan vault
A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which
the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly,
in a manner resembling a fan. The initiation and propagation
of this design element is strongly associated with England.
The rib vault of Reims Cathedral, France.
Fan vaulting over the nave at Bath Abbey, Bath,
England. Made from local Bath stone, this is
a Victorian restoration (in the 1860s) of the original
roof of 1608.

16. LITRETURE CASESTUDY
• TRANSLUCENT DAYLIGHT – PINNACLE 350
POLYGON PYRAMID & BARREL VAULTS – THE
PEOPLES BANK

17. AFTER: Wasco’s energy-efficient polycarbonate glazed Pinnacle Skylight
adds glare-free light while adding to occupant health and comfort.

18. Barrel vaults with Lumira aerogel filled multiwall polycarbonate
panel laylites offer superior insulating capabilities while providing
UV protection and beautifully diffused full spectrum daylight
inside the building.

19. Wasco Sales Representative: Joe Burton Company
General Contractor: Northridge Roofing
Wasco Certified Installer: Mill Contracting

20. THANK YOU