ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION NC II.pptx

ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTION
NC II

Basic Competencies
• Participate in workplace communication
• Work in a team environment
• Practices career professionalism
• Practice occupation health and safety
procedures

Common Competencies
• Apply safety measures in farm operations
• Use farm tools and equipment
• Perform estimation and calculation
• Develop and update industry knowledge

Core Competencies
• Raise organic chicken
• Produce organic vegetables
• Produce organic fertilizers
• Produce organic concoctions and extracts

Elective Competencies
• Raise organic hog
• Raise organic small ruminant

4 Principles of Organic Agriculture
1.Principles of Health- sustain and enhance the
health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one
indivisible.
2.Principle of Ecology- based on living ecological
systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them
and help sustain them.
3.Principal of Fairness- build on relationships that
ensure fairness with regard to the common
environment and life opportunities.
4.Principle of Care- managed in a precautionary and
responsible manner to protect the health and well-
being of current and future generations and the

Philippine National Standard
PNS-2016
 Ra 10068 Organic Agriculture Act of 2010
“Promotes, propagate develop further and implement
the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines
that will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility
of the soil, increase farm productivity, reduce
pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent
the depletion of natural resources, further protect the
health farmers, consumers and the general public

Organic Certification
Importance of Certification
• Consumer Protection
• An effective Marketing tool
• Adds value to the product
PENALTY for Mislabelling “Organikuno”
• Imprisonment - 1 month to 6 months
• Fine - P50,000

Minimum Requirements for Organic
Agriculture
Length of crop conversion period
• For annual crops: at least twelve (12) months before the start of the
production cycle;
• For perennials crops: at least eighteen (18) months of management
The required conversion period may be reduced for the following
conditions:
• Land which have been cultivated for the past three (3) years, including
land used as pasture and timberland;
• Areas practicing traditional agricultural practices, which fulfill the
requirements of this standard; this area shall be verified through reliable means
and resources. In such case, inspection shall be carried out at least six (6)
months before the first harvest;
• Farm practicing organic chicken agriculture for at least eighteen (18)
months these areas shall be verified through reliable means and resources. On
such cases, inspection shall be carried out at least six (6) months before the
harvest.
• No conversion period is required in the case of non-cultivated land.
These areas shall not be exposed to prohibited inputs for a minimum of three
(3) years.

Prolong conversion/transition period
• Lands that have been heavily treated with
synthetic chemicals shall undergo conversion for a
minimum of three (3) years before the start of the
production cycle
Conversion of animal and animal products
• If animal product are to be sold as organic
products, the animal must be reared according to the
minimum requirements set in this standard for organic
production
• 1/3-2/3 policy

Beef and
Carabeef
Large ruminantslikecattlecarabao shouldbe organicallyreared atleast
360 daysbefore weaning
Veal Calvesto be used for meat product shouldbe organicallyreared 180 days
of organic rearing
Milk products Milk from lactatingbovine will onlybe considered asorganic after 90
daysorganic rearing
Mutton and
chevon
Sheep and goat should be organicallyreared at least 180 daysbefore
slaughter
Milk products Milk from lactatingbovine will onlybe considered asorganic after 90
daysorganic rearing
Pork Swine should be organicallyreared atleast 120 daysbefore slaughter
Meat products Poultyintended for meat productsshould be organicallyreared after 21
daysform hatching

Choice of crops and varieties
• Seed and planting materials shall be of high quality
and certified organic, when available.
• When certified organic seed and planting materials
are not available, non-organic seed and planting materials
may be used provided that they have not been treated with
pesticides and other inputs not permitted by this standard
• Thiram – Natural Plant- based Fungicide
• Materials allowed for the treatment of seeds include
the substances listed in Annex A.
• The use of genetically modified seeds, transgenic
plants or planting
• Materials is not allowed
• Plant varieties should be bred to retain natural
reproduction methods.

Crops rotations and soil management
practices
• Organic production system are soil based and
should care for the soil and surrounding ecosystems.
• Run off diversions or other means must be
implemented to prevent contamination of crop
production areas.
• Application of raw or undecomposed manure is
no allowed. Manure should undergo proper
decomposition methods.

Pest, disease, and weed management
• The use of synthetic pesticides (e.g. herbicides,
fungicides, insecticides, moluscides, nematiscides,
rodentiscides etc,) is prohibited.
• The release of local and acclimatized predatory
insects, such as earwig and trichogramma, and usd of
microbial pest control agents, such as bacteria(e.g. Bacillus
thuringiensis), virus (e.g. bassiana) are allowed.
• Physical methods for pest, disease and weed
management are allowed. Thermic sterilization
(solarisation) of soils to combat pest, disease and weed is
restricted in circumstances where a proper rotation or
renewal of soil cannot take place.
• Farm tools and equipment should be used
exclusively in organic farms. In cases that these are not
dedicated for organic production, there must be properly
cleaned and free for residues from synthetic pesticides.

Pollution control and contamination
• Buffer zones should be established to minimize
contamination from non- organic farms. These may
include, but are not limited to, multi-purpose tree
species of sufficient
• Products from buffer zones must not be sold as
organic.

Animal Husbandry management
• Management of the environment of the animals shall
take into account the behavioral needs of the animals and
provide for:
a. Sufficient free movement, as applicable;
b. Sufficient fresh air and natural daylight according to
the needs of the animals;
c. Protection against excessive sunlight ,
temperatures, rain and wind according to the needs of the
animals;
d. Enough lying and/ or resting are according to the
needs of the animals. For all animals requiring bedding,
natural materials shall be provided;
e. Free access to fresh water and according to the
needs of the animals; and
f. Access to pasture

Landless animal husbandry systems and / or
complete confinement of animal systems (e.g
‘battery- type’ cage, single pen) are prohibited
a. Animals about to give birth or have just give
birth should be separated from other animals and
should be given the necessary veterinary attention;
and
b. As part of biosecurity measures, sick, injured, or
disabled animals should be given the necessary
veterinary attention.

Mutilations and animal identification
• Mutilations are prohibited. However, the
following methods are exceptions in specific cases that
these can improve the welfare, health or hygiene of
the animals or for safety reasons:
 a. Castration;
 b. Tail cutting of lambs;
 c. Tail docking of pigs;
 d. Trimming of beaks;
 e. De-horning;
 f. Nose and limb ringing, for restraining; and
 g. Cutting of teeth

• The following methods of identification of
animals are allowed;
 a. Tattooing
 b. Ear notching
 c. Ear tagging; and
 d. Wing tagging
 • These practices shall not be cause suffering and
comply with existing regulatory requirements of the
authority. Qualified personnel should carry these
practices at the most appropriate age and any
suffering to the animals is reduced to a minimum.
 • Keeping the animals tethered is prohibited.
However, the tethering of animals is allowed of this is
necessary for safety or welfare reasons, and that
such tethering is for a limited time only.

