2. Route – a path of travel.
Colony – a settlement located in one
country but ruled by another country.
Convert – to change someone’s beliefs
to agree with yours.
Conquistador – a Spanish conqueror
and treasure seeker.
Empire – a conquered land of many
places and people under one ruler.
3. Expedition – a journey made for a special
reason.
Slave – a person who is owned by another
person and made to do work for no pay.
Legend – a story handed down over time.
Astrolabe – a device used by sailors to find
location using the position of the stars.
Caravel – a small, fast ship with special
sails for wind and travel on the rough seas.
4. Caravel -The caravel was used for
Astrolabe – an instrument
exploration by Christopher Columbus
on his journey to the New World.
that helps find the directions of
north, south, east, west using
the stars.
Synonym – ship
Synonym – compass
Empire – a conquered land of
many places.
Syn. Claimed colonies
Colony – a settlement located in
one country but ruled by another.
Syn: a settlement
5. In 1519 Hernando Cortes set out to explore the new
world (Mexico) for Spain.
He conquered large areas of North and South America
for Spain.
He set out to conquer most of the land in South
America for Spain (Mexico).
He defeated the Aztec Indians and their chief in 1521
and took over Tenochtitlan.
He found great wealth among the Aztecs and took over
all their wealth for himself and Spain.
The Spanish hoped to find gold in North America.
6. In 1519 the Spanish government commissioned
Alonso Alvarez De Pineda (1494-1519) to explore the
coast of the Gulf of Mexico to find a water passage
from the Gulf to the Orient.
Pineda sailed North from Cuba and followed the
coast from what is now western Florida to present
day Vera Cruz, Mexico.
During his 9-month expedition he mapped nearly 800
miles of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to find that
another explorer, Hernando Cortes, already had
claimed the land.
Explorers and governors were fighting over amid
document approval by royalty.
7. After escaping from Cortes, who had attempted
to capture him, Pineda sailed north, stopping
briefly near a river that was probably the Rio
Grande.
He may have died of wounds received in an
Indian fight there, since his return to Jamaica
never was confirmed.
Pineda's report and detailed map were
forwarded to governor Garay and then to King
Charles I of Spain.
8. Captain De Pineda and his crew were probably
the first Europeans in Texas to claim it for Spain.
One of the regions he explored and mapped was
the area around Corpus Christi Bay; de Pineda
entered Corpus Christi Bay on the feast day of
Corpus Christi, hence the name.
It did encourage further exploration along the
Gulf Coast that led to colonization by Spaniards
and other Europeans.
9.
10. 1528 Narvaez led an expedition to claim lands along the
Gulf of Mexico for Spain (present day Florida)
In April of 1528 a storm shipwrecks him on the coast of
Florida.
A series of hurricanes and fights with Native Americans
killed many of the crew, and the pilot of the ship sailed
to Mexico without the men.
The stranded men made 5 makeshift rafts to sail west,
hoping to reach a Spanish settlement in Mexico.
Three rafts sank, but the two surviving rafts (carrying
80 men) landed at Galveston Island (off what is now
Texas). Narvaez did not survive.
11. Cabeza de Vaca (head of the cow) was originally on
the expedition with Narvaez. He was one of the
survivors on the rafts that made it off the Texas
coast.
Starving and weak Cabeza de Vaca and about 80
survivors landed on or near Galveston Island as the
result of a Hurricane where they were soon captured
by the Karankawas, and originally treated as guests.
After the death from disease caused the Indians to
mistrust them and make them slaves.
12. Cabeza de Vaca remained with the Karankawas, as a
slave and then later as a medicine man for 8 years.
He later found 3 other Spaniards after he managed to
escape.
One of which was Estebanico, a black slave, that had
endured more than three years of cruelty by the
Indians.
13. They escaped together in 1535.
While held by Karankawas and Coahuiltecans, they
heard legends of Cibola.
Cabeza de Vaca and crew set out in 1539 to west Texas
through the desert and found a village of raided adobe
homes.
He later made it to Mexico and wrote a formal report
of his encounters with the Indians and the land
through Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.
14. In 1539, after Cabeza de Vaca’s report about his
experiences and thinking about the legend of the Seven
Cities of Cibola, Spain decided to send another
expedition.
They sent a group of soldiers and a priest, Marcos de
Niza with Esteban as a tour guide.
They explored parts of New Mexico and Arizona to find
nothing. The leaders sent Esteban ahead as a scout to
see if they were close to Cibola.
He did reach a Pueblo with the Zuni Indians.
When he did not return they went ahead a little further
to find a Pueblo that looked gold in the sun.
They returned back to Mexico to report what they had
seen.
15. In 1540, Spain sent Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
to explore the area thought to be Cibola.
They found a Pueblo that was empty, but no gold.
They continued and found an Indian tribe that
told them about a city called Quivira, a land of
riches.
They crossed much of the Texas Panhandle to
finally reach Quivira in the area now known as
Kansas.
It was an ordinary village, but had no riches.
16. 1542 Hernan DeSoto dies along Mississippi River around
Arkansas and his officer next in charge, Luis de Moscoso
takes over.
They quickly leave Mississippi River and go west arriving
in east Texas around the Caddo Indians. Possibly landed
in the later named mission of Nacogdoches.
They continued on a southwest course traveling until
they reached the Brazos River.
Lost and without an interpreter, they retreated to the
Mississippi River, built 7 boats and sailed down the
Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. They then sailed down
the coasts of Louisiana and Texas until they reached the
Panuco River in Mexico.
17. Juan de Onate explored the area in 1598 after the Spanish
took a short break from exploration.
His goal was to build a settlement and wanted to find gold.
He had 400 soldiers and 7,000 cattle
Spent 3 months crossing the desert south of Rio Grande
River.
April 20, 1598 the group crossed into Texas near present day
El Paso.
They named the site El Paso de Norte and celebrated.
He claimed the lands for Spain and continued north into New
Mexico.
He returned to Mexico and reported that he found no gold.
Spain decided not to send any more expeditions for 75 years.
18. In 1682, Cavelier, known as Sieur de LaSalle led an
expedition down the Mississippi River from Canada.
He claimed land along the way for France.
In 1684 he led another expedition to the Gulf of
Mexico from France.
He sailed pass the mouth of the Mississippi and a
storm shipwrecked him on coast of Texas around
Matagorda Bay in 1685.
Short on supplies because they lost the cargo in the
storm, he built a settlement and named it Fort St.
Louis after the King Louis XIV.
19. Settlement wasn’t successful because of crops and
Indians. Many settlers died.
In 1687, LaSalle decided to lead a small expedition to
find the mouth of the Mississippi.
Some of the crew blamed him for the deaths and killed
him.
After hearing of his death, the Indians killed the
settlers.
Fearing the French would control the land above
Mexico, the Spanish heard of LaSalle’s settlement and
decided to return to the area to claim it for Spain.
La Belle
20.
21. After hearing from two of LaSalle’s men that had
escaped to one of the Spanish missions in Mexico, the
Viceroy sent the news to Spain.
The King of Spain ordered that the viceroy send
someone to run LaSalle out of the area.
They chose Alonso de Leon, who had explored parts of
Mexico before.
1689 – DeLeon headed to Texas and reached the
settlement of Fort St. Louis.
The settlement was deserted and evidence that the
Indians had raided the settlement had been found.
DeLeon wrote the viceroy a report that they needed to
settle Texas before any other group did.
