This document summarizes a study on farmers' knowledge of integrated pest management of pink bollworm in cotton. It found that while farmers were aware of pink bollworm and its damage, they primarily used chemical controls. Key constraints reported were the high costs of pesticides and labor. The study concluded farmers would benefit from more government support like subsidies, training, and improved transport access to help address the pink bollworm threat in a sustainable manner.

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
MOTA-BHANDARIYA (AMRELI)
Ag. Ento. 7.5

2. PROJECT ON:-
Knowledge of farmer about
integrated management of Pink
bollworm in Cotton

3. •SUBMITTED TO :-
Dr. V. C. Gadhiya
Assistant Professor & Head
Dept. Of Agril. Entomology
College Of Agriculture JAU
Mota-Bhandariya (Amreli)
•PRESENTED BY :-
•Dhandhukiya Tarun K.
Roll No. :- 11
Reg. No. :- 3010516011
• Makvana Lalji L.
Roll No. :- 24
Reg.No. :- 3010516024
•Rudani Gaurang K.
Roll No. :- 47
Reg. No. :- 5010517004

4. INTRODUCTION
Cotton is the most important crop producing natural fiber
which has been under commercial cultivation for
domestic consumption and export needs about 111
countries in the world and hence called “King of fibers”
or “White Gold”.
India is an important grower of cotton is cultivated in an
area of 122.38 lac ha with 361 lac bales production of
cotton with an average productivity of 501 kg/ha. Gujarat
is the largest producer of cotton in India having cotton
cultivation in an area of 27.09 lac ha with a production of
92 lac bales of cotton and productivity of 577 kg/h (2019-
20(P)) (Source: Cotton advisory board).

5. The major cotton growing districts are
concentrated in Saurashtra followed by
Central Gujarat and North Gujarat. India
ranks second in production after china
and third in productivity after USA and
china.
The crop is attacked by 1326 species of
insect pests throughout the world, of
which about 162 different species of insect
and mites found to devour cotton at
different stages of crop growth in India.

6.  Among these, the bollworms viz., (1) American
Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) (2) Spotted
bollworm (Earias insulana Boids) & (Earias
vittella Fab.) (3) Pink bollworm (Pectinophora
gossypiella Saunders) (4) Tobacco caterpillar
(Spodoptera litura) pose greater threat to cotton
production.
 Besides these, a complex of sucking pests viz.,
thrips, aphid, whitefly, red cotton bug, dusky
cotton bug, occupy major pest status and
contribute to lower yields.
 Among the bollworms, pink bollworm assumed
major pest status in recent cotton pest (Ghosh
2001).

7.  Worldwide, Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella
(Saunders) has become economically the most
destructive pest of cotton and has known to cause
2.8% to 61.9% loss in seed cotton yield, 2.1% to
47.1% loss in oil content and 10.7% to 59.2% loss in
normal opening of bolls.
 First report of resistance to Pink bollworm (Bollgard-I)
came in 2010 and the Bollgard II was reported in
2014. In 2015, Pink bollworm severely impacted
cotton production in Gujarat. (Dr. V. L. Nagrare).
 The Indian council of agricultural research (ICAR) has
claimed that the pink bollworm infestation had reduced
by 70% in the last cropping season (2019-20) in India.

8. Egg
Larva
Life
cycle
.
.
.
EGGS
LARVAE
PUPA
ADULT

9. NATURE OF DAMAGE

10. State 2017-18 2018-19
Gujarat 0-44% 5-15%
Maharashtra 20-90% 2.8-48%
Madhya Pradesh 38% 5-35%
Telangana 24-92% 5-20%
Andhra Pradesh 8-92% 5-57%
PINK BOLLWORM INFESTATION REDUCED…….

11. ABSTRACT
For to known the knowledge of farmers about
IPM strategies against Cotton Pink Bollworm in
Saurashtra region, conducted the survey of 100
cotton grower from different village of Amreli and
Rajkot district. Farmers mostly preferred chemical
measure against this notorious pest certain farmers
followed IPM strategies to manage this pest. Cost
of pesticides and transport facilities are major
constrain faced by the farmers. Incidence of Pink
Bollworm found during October to December. The
Pink Bollworm menace will become graver after the
first picking as it will spread to subsequent picking
as well.