 Animal nutrition
 • Giving due to consideration to the low
availability of organic feed and roughage, the
following proportion of feed ration based on the dry
matter requirement particular to each animals are
allowed:
 Year
 Year 1 50% non- organic feed, 50% organic feed
 Year 4 100% organic feed

 • In the formulation of organic feed, the following
ingredients/ raw materials are not allowed:
 a. Synthetic growth promoters or simulants;
 b. Preservatives, except when used as a processing
aid;
 c. Artificial coloring agent;
 d. Urea and other synthetic nitrogen compounds;
 e. Slaughter waste and other deceased animals parts;
 f. Dropping, dung or other manure;
 g. Feed ingredients subjected to solvent extraction
(e.g. with petroleum products);
 h. Synthetic and/ or chemically isolated amino acids;
 i. Genetically engineered microorganisms or products
there of;
 j. Synthetic antibiotics; and
 k. Synthetic and/ or chemically isolated vitamins and
minerals

 Bio-security
 • Mandatory biosecurity and quarantine
procedures should be well implemented its spread
within the farm.
 • The use of antibiotics for prophylactic/
preventive purpose is not allowed; however,
vaccinations are allowed.

 Transportation
 • The transport of organic animals shall be separated from
conventional and shall be well organized and appropriate to
the needs of the animals, taking into consideration of the
following factors:
 a. Stress caused to the animals;
 b. Fitness of the animals;
 c. Process of loading and unloading;
 d. Mixing different groups animal or animals of different sex;
 e. The grip of the feet on the floors and ramps;
 f. Equipment used;
 g. Extremes temperatures and relative humidity; and
 h. Hunger and thirst
 • Appropriate measures such as separate schedule of
stocking during pre- slaughter and separate schedule or
facility shall be implemented during slaughter to prevent
commingling and contamination animals. Separate slaughter
house for organic is recommended

What is the conversion period from
conventional to organic farming?
 A: Annual crops (vegetables, rice and corn) – 12
months
 B. Perennial crop (banana, fruits, papaya) – 18
months
 **Note: for Lands heavily treated with synthetic
chemicals over several years- 3 years
 For new land/ virgin land –no conversion period

I cannot find sources seed. Can I buy
hybrid treated seeds from seed
companies?
A: No. the use of raw materials is prohibited due to the
presence of pathogenic microbes, heavy metals and
residues of prohibited substances. The raw manure
must be decomposed properly before it can be applied
to vegetable crops.
My style of pasture for my livestock is nomadic. Is
it allowed in organic agriculture?
A: Yes. Nomadic or mobile/ roaming culture of
livestock is allowed.

My organically grown pigs will be
slaughtered in a double A standard
slaughter house but it is 5 hours away
from our farm. Will I be allowed by the
OA law?
 A: Yes. Transport time to the slaughter house should not
exceed 8 hours.
 Our slaughter house does not have stunning facility .
Can we use any hard materials like hammer, mallet or
baseball bat to minimize our pigs.
 A: No. stunning facility must be used and should be in
good working order and should affect the deep laying
parts of the brain in one (quick) act.

Is hydroponic without (chemical
pesticides) considered organic?
 A: NO. the organic agriculture is based on soil-
based agriculture. The concept is feeding the soil will
feed the plant.
 My neighbour farmers are not practicing organic
farming. Can I still be certified?
 Yes, as long as buffer zones are in place. Minimum
of 1 meter distance from the neighbour farm. With
buffer crops e.g. kakawate in the perimeter. Water
source must pass through filtration pond (if shared
water source).

Can I feed my earthworm with commercially
grown vegetables from the market and still
use their poops as my organic fertilizer.
A: Yes. However, it should properly decomposed by
microorganism before feeding. The complex digestive
of an earthworm allows 100% decomposition of
organic matter. Based on lab test, there is no trace
chemical in earthworm castings.
*Is night soil allowed in an organic agriculture? It is
allowed In India, China, Thailand and other countries
but not in the Philippines

Is vaccination allowed in growing organic
livestock?
 A: Yes. It is allowed. However, you won’t need It if
you will use effective an beneficial microorganisms.

I am a poultry grower of 45 days old broiler type chickens in
a conventional poultry house but I do not give them anti-
biotic and synthetic growth hormones. I do not buy
commercial feeds. Will I be considered organic?
 A: No. according to PNS, the area should not be < 1 meter per head
and pig must be allowed to roam around mimicking their natural
environment.
 Inspection Tips
 • All areas will be checked for traces of prohibited substances
e.g. empty
 • Chemical residue test is optional (case to case basis)
 • Farm helpers/ neighbors will be interviewed
 • Plant color will be checked
 • Traces of dead insects will be checked
 • Buffer zones/ buffer crops will be checked
 • Receipts for acquired farm inputs will be checked
 • Sprayers will be scrutinize
 • Warehouse will be checked
 • Presence of beneficial insects will be checked

RAISE ORGANIC CHICKEN
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the students/trainees will
be able to:
 LO1. Select healthy stocks
 LO2. Determine suitable chicken house
requirements
 LO3. Install cage/ housing equipment
 LO4. Feed chicken
 LO5. Grow and Harvest chicken

Breed of chickens-native
Paraokan
 From Palawan and
MIMAROPA
region
 Broiler type
 Tall and slender
body
 Feisty often used as
game fowls
 Has tender and
flavourful meat
 Black with brown
and red feathers
 Strong immune
system

Darag
 From Panay Island
and Visayas region
 Broiler type
 Meat is tastier than
paraokan(claimed as
the most delicious
chicken meat in the
whole Philippines)
 Have red, black
orange feathers
 Average size (1.5-2
kg live weight)
 Strong immune
system

Banaba
 From
CALABARZON
region
 Bigger in size
compared to
paraokan and
banaba
 Broiler type
 Strong immune
system

Breeds of Chickens- Imported
Sasso
 Brown to light brown
feathers
 Plump and short bodies
 Rarely flies and often
grounded
 Tasty and tender meat
 Broiler and layer type

Chinese Chicken (Ulikba)
 Broiler type
 Highly expensive
(P100/kl)
 The Chinese believe
that its meat has
medicinal properties
 Has white feathers but
meat and bones are all
black
 Short and puffy
bodies

White Leghorn
 Popularly known as
the “45 day old”
chicken
 Broiler and layer type

Rhode Island
 Layer Type
 Short but big bodied
 Produces large sized
eggs
 Mostly grey,
sometimes brown
feathers

Incubator
The Use of Incubator
 Artificial incubation is preferred over natural incubation
 Uniformity of sizes of chicks
 May cross breed chickens do not brood
 Inexpensive
 Maximizes productivity of egg-laying hens
 Chicken hatches in 21 days
 Temperature in the incubator ranges from 37.5-37.8 degree Celsius
The Eggs needs to turn every 4 hours for equal distribution of heat

Incubation
 Candling- a method used in the incubation process to determine whether the embryo
inside the egg is developing or not. This help breeder farms to measure the fertility
rate of their stocks.
 Candling schedule of Chicken eggs
a. 7th
day
b. 12th
day
c. 18th
day
CANDLING MACHINE

How to Determine the Sex of a Chicken
1. Look at their wing feathers.

