By George M Lasluisa

1. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND
PHONOLOGY
By George Lasluisa

2. PRONUNCIATION
•We realize that the word ‘good’ carries this phoneme
/d/.
•But in discourse at saying ‘good morning’ we replace
/d/ with /b/ due to the labial /m/ of ‘morning’.

3. RHYTHM
•A regularity at speaking.
•Changes depending on the use and varies on
discourse settlements.
•Nice to meet you – To introduce yourself at first.
•Nice to meet you – To respond politely.
(Bold shows an accent)

4. WORD STRESS AND PROMINENCE
oStress is the natural pronuntiation intensity of a word.
Japanese
oProminence is the stress given by the utterer due to a personal
reason at discourse.
Japanese cars.
Tall Japanese are inexistent.
(Bold means stress)

5. THE PLACING OF PROMINENCE
•When to be prominent?
•When something is taken for granted it does not become prominent.
I wonder if that building is part of the school or the post office, both
have the same color.
That chair is part of the class, it is not an extra tool.
•Just consider ‘of’, commonly it is a granted unimportant word, but in
the second sentence we need to emphazise the importance of
belonging.
(bold means stress)

6. INTONATIONAL UNITS
Tone groups are separated by a small pause in speech.
Speed talking makes difficult to separate tone groups.
The nuclear prominent (tonic) project what the
speaker consider new.
The speaker decides to distribute the intonation.

7. TONES AND THEIR
MEANINGS
Let’s begin

8. TYPES OF TONES
1. There are more than 8 types identified but we will
see 5 only.
1. Fall
2. Rise-fall
3. Fall-rise
4. Rise
5. Level

9. GRAMMATICAL APPROACHES
There are correct intonations to demonstrate a well-uttered
question, tags, etc.
COUNTERPART
In tag questions a rising intonation means the speaker know
the possible response, and with falling intonation means lack of
knowledge.

10. ATTITUDINAL APPROACHES
Some intonation can express surprise or
disappointment.
Counterpart
It is wrong to teach intonation as a response from
emotion because intonation considers a lot of external
factors.

11. INTERACTIVE APPROACHES
The use of intonation to conduct the conversation to
receive what the speaker wants to hear.
•Answering ‘yes’ with a falling tone means an
asseveration.
•Answering ‘yes’ with an uprising tone can mean ‘why?’
‘for what?’ and makes the hearer answer these
interrogants or give extra-information.

12. TONES AND THEIR
MEANINGS
Finish

13. KEY
Regarding to pitch:
•High key: to contrast between options.
•Mid key: to add more information.
•Low key: for reiteration.

14. PITCH ACROSS SPEAKERS
Termination:
1. When we end in high pitch as speakers and
2. expect the listener to star answering with high pitch.
Also available in low pitch.

15. THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION