development of Bt brinjal

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITY
JUNAGADH
Submitted to :-Dr. Rajiv Kumar
Assistant Professor
Submitted by :-Deep Rudani,
Elvish Poshiya
Roll no. :-134,
133
Reg. no. :-5010117011,
5010117010
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CoA,Junagadh

2. BT BRINJAL

5. FSB Damage

7. Shoot damage Fruit Damage
50 - 90% of damage is caused by fruit and shoot
borer

11. Why we need Bt brinjal ??
• No natural resistance in germplasm
• Limited success with traditional management
strategies
• Huge use of pesticides results in
– development of resistance in insects
– Harmful effects on environment, health of farmer
and consumers
• Bt brinjal has potential to provide economic
and health benefits

13. Benefits to farmers
Farmers are expected to benefit
at multiple levels. Some of
these include:
1) Considerable reduction in cost of production
by saving on cost of insecticides and lower
labor cost as a result of reduced spraying.
2) Manifold increase in yield per unit area by
saving fruits from damage caused by FSB.
3) Significant improvement in marketable fruits
thereby increasing income per unit area.
4) Reduction in direct exposure to insecticides
leading to lesser health problems.

14. Benefits to ecology and environment
1) Reduction in pesticide residues in soil and water in
brinjal fields.
2) Lesser pollution of air and local environment due to
decreased use of insecticides.
3) Protection of naturally occurring predators and
parasitoids and other beneficial organisms due to
reduced use of insecticides.
4) Reduction in soil and ground-water contamination.
5) Safeguarding soil microflora and invertebrates from
damage caused by unintended and excessive use of
insecticides.

15. Development of Bt Brinjal..
Bt brinjal, developed by:
1. The Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Ltd.
(Mahyco), Mumbai, a subsidiary of Monsanto
Company, and
2. The University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS),
Dharwad and
3. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU),
Coimbatore .
15

16. Scientific Validations
Environment Health Issues Technology
Biodiversity
Insect
Resistance
Gene transferto
humans /
animals and
other living
systems
Toxins and Allergens
Transformation
Systems
Antibiotic marker systems

17. Socio-economic issues
Food security
Regulatory issues
Small Farmer Affordability TNCs Ownership
/ IPR issues
Socioeconomic Issues in Commercialization of
Bt Brinjal
GM Labeling - Infrastructure

18. Percentage (%) of different Stakeholders participated in the National
consultations on Bt.Brinjal at different locations
Date of
Consultation
Location
Total
Particip
ants (
As per
Registra
tion)
Farmers/Far
mers
organizations
(%)
NGOs/Consu
mer
Forum/Enviro
nmentalists
(%)
Scientists/Ex
perts (%)
Studetns/R
esearchers
(%)
Govt
officials,
Political/Ele
cted
bodies/me
mbers (%)
Individuals,
citizen
groups/busi
ness,
Traders,
Industries
(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6
13-01-2010 Kolkata 478 13%(62) 17%(81) 31%(148) 14%(67) 18%(86) 7%(34)
16-01-2010 Bubaneswar 623 44%(274) 36%(224) 2%(12) 11%(69) 1%(6) 6%(38)
19-01-2010 Ahmadabad 1051 49%(515) 18%(189) 5%(53) 14%(147) 1%(10) 13%(137)
27-01-2010 Nagpur 1210 62%(750) 12%(145) 7%(85) 8%(97) 3%(36) 8%(97)
29-01-2010 Chandigarh 491 62%(304) 22%(108) 6%(30) 2%(10) 0% 8%(39)
31-01-2010 Hyderabad 719 60%(432) 18%(129) 11%(79) 7%(50) 1%(7) 3%(22)
6/2/2010 Bangalore 1348 48%(647) 14%(189) 12%(162) 3%(40) 1%(13) 22%(297)
Total 5920 50%(2984) 18%(1065) 10%(569) 8%(480) 3%(158) 11%(664)
Source: Centre for Environment Education, Report on National Consultations

19. 11%
11%
19%
7%
35%
17%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Biodiversity and Environment
Pest Management
Economy and Livelihoods
Consumer Concerns
Human Health and Bio-safety
Approval Process
% of total Arguments on Different Parameters
Source: Centre for Environment Education, Report on National Consultations

20. Moratorium on Commercial Release of Bt.Brinjal
Mr. Ramesh attributed the decision for Moratorium to several factors:
•There is no clear consensus within the Scientific community itself
•There is so much opposition from the State governments -Opposition from
10 State governments, especially form the major brinjal-production states
•When responsible civil society organizations and eminent scientists have
raised many serious questions that have not been answered satisfactorily
•When public sentiment is negative and fears among consumers and the lack
of a global precedent
• Questions raised about the safety and testing process
•When Bt-brinjal will be the very first genetically modified vegetable to be
introduced anywhere in the world, and
• When there is no over-riding urgency to introduce it here.
• The lack of an independent biotechnology regulatory authority

21. Bt crop
Cotton
Country
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Canada, China,
Colombia, Costa Rica, European Union (EU), India, Japan,
Mexico, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, Parag uay,
Philippines, Sine, South Africza, South Korea, Sudan,
Taiwan, United States of America (USA)
Eggplant Bangladesh
Maize Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,
Egypt, EU, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico,
New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Russian
Federation, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea,
Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Vietna
Current Status of Bt Technology
At the end of 2015, an estimated 25.2 million hectares of land were
planted with crops containing the Bt gene. The following table shows
the countries that have commercialized Bt crops and its products, from
1996 to 2015.

22. Poplar China
Potato Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines,
Russian Federation, South Korea, USA
Rice China, Iran
Soybean Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, EU,
Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, Russian
Federation, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Vietnam
Tomato Canada, USA

23. ENVIRONMENT THE HINDU
Bt Brinjal poses a risk to health, environment:
Greenpeace report
NEW DELHI: APRIL 30, 2012 23:57 IST
t
An independent enquiry has revealed that the cultivation of genetically engineered Bt brinjal
poses risks to the environment and possibly to human health. The occurrence of wild, weedy
and also cultivated relatives presents a likelihood that the GE Bt gene will spread to these
relatives but, so far, this has largely been overlooked in the risk assessments for GE Bt brinjal, it
says.
Genetically engineered Bt brinjal and the implications for plant biodiversity – revisited , an
independent study commissioned by Greenpeace International, finds that brinjal relatives do
occur in the regions where cultivation of GE Btbrinjal is proposed, and that GE Bt brinjal may
mate with these relatives to spread the GE Bt gene. Spread of the GE Bt gene would have
considerable ecological implications, as well as implications for future crop contamination and
farmers' rights.
Importantly, the spread of the GE Bt gene could result in the brinjal becoming an aggressive and
problematic weed, the Greenpeace report suggests, while impressing upon the governments
the need to employ the precautionary principle and not permit any authorisation of the outdoor
cultivation of GE Btbrinjal, including field trials

24. What are the safety concerns?
 Toxicity
 Allergenicity
 Out-crossing / Gene flow
organisms

 Effects on non-target
Environmental impact
 Pest resistance
All safety issues were addressed
before regulatory approval was given

25. Reasons for failure of bt brinjal in
india
• Public awareness
• Problems of irreresponsible reporting
• Medias antitechnology stance certainly sells
In india
• Communication gap