4. Monitor comb development at 6 weeks

5. Examine the saddle feathers if the chick is between 8 and 10 weeks old

SELECTING GOOD STOCK AND CARING
Of CHICKEN
 Qualities of a good stock
• No deformities
Bright red comb, no discoloration and deformation

• Dry behind • No rancid odor
• Agile, energetic and alert

• Shiny feathers
• Dry and clean beak
Bright eyes

Caring Chicken Day 1 to 21
 1 watt per chick for heating bulbs
 Better to use several bulbs 1 smaller
wattages e.g. 10x10w vs. 1x100 w bulb
 Monitor closely for sign stress
 Brooding house space= 1sqm per 50 chicks

 Water and Feed
 Waterers and Feeders must be cleaned daily
 Replace drinking water everyday
 Feeding is unlimited
 Feeding trays and drinking canister
 must never be empty
 for the 1st and 21st days.
Recommended brooding temperature
during the first week
Day Temp (degrees celcius)
1 34
2 34
3 34
4 32
5 32
6 30
7 30

 Ranging, Day 22 until slaughter (80 days)
 • Space requirements: 3 heads: 1sqm
 • Let the chicks freely range in open air,
 eating fresh grass, insects and earthworms
 • Maintain mixing IMO, LABS, FAA,FPJ,FFJ
 in their drinking water everyday

DETERMINE SUITABLE CHICKEN HOUSE
REQUIREMENTS
RangingHouse
• Should be located on the highest
point to prevent flooding inside.

 • Must be safe from predators like rats, cats,
dogs, ants, birds and snakes
 • Provide fencing buried to the ground
 • Provide light, heat and water
 • Must have shaded areas
 • Location should be well drained
 • Lay sand, rice hull, carbonized rice hull or
sawdust for absorbent flooring

 Low-Cost Housing for Free Range Poultry
• Ambient temperature –
poultry have increased energy
requirements to maintain
normal body temperature in
cold & hot ambient
temperatures. Food digestion
processes produce body heat,
but the amount varies
according to the nutrient
composition of the diet.

• Housing system – the type of
housing system will influence the level of
activity of the birds and therefore their
energy requirements.

BROODING REQUIREMENT
• Proper Temperature
o 1-7 days old -32.2-
35degC
o 8-14 days old – 29.4-
32.2
o 14-21 days-26.7- 29.4
● No Thermometer?
Chicks are evenly
distributed in the brooding area;
Very active
● Low Temperature
Chicks huddle to each other
Stay together near the
source of heat
Produce an unusual
chirping sound
●Temperature is very low
Chicks pile on top of one
another causing high incidence of
mortality due to suffocation
● Temperature is very high
They move away from the
light
They spread their wings,

 Feeds Formulation
 Poultry diets must be formulated to provide all of the
bird’s nutrient requirements if optimum growth and
production is to be achieved.
 If animals are to be productive, it is important
that they get suitable food in sufficient quantities.
The appropriate quantity and the mix of feed items
will of course depend on the type of animal. A
balance diet will keep an animal healthy and
productive.

Pre- Starter feed formulation (1-21 days old)
22.5 kg rice bran or D1 grade
22.5 kg corn bran
(Carbohydrates)
8 kg copra meat/meal
(fats/lipids)
40 kg soya meal/fish meal/ duckweed/moringa
(Protein)
2 liters FAA/FFJ/FPJ
(Vitamins)
3 kg carbonized rice hull
2 kg rock salt/sea salt
(minerals)
400 ml IMO
400 ml molasses
(Pro-biotics)
20 liters water (no chlorine)

 Starter feed formulation (20-30 days old)
 25 kg rice bran or D1 grade
 25 kg corn bran
 (Carbohydrates)
 8 kg copra meat/meal
 (fats/lipids)
 35 kg soya meal/ fish meal/ duckweed/ moringa
 (protein)
 2 liters FAA/FFJ/FPJ
 (vitamins)
 3 kg carbonized rice hull
 2 kg rock salt/sea salt
 (minerals)
 400 ml IMO
 400 ml molasses
 (Pro-biotics)
 20 liters water (no chlorine)

 Finisher feed formulation (30 days old-market)
 30 kg rice bran or D1 grade
 30 kg corn bran
 (Carbohydrates)
 8 kg copra meat/meal
 (fats/lipids)
 25 kg soya meal/ fish meal/ duckweed/ moringa
 (protein)
 2 liters FAA/FFJ/FPJ
 (vitamins)
 3 kg carbonized rice hull
 2 kg rock salt/ sea salt
 (minerals)
 400 ml IMO
 400 ml molasses
 (probiotics)
 20 liters water (no chlorine)

Days of Culture Kinds of Feeds Volume/Day/Chick Volume/Week/Chick
1-7 days Chick booster 5.57g-7 am 78g
8-14 days Chick booster 8.35g-7 am
8.35g-4 pm
117g
15-21 days Chick
Booster/starter
12.57g-7am
12.57g-4pm
176g
22-28 days Chick starter 18.85-7am
18.85-4 pm
264g
29-35 days Grower mash 28.28g-7am
28.28g-4pm
396g
36-42 days Grower/finisher
mash
35.35g-7 am
35.35g-4 pm
495g
43-49 days Finisher mash 38.85g-7am
38.85g-4pm
544g
50 days onwards Finisher mash 42.85g-7am
42.85-4pm
600g

FEEDINGREDIENTS QUANTITY
RiceBran(D1) 30kg
HammererCorn(notGMO) 20kg
ShreddedCorn 15kg
SoyaMeal 10kg
SeaSalt 0.5kg
Limestone 0.5kg
Water 10liters
EM1 50ml
Molasses 50ml
CopraOil 1.5liters

 Disease Prevention and Control
 Disease causing germs and parasites are present almost
everywhere. Like humans, animals have an immune
system which is usually able to cope with these germs.
And as with humans, the efficiency of the immune system
will be disturbed if animals are not properly fed, cannot
practise their natural behaviour, or are under social
stress.
 Health is a balance between disease pressure (the
presence of germs and parasites) and the resistance
(immune system and self-healing forces) of the animal.
The farmer can influence both sides of this balance:
reduce the quantity of germs by maintaining good
hygiene, and strengthen the animal‘s ability to cope with
germs.
 Of course: if an animal gets sick it must be treated. But
the farmer should also think about why the immune
system of the animal was not able to fight the disease or
the parasite attack. And the farmer should think of ways
to improve the animals living conditions and hygiene in

 Biosecurity
 6.7.1 Mandatory biosecurity and quarantine procedures
should be well implemented to prevent introduction of
disease into the farm and/or to control its spread within
the farm.
 6.7.2 The farm should have a written protocol of
biosecurity measures. Proper warning signage should be
provided.
 6.7.3 The implementation of biosecurity measures should
be continuously monitored to assess the effectiveness of
the program.
 6.7.4 The farm should have the appropriate and
functional lay-out and infrastructure to ensure effective
implementation of the biosecurity measures.
 6.7.5 Care should be observed that all “brought-in”
animals shall have undergone appropriate quarantine
measures/treatment.

 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS
07:2016
 Organic Agriculture 16
 - when an endemic disease is known or expected to
be a problem in the region where the farm is located
and where the disease cannot be controlled by other
management techniques; or - when a vaccination is
legally required

 .9 Transport and slaughter
 6.9.1 The organic integrity of animals must be
maintained throughout the entire process of
transport and slaughter. Each animal or group of
animals shall be identifiable at each step in the
transport and slaughter process.
 6.9.2 Animals shall be transported using a licensed
transport carrier (DA-AO 8 Series of 2004) and
accompanied by a duly licensed animal handler (DA-
AO 8 Series of 2004) responsible for the well-being
of the animals in accordance with the provisions of
the Animal Welfare Act (RA 8485) with appropriate
shipping permit.

