HOW THERMAL ENERGY CONVERT INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. DIFFERENT SECTOR OF POWER PLANTS AND IT'S WORKS.

1. SUBMITTED BY:
NAME-HIMANSHU KUMAR

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 POWER PLANT LAYOUT
 MAIN AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Thermal Power Station creates electrical
energy by burning coal.
 Thermal Power plant constitutes more
than 65% of the total electric power
generated in INDIA out of 85% of them is
coal based power plant.
 Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) was
established in 1948 under an Act of Parliament
for unified development of Damodar Valley
covering an area of 24,235 sq km in Bihar,
Jharkhand and West Bengal.
 DVC(DTPS) is a Thermal Power Project of Damodar
Valley Corporation (DVC) whose construction,
commissioning activity is undertaken by Bharat
Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).

4. THERMAL POWER PLANT
LAYOUT

5. MAIN AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS
 Coal conveyor
 Stoker
 Pulveriser
 Boiler
 Coal ash
 Air pre-heater
 Smoke stack
 Turbine
 Condenser
 Transformers
 Cooling towers
 Generator
 Power House
 High voltage power lines

6. MAIN PARTS
 Coal Handling Plant
 Main Generating Plant
 Ash Handling Plant
 Electrostatic Precipitator
 Switch Yard

7. COAL HANDLING PLANT (CHP)
 Coal Handling Plant(CHP) handles the coal
from its receipt to transferring it to bunkers.
 Wagon tipplers are used to unload the coal
into underground conveyer belts.
 Crushers are used to crush the coal into small
pieces which are then transported to coal
storage via coal conveyer.
 When the coal is to be used Pulveriser is
used to grind the coal into dust.

8. MAIN GENERATING PLANT
 Here, the burning of coal starts.
 It contains various equipment's which help in
generation of electric energy.
*Boiler
*Economiser
*Steam Turbine
*Generator

9.  Pulverized coal is put in boiler furnace.
 Boiler is an enclosed vessel in which water is heated and
circulated until the water is turned in to steam at the required
pressure.
 In Boiler steam is generated from demineralized water by
addition of heat.
BOILERS

10. SUPER-HEATER & REHEATER
 SUPER-HEATER
Super-heater is a component of a
steam-generating unit in which steam, after it has
left the boiler drum, is heated above its saturation
temperature.
 REHEATER.
Reheater is also steam boiler component
in which heat is added to this intermediate-pressure
steam, which has given up some of its energy in
expansion through the high-pressure turbine.

11. CONDENSOR
 Condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam
from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase
transition.
 Main purpose of a steam condenser in turbine is to
maintain a low back pressure on the exhaust side of
the steam turbine.

12. COOLING TOWERS
 Cooling tower is a heat rejection device that
rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through
the cooling of a water stream to a lower
temperature.

13. ECONOMISER
 Function is to recover some of the heat carried away in the flue gases up the
chimney and utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler

14. STEAM TURBINE
 Extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it
to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.

15. GENERATOR
 Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 Turbine is coupled with the Turbo generator that
normally spins at 3000 rpm in countries with 50 Hz
supply frequency.
 The generated voltage is stepped up in Generator
Transformer and the power is evacuated through
transmission line feeders.

16. TUROGENERATOR SPECIFICATION

17. ASH HANDLING PLANT
 Main objective of the ash handling plant is to Removal of ash from furnace.
 Transfer of ash to a fill or storage.
 Disposal of the ash

18. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
 It is a device which removes dust or other finely divided
particles from flue gases by charging the particles inductively
with an electric field, then attracting them to highly charged
collector plates.

19. SWITCH YARD
 Hub of electrical power sources.
 Exists in a generating station to coordinate the transfer
of power between generators and transmission lines.
 It contains current carrying conductors, transformers, circuit
Breakers, Isolator ,web trap etc.

20. CONCLUSION
As the population is increasing, the consumption of power
is also increasing. In order to meet the needs of future
generation, power should be used efficiently .We have to
give more importance to renewable energy sources for
the betterment of our future.