This document provides an overview of open data, linked data, and web science through conceptual discussions, case studies, and proposed next steps. It begins with definitions of key concepts like open data and the semantic web. Case studies demonstrate current applications of open data through government initiatives and technologies like Google's Knowledge Graph and Apple's Siri. The document concludes by acknowledging challenges with open data strategies and advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration to realize the potential of linked open government data.

1. Making Emergent Creativity
Overview of Open Data, Linked Data and Web Science
Haklae Kim, PhD. , August 2012

2. Best Practices
London 2012: Open Data Olympics
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3. Today
This Presentation .....
Conceptual overview Case Studies The Semantic Web What We Will Do
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4. 4

5. Let’s Start
Big Data
“data that becomes large enough that it cannot be processed using conventional methods”
“Big Data is like Sex in High School–Lots of people are talking about it,
but few are having it.”
-Eric Hansen, SiteSpect founder and CEO
5

6. Definition
What is Open (Government) Data?
“Open”
freely
material (data) is open if it can be
used, reused and redistributed by
anyone
“Government data”
produced or
data and information
commissioned by government or
government controlled entities.
Source: Open Knowledge Foundation, 2010
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7. • Transparency
• Participation
• Collaboration
“My administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of
openness in Government.” – Barack Obama
“Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies – Transparency and Open Government” Jan 2009

8. Today
This Presentation .....
Conceptual overview Case Studies The Semantic Web What We Will Do
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9. 9
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10. Case Studies
Top 10 Apps: Data.gov.uk
Where Does My Money Go OurProperty.co.uk OpenlyLocal.com PlanningAlerts.com
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Source: Telegraph, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/7044147/Data.gov.uk-Top-Ten-Apps-so-far.html

11. Public Sector Dataset
The State of Open Government Data
Source: http://tinyurl.com/44rub56
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12. Open Data Strategies
Open data instruments
“The application of the four types of instruments by the five countries is depicted – the larger
the circle the more instruments are applied” – Huijboom & Van den Broek, 2011.
Education and training Voluntary approaches
US
AU ES UK DK
DK
UK
ES AU US
ES
DK
US ES
DK AU
AU
UK
UK US
Economic instruments Legislation and control
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13. Critical factors
Drivers and barries of open data policy implementation
1 Strategies and experience in front runner countries Closed government culture
2 Political leadership Privacy legislation
3 Regional initiatives Limited quality of data
4 Citizen initiatives Limited user-friendliness/information overload
5 Market initiatives Lack of standardization of open data policy
6 Emerging technologies Security threats
7 European legislation Existing charging models
8 Thought leaders Uncertain economic impact
9 Possibility of monitoring government Digital divide
10 Budgets cuts Network overload
Source:
Huijboom
and
Van
den
Broek,
2011
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14. Today
This Presentation .....
Conceptual overview Case Studies The Semantic Web What We Will Do
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15. Let’s Start
Web in Transition
“a steady progression from a document-centric Web to one that is data-centric, including the mediation of semantics”
(Source: Mike, 2007)
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16. Overview
The Semantic Web & Linked Data
“The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a
person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it,
you can find other, related, data” - TBL.
5 Stars Open linked data
★ Make your stuff available on the Web
★★ Make it available as structured data
★★★ Use open, standard formats (instead of excel)
★★★★ Use a open data format – URLs, descriptions
★★★★★ Link your data to other people’s data
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17. Overview
Growth of Interlinks
… Linked Data provides the means to reach the goal of the Semantic Web
– “the emergence of a Web of Data”
2007-05-01
2007-10-08
2007-11-10
2008-02-28
2008-03-31
2008-09-18
2009-03-05
2009-03-27
2009-07-14
2010-09-22
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18. Structured Wikipedia Multimedia Content
DBpedia BBC
Commercial Product Government Data
Best Buy UK Gov
October, 2011 18
295 interlinked datasets, approximately 31 billions triples

19. Question
What is the Semantic Web for?
Standards
Inference
Search
Intelligence
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20. Case Studies
Google’s Semantic Search
People should be able to ask questions and we should understand their meaning, or they should be able to
talk about things at a conceptual level. ... A lot of people will turn to things like the semantic Web as a possible
answer to that.“ - Google Vice President of Search Products & User Experience Marissa Mayer
an initiative launched on 2 June 2011 by Bing, Google and Yahoo!
to "create and support a common set of schemas for
structured
data markup on web pages."
Freebase is an open, Creative Commons licensed repository
of structured data of almost 22 million entities. An entity is a
single person, place, or thing connected by a graph.
The Knowledge Graph is a collection of information sources that
help discern a user’s specified intent with each individual query.
The graph is actually an encyclopedia with structured http://schema.org/docs/full.html
information obtained from the web. (currently, 200 million
entities)
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21. Case Studies
Apple’s Siri
Ask Siri how Apple recorded the best quarter in history for a tech company, and her answer should be: "Me."
Siri (Speech Interpretation and Recognition Interface) is Knowledge Navigator (1987)
an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge a concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John
navigator which works as an application for Apple's iOS. Sculley in his 1987 book, Odyssey.
A Brief History
- In December 2007 Siri, Inc. was formed by Dag Kittlaus
(CEO), Adam Cheyer (VP Engineering), and Tom Gruber
(CTO/VP Design).
- Siri Inc. went after funding and by November 2009 it had
secured $15.5 million investment, resulted in the creation of
the first Siri application, which debuted on the iPhone 3GS in
February 2010.
- Siri acquired by Apple; iPhone becomes the Virtual Personal
Assistant
(Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRH8eimU_20)
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22. Case Studies
Active Ontology
A processing formalism where distinct processing elements are arranged according to ontology notions;
an execution environment.
Basic concepts
* Ontology : A data structure
- Formal representation for domain knowledge
- Classes, attributes, relations
* Active Ontology : A processing environment
- Processing elements arranged according to ontology
notions
- Communication channels
P movie
P genre P actor P rating
rule set
rule
rule
rule
condition
condition
condition
action
action
action
(Baur et al., 2007)
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23. Why
Linked Data and Open Government Data
23

24. Linked
Data
life
cycles
1 2 3 4 5 6
data modeling publishing discovery integration use cases
awareness
thedatahub Neologism Google Refine VoID LATC 24/7 datacatalogs
LOD cloud DataCube RDB2RDF DCAT duke data.gov
prefix.cc Sindice Sig.ma data.gov.uk
CKAN

25. Today
This Presentation .....
Conceptual overview Case Studies The Semantic Web What We Will Do
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26. Reality Check
Data.gov in crisis
Data.gov, along with a number of other data-related sites of the government
such as USAspending.gov and Apps.gov, are slated to be shut down due to
budget cuts. The current annual budget of $37 million will be reduced to $2
million. – (Guardian April 11)
26

27. Reality Check in Korea
고려 사항
1 정부의 역할: 시스템 구축 vs 생태계 구축 - 통제가 아닌 효율적인 서비스 지향
- 데이터 공개 및 연계를 위한 로드맵 수립
- 정부기관의 데이터 소유 인식 전환 필요
2 데이터 플랫폼: 정부 vs 민간 vs 커뮤니티 - 자발적인 참여와 소비를 촉진하는 전략 필요
- 데이터 범주에 따른 차별화된 공개 전략
3 데이터 민감성: WikiLeaks vs Open Data - 데이터의 활용에 따른 최적화된 서비스 모델
- 서비스 범위에 따른 구축비용/운영 모델
4 서비스 범위: Domestic vs International - 국제 표준에 기반한 데이터 접근 서비스 제공
- 통계 기반 시각화에 한정된 모델 지양
5 데이터 내용: 통계/수치 데이터 vs 정보형 데이터 - 데이터 특성에 맞는 기술 적용 모델 수립
- 지능적인 데이터 매쉬업 지원을
6 데이터 형식: human-readable vs machine-readable 위한 데이터 모델링 검토
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28. Conceptual Architecture
Vision of Government Open Data
“realise significant economic benefits by enabling businesses and non-profit organisations to build
innovative applications and websites using public data.”
28
(Ding et al., 2012)

29. Conceptual Architecture
Roadmap of linked open government data
“the combination of machine power and human power and deliver higher-quality data to a wide
range of data consumers via visualization, mashups, and more.”
29
(Ding et al., 2012)

30. Summary
Data on the Web
Data is information about things
Data is something machines can process
Data drives applications (e.g. web sites, mobile services)
Data is relations among things
30

31. Summary
Open Data vs Linked Data
Open Data starts with making available the data that you already have, in whatever format.
• Equal access for all
Open Data • Licensing, legal issues
• Transparency
• Changing the way government works
• URIs
Linked Data • HTTPs
• RDF vocabularies
• Standards
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32. What We Will Do
Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Difficult
Concluding Remarks
Hope is not a strategy and the “change” has been
change for the worse, and not better. 32

33. References
- Charles Baur, Adam Cheyer, Didier Guzzoni, Active, a platform for building intelligent software
- Noor Huijboom and Tijs Van den Broek, Open Data: an international comparison of strategies, European journal of ePractices,
March/April 2011
- Li Ding, Vassilios Peristeras, and Michael Hausenblas, Linked Open Government Data, IEEE Intelligent Systems, May/June 2012
- Page 1: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/websci/Marius%20Watz%20-%20Web%20Science%20artwork.png
- Page 4: http://www.go-gulf.com/60seconds.jpg
- Page 9: http://cloud.frontpagemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/obama11.jpg
- Page 27: http://www.patentlyapple.com/.a/6a0120a5580826970c0168e5ccdd81970c-800wi
- Page 29: http://programminggeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Programming-Geeks-Web-Science.jpg
- Page 29: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C0Kyck90Djo/T4KZTg3k1XI/AAAAAAAAAsE/RUp165S0FCQ/s1600/Commitment.jpeg
Page 2 Case Studies
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/aug/03/london-2012-olympics-open-data
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19050139
- http://london2012.nytimes.com/results
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/interactive/2012/jul/23/could-you-be-a-medallist
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/datablog/2012/aug/13/olympics-2012-data-journalism
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/datablog/interactive/2012/jul/26/london-2012-price-olympic-games-visualised
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34. For more information
contact Haklae Kim via
haklae.kim@gmail.com
Twitter: haklaekim
Or read up on the
sonagi blog at:
http://blogweb.co.kr
http://thedatahub.kr