 Herbal Treatment for Colds
 Note: Separate the chicks/ chickens with colds
 Prepare herbal ingredients:
 ½ cup fresh oregano leaves
 ½ cup fresh lagundi leaves
 ½ fresh bamboo leaves
 ½ cup hot chilli
 2 cups water
 Culling is the removal of unprofitable/ unproductive
chickens (sick, non-laying and poor producer).

 In case of disease outbreak
 • Isolate/ quarantine affected birds
 • Implement biosecurity measures
 • Review medication program
 • Consult organic expert
 Record Keeping and Traceability
 Productions records determine the efficiency of
 • Chickens
 • Management practice
 • Accurate farm records will provide the basic data in planning
 • Tool in measuring the farm business
 Kinds of Records
 • Strain and source of chicks
 • Feed Consumption
 • Medications
 • Productions
 • Financial record
 • Mortality Record
 • Inventory

PRODUCE ORGANIC VEGETABLES
 SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Upon completion of this module, the students/trainees
will be able to:
 LO1. Establish Nursery
 LO2. Plant Seedlings
 LO3. Perform Plant Care Activities ( and
management)
 LO4. Perform Harvest and Post-Harvest Activities

LO1 ESTABLISH NURSERY
 PREPARING A VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS
NURSERY
 A nursery is a specially prepared portion of land put
aside for raising seedlings. It acts as a
 temporary home for young plants until they are
eventually planted in a permanent garden.
 Seeds which need extra care should be grown in a
nursery. It is also cheaper to grow your own
 vegetable seedlings than buying from commercial
nurseries.

 Vegetables such as Cabbage, Onion, Tomato and
Eggplants are best raised in the nursery bed.
 Advantages of establishing a nursery include:
 § Makes planting, watering and maintaining
seedlings easier because everything you need
 is in one place.
 § Provides seedlings with protection from hot sun,
hard rains, strong winds and animal
 disturbances.
 § Allows seedlings to grow healthier, because there
is enough healthy soil and nutrients
 available and they get enough water.
 § Easy to control pests, diseases and weeds.

 Site selection
 The nursery should:
 • Be located near the planting site so that the
transplants are taken to the main garden to
 reduce damages that may occur where distances
are long.
 • Be located near a water source because watering
will be necessary.
 • Be protected from strong winds.
 • Should not be located on a slope unless it is
terraced since this may lead to erosion of
 fertile top soil but also the plants as well.
 • Should not to be located in a water-logged area

 Preparation of the Nursery
 Dig the nursery area deeply (at least 15cm) and wait for weeds to dry.
 After the weeds have dried, spread one wheelbarrow of compost/farmyard
manure every
 3 meters (about 7cm layer) and dig it into the soil.
 The nursery bed should be about 1m wide, this makes tending the seedlings
easy as it is
 possible to reach all parts easily.
 The length of the beds will vary depending on amount of seed to be planted
(but 3-10m is
 common).
 Leave a space of 30 - 40 cm between two beds. This walking area is
important and help
 in weeding, nursery care against diseases and insect pest and also for
draining out the
 excess rain water from the nursery beds.
 Raise the beds 15-20 cm high from the ground (particularly in high rainfall
areas) to
 prevent water logging.
 Remove all the clots, stones and weeds from the bed and level it.
 Water the bed

 LO2 PLANT SEEDLINGS
 Use good quality certified seeds.
 Plant the seeds in rows (some seeds such Spinach should be
soaked in cold water for 24
 hours before sowing).
 Make the lines at a spacing of 15 cm apart (use a string to make
straight lines).
 Make shallow furrows not more than 2 cm deep along the marked
lines.
 Spread the seeds thinly along the rows and cover with a thin layer of
soil.
 Mulch the bed with dry grass, then water. The mulch will help to
maintain soil moisture
 and temperature for better seed germination, suppress weeds,
protect bed from direct
 sunlight and raindrops, and protect seed against bird damage.
 To prevent seeds and seedlings losses in nursery bed, drench
nursery with a mixture of a
 fungicide (such as TRINITY GOLD, PEARL EXTRA) and an
insecticide (such as
 LOYALTY, ACCENT) immediately after sowing

 Germination
 The seeds will start germinating after 5 – 7 days
 Remove the grass and then put a shade over the
nursery bed
 The bed shade should be 1m high, with grass on
top but let some sun light go through
LO3. PERFORM PLANT CARE AND
MANAGEMENT
Watering
 Water the bed whenever it is necessary.
 Do not over-water the bed. This can create
environment for diseases and the leaching
 (washing away) of nutrients from the soil.
 Under watering will slow growth and wilting of

 Thinning
 This is the process of removing weak, unhealthy, diseased,
insect pests damaged and
 dense plants from the nursery beds. It aims to have seedlings
spaced about 0.5 - 1.0 cm
 from plant to plant.
 Thinning facilitates light and air to reach all seedlings. It also
makes it easy to monitor
 for diseased and insect pest attacked seedlings.
 Thinned weak but otherwise healthy seedlings can be planted
in another bed.
 Diseases caused by fungus
 Seed decay before germination
 Seedling rot
 Stem rot at the base
 Weed control
 Timely weeding in nursery is very important to get healthy
seedling. If there are some
 weeds in the seed bed, remove them manually by hand.

 Mulching
 To reduce maintenance of your landscaping, add
mulch above the ground level to every tree, shrub or
evergreen in their yard. A tree is not really planted
until its mulched. When a tree or shrub is planted, it
should be covered with dirt to the original depth that
it was in the nursery. Then, three to four inches of
mulch should be added over this. Mulch will do many
things. It will hold soil moisture so that watering can
be reduced.

 Hardening Seedlings before Transplanting
 Hardening is the process in which seedlings are given some
artificial shocks 7-10 days before
 up-rooting and transplanting them. This makes them better
withstand the more harsh conditions
 of the field. Hardening is done gradually over several days and
involves:
 Exposure to the full sunlight by removal of the shading.
 Reducing watering gradually.
 Trans-planting
 Seedlings will be ready for trans-planting 21 –30 days after
sowing.
 To reduce stress to seedlings, transplant early in the morning
or late in the evening.
 Just before transplanting (2 hours before transplanting) water
the nursery fully so that you
 will be able to remove each seedlings easily.
 Take out the seedlings with a ball of soil.

LO4 :PERFORM HARVEST AND POST HARVEST ACTIVITIES
Post harvest can be defined as methods and techniques applied to
increase the shelf life of the products. It includes harvesting, handling ,
storage, processing, packaging ,transportation and marketing.
Main elements of the post-harvest system
Harvesting. The time of harvesting is determined by the degree of
maturity. With cereals and pulses, a distinction should be made
between maturity of stalks (straw), ears or seedpods and seeds, for all
that affects successive operations, particularly storage and
preservation.
Pre-harvest drying, mainly for cereals and pulses. Extended pre-
harvest field drying ensures good preservation but also heightens the
risk of loss due to attack (birds, rodents, insects) and moulds
encouraged by weather conditions, not to mention theft. On the other
hand, harvesting before maturity entails the risk of loss through moulds
and the decay of some of the seeds.
Transport. Much care is needed in transporting a really mature
harvest, in order to prevent detached grain from falling on the road
before reaching the storage or threshing place. Collection and initial
transport of the harvest thus depend on the place and conditions where
it is to be stored, especially with a view to threshing.

 Post-harvest drying. The length of time needed for full drying of
ears and grains depends considerably on weather and atmospheric
conditions. In structures for lengthy drying such as cribs, or even
unroofed threshing floors or terraces, the harvest is exposed to
wandering livestock and the depredations of birds, rodents or small
ruminants. Apart from the actual wastage, the droppings left by these
marauders often result in higher losses than what they actually eat.
On the other hand, if grain is not dry enough, it is vulnerable to mould
and can rot during storage.
 Moreover, if grain is too dry it becomes brittle and can crack after
threshing, during hulling or milling. This applies especially to rice if
milling takes place a long time (two to three months) after the grain
has matured, when it can cause heavy losses. During winnowing,
broken grain can be removed with the husks and is also more
susceptible to certain insects (e.g. flour beetles and weevils). Lastly,
if grain is too dry, this means a loss of weight and hence a loss of
money at the time of sale.
 Threshing. If a harvest is threshed before it is dry enough, this
operation will most probably be incomplete. Furthermore, if grain is
threshed when it is too damp and then immediately heaped up or
stored (in a granary or bags), it will be much more susceptible to
attack from micro-organisms, thus limiting its preservation

 Storage. Facilities, hygiene and monitoring must all be
adequate for effective, long-term storage. In closed structures
(granaries, warehouses, hermetic bins), control of cleanliness,
temperature and humidity is particularly important. Damage
caused by pests (insects, rodents) and moulds can lead to
deterioration of facilities (e.g. mites in wooden posts) and
result in losses in quality and food value as well as quantity.
 Processing. Excessive hulling or threshing can also result in
grain losses, particularly in the case of rice (hulling) which can
suffer cracks and lesions. The grain is then not only worth
less, but also becomes vulnerable to insects such as the rice
moth (Corcyra cephalonica).
 Marketing. Marketing is the final and decisive element in the
post-harvest system, although it can occur at various points in
the agro-food chain, particularly at some stage in processing.
Moreover, it cannot be separated from transport, which is an
essential link in the system

PRODUCE ORGANIC FERTILIZER
 Organic fertilizers rejuvenate and improve soil
properties for better crop production. They contain
beneficial microorganisms and humus which, when
applied, will improve the soil’s physical, chemical,
and biological properties. Producing organic
fertilizers at the farm will ensure the addition of
humus to the soil for more efficient crop production.
Thus, farmers need to know about the proper
production of organic fertilizers.

 Organic Fertilizer is any product—in solid or liquid
form—of plant (except byproducts from petroleum
industries) or animal origin that has undergone
substantial decomposition. It can supply available
nutrients to plants with a total nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of 5-7%. This
may be enriched by microbial inoculants and
naturally occurring minerals but no chemical or
inorganic fertilizer material has been added to the
finished product to affect the nutrient content,
according to the Philippine National Standards
(PNS) for Organic Fertilizer, 2013.

 Compost/Soil Conditioner is any product, in solid or
liquid form, of plant (except byproducts from
petroleum industries) or animal origin that has
undergone substantial decomposition that can
supply available nutrients to plants with a total N, P,
and K of 2.5% to less than 5%. This may be
enriched by microbial inoculants and naturally
occurring minerals, but no chemical or inorganic
fertilizer material has been added to the finished
product to affect the nutrient content. Compost and
soil conditioner are used interchangeably in the
PNS.

 Biofertilizers are fertilizer material that contain beneficial
microorganisms and humus. They improve the soil’s physical,
chemical, and biological properties which are essential to crop
production
The following are important elements for rapid and efficient
composting:
 1. Moisture – Microorganisms require a particular moisture
level to thrive. The ideal moisture level for microorganisms is
between 40 and 60%. At this moisture level, compost
materials feel wet but no water can be squeezed out. Keep the
compost pile moist but not soggy. If the raw materials are too
wet, the pile becomes compact and airflow through the pile is
restricted. Wet raw materials make the pile anaerobic; thus,
the decomposition process slows and foul odor is generated. If
too much water has been added, turn over the pile frequently
to dry it. Fibrous materials such as sawdust can also be
added.
 2. Aeration – Microorganisms need oxygen during the
decomposition to break down organic materials more
efficiently. Therefore, it is important that the compost pile is
properly a

 . Temperature – The temperature of the pile should
be maintained between 40O and 60O C for 3 weeks.
The heat in the pile is generated by microorganisms
digesting the materials during the decomposition
process. Adjust the carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratio,
moisture, and oxygen until the bacteria have the
ideal living conditions to maintain the heat needed.
When temperatures become higher than 60O C, turn
over the pile to release excess heat so that
beneficial microorganisms will not die.
 4. Particle size of compost materials – Reduce the
size of raw materials to 1-2 inches to speed up the
decomposition process. This ensures that a greater
surface area is available for microbial activities.

 What are the benefits of using organic fertilizer?
 Organic fertilizer offers many benefits to the
environment. It improves soil tilth and structure;
increases soil’s ability to hold water and nutrients;
supports living soil organisms; helps dissolve mineral
forms of nutrients; buffers soil from chemical
imbalances; provides biological control of certain soil
pests; and helps return organic materials to the soil.

 What are the facilities and equipment requirements
in producing organic fertilizer?
 – Composting shed using locally available materials
 – Shredder
 – Drums for water storage
 – Flat and pointed shovels
 – Hoe
 – Wheelbarrow
 – Sieve
 – Water hose

 What is the best location for an organic fertilizer
production facility?
 Build the composting shed and set up the
composting pile in places that are not flooded and far
from potable water sources. This is to prevent water
contamination caused by leachate produced during
the decomposition of organic materials.
 What are the raw materials needed in the production
of organic fertilizer?
 The basic rule in composting is that anything that
was once a plant can be composted

 Consider the following in selecting raw materials
for composting:
 Greens” as nitrogen sources – These are good sources of
nitrogen with a low C:N ratio; generally have high moisture
content; and decompose quickly. A C:N ratio of less than 30:1
considered low. Examples of greens are green leaves and
fresh plant residues.
 • “Browns” as carbon sources – These are materials high in
carbon in relation to nitrogen and generally have a high C:N
ratio; are dry, and brownish; and decompose slowly. A C:N
ratio of more than 30:1 is considered high. Examples of
browns include rice straw, chipped branches, manure, and
sawdust.
 • In composting, a C:N ratio between 20 and 30 is ideal.
Green, fresh materials have a higher nitrogen content than dry
materials. Fresh grasses have a C:N ratio of 19:1. Leaves
have a C:N ratio ranging from 35:1 to 85:1; peat moss – 58:1;
corn stalks – 6-:1; straw – 80-:1; farm manure – 90:1; and

 What are the steps in producing organic fertilizer
 1. Collect raw materials
 a. Dried chicken manure. It is preferred as a
component in organic fertilizer production over fresh
chicken manure because fresh chicken manure
contains contaminants and harmful microorganisms,
and emits a foul odor.
 B.Sawdust or coco sawdust. This is a waste material
generated by the lumber industry. However, only
sawdust from lumber that is not chemically treated is
recommended. Sawdust is an excellent source of
recalcitrant carbon in organic fertilizer and is readily
available. Recalcitrant carbon has been found to be
stable in soil; thus, it aids in maintaining good soil
structure.

 C. Wild sunflower. It is known to be rich in nitrogen.
Adding it to the pile increases the nitrogen content of
organic fertilizer. It is found everywhere in the area and is
available almost all year-round. It is useful because it
also adds to the organic matter content of the organic
fertilizer.
 D. Trichoderma. This is a fungus found to be an efficient
decomposer because it enhances the composting
process. It is isolated from soil, decaying organic wood,
and other forms of plant organic material [Barak and Chet
(1986); Chet (1987); Harman and Bjorkman (1987); and
Howell (2003)]. They are free-living and are highly
interactive in roots, soil, and foliar environments. For
many years, they have been known for producing a wide
range of antibiotic substances. They parasitize other
fungi (Harman et al., 2004). They have been acclaimed
to be effective, eco-friendly, and cheap, nullifying the
undesirable effects of agricultural chemicals (Chaudari et
al., 2011), particularly organochlorines,
organophosphates, and carbamates (Singh, 2010).

 2. Shed the raw materials. Shredding is done to
physically reduce the size of raw materials for faster
decomposition. Materials should be shredded to 1-
inch diameters or smaller to enhance the process of
decomposition, specifically of tough and fibrous plant
tissues. Wild sunflower stems can be shredded up to
2-3 cm to provide a greater surface area for
decomposition.

 3. Pile the shredded raw materials. Do this layer by layer.
Prepare a maximum of six layers of materials. Each layer
is about 1 foot thick. The ratio of raw materials is 50%
chicken manure, 25% sawdust or coco sawdust, and
25% wild sunflower. (Rough estimates: a layer of
materials consists of two parts manure, one part sawdust
or coco sawdust, and one part wild sunflower, which are
spread on top of each other.) Trichoderma is usually
spread as a thin layer. tack the layers until the pile
reaches 1.5 meters (m) high. Apply water to each layer
until it is sufficiently moist. There is no need to put
ash/lime or bamboo breathers.
 Monitor the temperature of the pile with a thermometer
(0O-200OC, with a long probe). Maintain the temperature
between 40O and 60OC for 3 weeks. (a) chicken
manure, (b) sawdust or coco sawdust, (c) wild sunflower,
and (d) This can be done by regularly mixing the p

4.Water the pile. Water each layer of raw materials
after piling. Thereafter, water the pile regularly, at least
2-3 times a week.
 The materials must be moist. But keep it from
becoming soggy or compacted. Moisture content is
best between 40% and 60%.
 Avoid adding too much water to the pile to prevent
anaerobic decomposition. Foul odors result from
anaerobic activity and indicate lack of oxygen. If the
pile becomes too wet, increase turning frequency
and/or add fibrous materials to the pile in order to
reduce the moisture content and increase oxygen.

 5. Mix the compost pile. Turn the compost pile from
top to bottom after 2 weeks from piling. Repeat this
every week thereafter until the pile has fully
decomposed. Mix the pile to help break down tough
and fibrous plant materials efficiently. By doing this,
moisture and organisms that help break down the
raw materials are distributed evenly in the
composting materials.
 If a fungus activator such as Trichoderma is applied,
the pile takes 1-2 months to decompose. The
decomposition process without a fungus activator
takes 2-3 months.

 6. Cover with polyethylene plastic. Cover the pile
with black polyethylene plastic sheets to control the
temperature and maintain the required heat.
 7. Add carbonized rice hulls. Add about 2 kg
carbonized rice hull to 48 kg organic fertilizer to
prevent the occurrence and proliferation of harmful
fungi in the organic fertilizer.
 8. Air-dry the organic fertilizer. The standard moisture
content of organic fertilizer for the market is 30%.
Thus, air-drying is necessary to attain this desired
moisture.

 9. Sieve/refine the organic fertilizer. When lumps
have formed during composting, pulverize them
through the same shredder used in cutting raw
materials. Use a 2-millimeter (mm) mesh sieve to
produce uniformly sized and finer organic fertilizer.
 10. Bag the organic fertilizer. Pack the sieved/refined
organic fertilizer in 1 kg, 35 kg, and 50 kg plastic
bags or sacks.

How is organic fertilizer applied to vegetable crops?
 Organic fertilizer can be applied per crop as follows:
 First application: before planting
 • 2.5 tons per hectare (t/ha) organic fertilizer
 • 20 ml fermented liquid organic fertilizer/liter of
water
 Second application: 10 days after planting
 • 2.5 t/ha organic fertilizer
 • 20-60 ml fermented liquid organic fertilizer/liter of
water

 Third application: 30 days after planting
 • 2.5-5 t/ha organic fertilizer
 • 20-60 ml fermented liquid organic fertilizer/liter of water
 Basally apply a uniform amount of organic fertilizer either
in furrows or in hills before planting. Thoroughly mix the
fertilizer with the soil.
 After 10 days, apply another amount of organic fertilizer
per furrow/hill near or around the base of the crop, then
cover with soil. As organic fertilizer is a slow-release
fertilizer, a second application at this stage is necessary
to continuously provide the essential nutrients needed by
the crop.

 Thirty days after planting, apply organic fertilizer
during hilling up. Spread equal amounts of the
remaining organic fertilizer requirements near or
around the plants then cover with soil.
 What are the nutrients that organic fertilizer can
provide to plants?
 Organic fertilizer provides complete nutrients to
plants. It contains the entire macro- and micro-
nutrients essential to plant growth and development.
It also contains high amounts of organic matter
necessary for improving the soil structure and
provides the carbon for soil microorganisms.

 How much time is needed for the production of
organic fertilizer?
 One cycle of organic fertilizer production takes 30-45
days. In one year, eight production cycles are
possible.
 At the end of the eighth cycle, a net income of
P37,600–P57,600 can be realized. In other areas,
good quality organic fertilizer can be sold from P300
to P400/bag.

Raise Organic Hogs
 Major Considerations in Organic Hog Raising
 Traits/Types of Various Breeders
 Meat type
 Piglet production
 Meat & Piglet production, etc.
 Characteristics of Healthy Piglet for Organic Hog Raising
 No deformities
 Alert, active, agile
 Good body balance
 Good feeding habits
 Resistant to pests & diseases

 Common Traits of a Hog for Organic Raising
 The same body size from front to rear
 Good legs and feet
 Skin & hair are shiny/downy & straight
 Plump loin and hump, etc.
 Housing Requirements for Growing Organic Hog
 Good beddings
 Shaded (protection from extreme weather
conditions)
 Complete watering & feeding troughs
 Good ventilation/air circulation
 Good drainage system, etc

 Basic Materials for Hog House Beddings
 Rice hull
 Carbonized Rice Hull
 Sawdust
 Soil
 Salt
 Preventive Measures to Protect Stock from Diseases
 Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
 Use OHN as deodorizer and sanitizer.
 Proper feeding/nutrition.

 Raise Piglet to Market Age (120 days old after
weaning for slaughtering).
 Elements that Make Hog Organic
 All it eats are organic.
 Raised in a natural way.
 Hogs are treated as human, etc.

 Feeding Guidelines
 Supplement the sow with good ration if the milk supply is
inadequate
 to feed her piglets. There are many available brands (organic origin if
 possible) to choose from.
 When the pigs are about 1 week of age, start feeding them with a
 good pre-starter ration.
 Different rations are given at different stages of growth but a shift
in
 ration should be done gradually so as not to upset the pigs’ normal
 feeding behaviour. Always allow transition period of at least 1 week
 before making changes.
 A starter ration is next given to pigs when they are 30 to 35 kgs. or
 two months old until they are about 15-20 weeks old.
 Finisher ration is given when pigs reach 60 kgs or are about 20
 weeks old.
 When formulating a simplified ration, always remember that it
should
 always contain sufficient PROTEIN, ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF
 VITAMINS AND MINERALS.

 Discard from slaughterhouses as well as cassava,
sweet potato,
 corn and corn by-products which are abundant in
some areas of the
 Philippines may be used, provided they are properly
cooked and
 dried.
 In commercial operations due to economy in labor
and in feeding
 equipment, dry feeding is practiced.
 Clean drinking water must be provided at all times.

Raise Organic Small Ruminants (Goat)
 Breeds of Goats
 Anglo Nubians = 70-90 kgs (and 1-2 liters of milk
daily)
 Boer = 80-90 kgs ave. (1.5-2 liters of milk daily)
 Saanen = 60-70 kgs (1.8 liters of milk daily)
 Toggenburg = 50-60 kgs (1.5 liters of milk daily)
 Alpine = 50-60 kgs (1.5 liters of milk daily)
 Philippine Goat or Common Goat = 20-30 kgs (milk
is just enough
 for its kids)
Didiangas Goat = 40-50 kgs (ave. of 1 li. of milk
daily)

 ADVANTAGES OF RAISING GOATS
 Goats require smaller capital investment than cattle.
 Goats multiply faster than cattle or carabaos. Before a
goat is three
 years old, she can give birth to as many as five kids.
 Although a goat is small, she can produce as much four
liters of
 milk everyday if she is purebred and is given a ration to
meet all
 of nutritional requirements.
 Goats require less feds than cows and carabaos. About
ten
 native goats can be feed on the feedstuffs sufficient for
one cow.
 And about 6-7 purebred dairy goats can be fed on the
feedstuff
 sufficient for one dairy cow.

 Goats are usually docile and can be raised by anyone. Where
 cows or carabaos may be too large for women or children to
 handle, the goats is just right size of animals for them to raise.
 ~ Goats are friendly and intelligent.
 ~ Goats are clean animals. They do not thrive in filthy places.
 Also, they do not eat rotten or spoiled feeds.
 ~ A few can be tethered along farm fences and boundaries or
 along roads and can be even be confined in pins and given
 yard clippings and branches or tree and shrubs. A herd can be
 raised easily on open lands.
 ~ Under orchards and coconut plantation, goats are good
 clippers of weeds.
 ~ Goats provide manure for fishponds, farms and gardens.
 ~ Farmers, in some cases, can use goats “insurance” against
the
 failure of their crops.
 ~ A family milk goat can provide just the right amount of milk
for
 the farm family at very economical price

 Desirable Characteristics of Ruminants for
Organic
 Production
 Good teeth.
 Good legs and feet.
 Good skin and shiny hair.
 Normal reproductive parts.
 System of Raising Ruminants
 Grazing System.
 Cut and Carry System (confined).
 Goat (or sheep)-Sloping Agricultural Land
Technology (SALT)
 Integration System (SALT 2).

 Nutrients Needed in Ruminants’ Feed
 Energy. Most energy required is supplied by carbohydrates
and
 fats found in forage and grain.
 Protein. This nutrient is essential for growth, repair of old
tissues,
 milk production, and development of unborn kid.
 Minerals. These are essential for growth and reproduction.
These
 are mostly calcium and phosphorus, which are found chiefly in
the
 skeleton.
 ~ Vitamins. These are feed nutrients which are needed in very
small
 quantities but which are essential to life.
 ~ Water. The animal body is 56-70 percent water. Water helps
liquefy
 the nutrients fermented in the digestive process.

 Classification of Common Feed Ingredients for Ruminants
 ~ Roughages. These are feeds containing relatively large
amounts of
 fiber or digestible material (legumes, ipil-ipil, napier, etc.).
 ~ Concentrates. These are feeds which have a comparatively
high
 digestibility (rice bran, corn bran, bone meal, molasses, etc.).
 ~ Feed Additives. These are chemical compounds that are
included
 in animal rations but do not supply nutrients to the animals
(natural
 antibacterial/antimicrobial, etc.).
 ~ Mineral Supplements. The function of mineral elements in
goats
 is to provide structural support for the body (salt, oyster shell,
wood
 ash, CRH, mineral supplements).
 ~ Vitamins’ Supplements. The dietary vitamin requirements of

 Some Local Ingredients for Ruminant Feed
 ~ Corn. This is the most popular grain used for feeds. High in total
 digestible nutrients, low in fiber, and higher in fat.
 ~ Corn bran. A by-product of corn milling industry. It consist of broken
 grains of corn and bran, rich in protein.
 ~ Rice bran. Called “tiki-tiki”, the good quality fine rice bran contains
 an adequate amount of fat. First class bran contains approximately
 11% crude protein.
 ~ Sorghum. This is very similar to corn in feed value except that is
 lower in fat.
 ~ Copra meal. This is what is left of the coconut meat after the oil has
 been removed or extracted.
 ~ Soybean oil meal. This is a by-product after extracting the soybean
 oil. It contains about 44% crude protein and is also a good source
 of energy.
 ~ Mungo. This legume is a human food, it can also be given to goats
 in place of oil meal.
 ~ Molass

 Pasture and Forage Crops for Ruminants
 ~ Grasses
 ~ Star grass (6.05% crude protein (CP)
 ~ Napier grass (1.57% crude protein)
 ~ Para grass (3.00% crude protein)
 Legumes
 ~ Ipil-ipil (8.0% crude protein)
 ~ Calliandra (9.42% crude protein)
 ~ Kakawate (6.5% crude protein)
 ~ Kadios (5.37% CP)
 ~ Flemingia (6.0% CP)
 ~ Sesbania (5.65% CP)
 ~ Other local species

Feed Formulation for Organic Ruminants
Component Source Percent Weig
ht
Protein Fish (whole internal organ,
gills, shells
Soybeans, Mungbean, Madre
de
agua (dried or fresh))
22 2.2
kgs
Lipids/Fats Coconut meat, Vegetable oil,
fish oil
8 0.8 kg
(800
gms)
Carbohydrates Rice bran, corn bran, cassava,
banana, camote tubers
65 6.5
kgs
Vitamins FFJ, FPJ, OHN, LABS, etc 2 0.2
(200
gms)
Minerals Salt, Carbonized rice hull,
charcoal,
dried soil, etc.
3 0.3
kgs
(300

FEED FORMULATION TABLE (HOG
GROWER)
COMPONENT SOURCE PERCE
NT
(%)
WEIGHT
(KG,gm)
Protein Fish (whole internal organ, gills,
shells)
Soybeans, Mungbean, Madre
22 2.2kgs
Lipids/Fats Coconut meat, Vegetable oil,
Fish oil
8 800 gms
Carbohydrate
s
Rice bran, corn bran, cassava,
banana, camote tubers
65 6.5kg
Vitamins FFJ, FPJ, OHN, LABS 2 0.2 kgs
(200gms
)
Minerals Salt, carbonized rice hull,
egg/bone calcium, dried soil,
charcoa
3 0.3 kgs
(300gms
)
Total 100 10kgs

PIG FEED FORMULATION (GROWER )
Materials Description QTY(kgs) Cost (PhP) % of
mixture
rice bran (D1) Fine 100 960 61.35
Corn Bran 50 500 15.34
Soya meal 15 126 09.20
ACES-FS Protein meal* – optional 10 310 06.14
Copra Meal 10 90 06.14
Banana Meal 7 56
Salt 2 12 01.22
Additives
- ACES Nutri-balancer* - optional
- ACES Multi-vitamins* - optional
- Refine Coco Charcoal
5g
200g
1kg
250.00
50.00
15.00
Total Weight 200 2,369.00 100%

Concoctions
- FPJ
- FFJ
- FAA
- OHN
- LABS
Total
2 Liters
2 liters
2 liters
100 ml
250 ml
6.350liters
200
Labor 2 Man
Days
500
Total Cost 375.00/bag 3,069.00
(15.35/kg)

 Recommended Feeding Ration
 Weaning: 42 days
 Days of culture: Number of days after weaning (43
days)
 Frequency: one or two
 Ration: the total feeds for the day

 ORGANIC HOG BEDDINGS
 80% Rice Hull /Sawdust (8 bags rice hull/sawdust)
 10% Soil (1 bag soil)
 10% Sand (1 bag sand)
 1 Kg salt
 Note: Soil is the ideal habitat for microbes to
multiply, the role of
 salt is to control ants/centipedes & other insects.
 Always sanitize the pen first before placing the
beddings, you may
 use dried coconut leaves by placing on the pen and
burning it,
 spray LABS & IMO then leave for 10 minutes

 Signs/Characteristics of an In-Heat Hog
(Sow/Gilt)
 Pinkish or reddish vulva
 Swelling of vulva
 Mucus discharge from vulva
 Restlessness
 Frequent urination
 Mounting other pigs or allows other to mount her
 Fertility Period of Trained Boar = 6-8 months

 Care of Pregnant Sow
 Provide separate pen for pregnant sow.
 Provide with 14% crude protein.
 Bath the animal during hot weather.
 Avoid the animal from stress.
 Avoid noise in the whole animal pens.

 Breeding Techniques & their Advantages
 Up-grading (low quality to a better/high quality
breed).
 Cross-breeding (breeding of two different breeds
to maintain the
 good characteristics of each breed, and improve or
attain best
 quality).
 In-breeding (to maintain the quality of the existing
breed/same
 breed from a closely related breed but not the same
blood line).

PRODUCE VARIOUS CONCOCTIONS AND
EXTRACTS
 SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Upon completion of this module, the
students/trainees will be able to:
 LO1. Prepare for the production of various
concoctions and extracts
 LO2. Process concoctions and extracts
 LO3. Package concoctions and extracts

 1. IMO – Indigenous Micro-organisms. These are
micro-organisms that are found in our environment which
are beneficial to our farmers. These micro-organisms
have their role to play in farming. 2. FPJ – (Fermented
Plant Juice). These are juices produces from selected
plant parts. Fermented plant juice (FPJ) or Bless Green
Soup or Tenkei Ryokujyu is made by fermenting plant
parts in brown sugar. Sprouts and baby fruits with high
hormone concentration, full grown fruits, flower abundant
in honey, and any plant with strong vigor are good
ingredients. It is an ingredient in bokashi production and
can also be used by applying directly to soil and plants.
 2. FPJ is produced by the fermentation of plant leaves,
grasses, thinned crop plants, auxillary buds and/or young
fruits and flowers (Jensen et al, 2006). It contains plant
growth hormones and micronutrients that stimulate the
growth of beneficial microorganisms. The common
materials being used in the Philippines are kangkong (
Ipomoea aquatica), sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) and
kakawate leaves ( Gliricidia sepium).

 3. . FFJ- (Fermented Fruit Juice). It is used as a
foliar spray to enhance fruit quality, as a feed
supplement for animals, and as a food supplement
for humans. In general, FFJ is generally used more
during the flowering and fruiting stage.
 4. . FAA – (Fish Amino Acid). Utilizes the fish trash
like gills small fishes and even whole body parts of
fish. Fish amino acids are a good source of nitrogen
for crop plants and may be used to supplement
compost and manures in coastal regions which have
a good supply of inexpensive fish by products. Some
local government units (LGUs) such as Bayawan
City in Negros Oriental is collecting fish trashes from
the market for free and process this into FAA.

 5. . LABS – (Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum). It
converts waste into organic matter and basic
minerals. LABS thrive and feed on the ammonia
released in the decomposition normally associated
with the foul odor.
 6. . OHN – (Oriental Herbal Nutrients). Natural
Pest repellant. It is use throughout the early,
vegetative and change over and fruiting stages.
 7. . CaPO4 – (Calcium Phosphate) induce
flowering, prevent overgrowth, increase calcium
factor in roots and leaves.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.Fermented Fruit Juice(FFJ) a.inducedflowering,prevent overgrowth,
increase
,calciumfactorinrootsadleaves
2.CalciumPhosphate(CaPo4) b.usedmore duringthefloweringandfruiting
Stage
3.Organic Herbal Nutrients(OHN1and2)c.it isuse throughout theearly, vegetative and
change over andfruitingstage
4.Lactic Bacteria Serum( LABS) d.utilizesthefishtrashlike gillssmall fishesand
evenwhole bodypartsoffish
5.Fish Amino Acid( FAA) e.it convertswaste intoorganic matterandbasic
minerals

 USES/BENEFITS OF VARIOUS CONCOCTIONS
 1. Indigenous Micro-organism (IMO)
 a) As soil conditioner
 b) Aid in nutrient digestions
 c) Composting.
 d) Can induce flowering among plants
 e) Induce longer shelf life of fruits
 f) Give added resistance to plants against pests and
harmful insects

 2. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)
 a) Growth promotants (Bionutrients)
 b) Nitrogen provider
 c) Phyllosphere nutrients processor
 d) Human nutrition
 BENEFITS OF FPJ:
 a) Helps maintain vigor in plants and resistance against
pests.
 b) Can be used for livestock bedding sprays (pig pens
and poultry houses) to produce more colony of
microorganisms.
 c) Can also promote resistance against illnesses for
human.

 BENEFITS
 1. A good source of nitrogen
 2. Serves as “growth hormone” for plant growth and development
 3. Used as foliar spray
 4. Food of microorganisms
 4. CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (CAPO4)
 a) Cell structure (Bone) strengthening
 b) Phosphorus provider
 5. FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE (FFJ)
 a) For ornamental and fruit flowering
 b) For fruit sweetening
 c) Potassium provider
 d) For human nutrition
 BENEFITS:
 1. A good source of potassium which can speed up plants Absorption and
results to sweeter tasting fruits.
 2. Helps maintain vigour in plants and resistance against pests.
 3. Adds to soil fertility and the advent of good colonies of microorganisms.

 6. ORIENTAL HERBAL NUTRITION (OHN)
 a. Plant Vitality enhancer
 b. Downy and Powdery mildew control
 8.LACTIC BACTERIA SERUM (LABS)
 BENEFITS
 a) Serve as insecticide and fungicide at the same
time.
 b) Provide more vigour and vitality to the plant.
 c) Use to treat skin diseases of hogs and other
animals
 USE:
 a) Use as energy drink for humans.

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION NC II.pptx

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