12. OBJECTIVE
1. To study the knowledge level of cotton growers
about integrated management practices of pink
bollworm.
2. To find out relationship between profile of cotton
growers & their knowledge about management
practices of pink bollworm.
3. To find out the constraints faced by cotton grower
in adoption of management practices of pink
bollworm.
4. To seek suggestion from cotton growers to
overcome such constraints.

13. METHODOLOGY
 DISTRICT :-Amreli , Rajkot
 TALUKA :-Dhari,Gondal, Bagasara
 VILLAGES :-Dhari, Mota-sakhpur,
Hadala
 NO. OF FARMERS :Total 45 (Dhari)
Total 30 (Mota-Sakhpur)
Total 25 (Hadala)

14. GENERAL INFORMATION
OF FARMER AND SURVEY

15. PHOTOS OF FARMERS FIELD

16. AGE :-
Age Range No. of Farmer
31 to 40 10
41 to 50 51
51 to 60 28
61 to 70 7
71 to 80 4

17. AGE (%):-
10%
51%
28%
7%
4%
No. of Farmer
31 to 40
41 to 50
51 to 60
61 to 70
71 to 80

18.  EDUCATION :-
Education Level No. of Farmer
Illiterate 33
Primary 36
Secondary 21
Higher Secondary 4
Graduation 5
Post Graduation 1

19. EDUCATION LEVEL (%)
33%
36%
21%
4%
5%
1%
No. Of Farmer
Illiterate
Primary
Secondary
Higher
Secondary
Graduation
Post
Graduation

20. SIZE OF LAND HOLDING :-
Category No. of Farmer
Marginal 24
Small 44
Medium 26
Large 6

21. 24
44
26
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Marginal Small Madium Large
No. of farmer

22. ANNUAL INCOME :-
Range of Income No. of Farmer
Below 2 Lac 77
2 To 3 Lac 15
Above 3 Lac 8

23. 77
15
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Below 2 Lakh 2 To 3 Lakh Above 3 Lakh
No. of Farmer

24. MASS MEDIA EXPOSURE :-
Sr. No. Mass Media
Exposure
Regularly
(3)
Frequently
(2)
Once in a
week (1)
Not at all (0)
1 Radio 0 1 4 95
2 Television 33 39 28 0
3 News paper 27 23 30 20
4 Printed literature 7 26 13 54
5 Agril. Exhibition 13 15 15 57
6 Demonstration 5 29 38 28
7 University level
(KVK)
7 21 29 43
8 Kisan call centre 9 10 23 58
9 Any other 3 5 46 46

25. 0
33
27
7
13
5
9
7
9
1
39
23
26
15
29
20 21
10
4
28
30
13
15
38
23
29
23
95
0
20
54
57
28
48
43
58
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Radio Television News paper Printed
literature
Agril.
Exhibition
Demonstration University
level (KVK)
Kisan call
centre
Any other
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

26. USE OF INFORMATION SOURCES :-
Sources of information Extent of utilization
Often sometime Never
Formal Sources
Village level worker 15 54 31
SMS 16 25 59
Service of co-operative society 16 21 63
Agril.University 19 25 56
KVKs 15 48 37
Informal Sources
Neighbors 37 63 6
Fertilizer Deport 33 60 7
Progressive farmer 54 44 2
Local leader 29 62 9
Seed/pesticide dealer 30 64 6
Demonstration 18 74 8
Self-experience 41 54 5

27. 15 16 16
19
15
37
33
54
29 30
18
41
54
25
21
25
48
63
60
44
62
64
74
54
31
59
63
56
37
6 7
2
9
6
8
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80

28. KNOWLEDGE OF FARMERS
ABOUT INTEGRATED
MANAGEMENT OF PINK
BOLLWORM IN COTTON

29. Area information Yes No
Are you identifying Pink Bollworm? 100 0
Do you know life cycle of Pink
Bollworm?
92 8
Do you know nature of damage of Pink
Bollworm?
100 0

30. CONTROL MEASURES FOR PINK BOLLWORM

31. Cultural Practices YES NO
 Deep ploughing 99 1
 Timely sowing 97 3
 Using refuge crop 22 78
 Removal of weeds/Wild okra weed 90 10
 Cotton stalk should be burned after picking 83 17
 Collection of infested flowers, bolls and destroyed it 57 43
 Grazing sheep & goat after harvest the crop 42 58
 Selection of early mature variety/Short duration variety 75 25
 Avoiding ratooning of crop 96 4
 Following dense cropping system 59 41
 Using drip irrigation system 43 57

32. Mechanical and Physical measures Yes No
 Use of pheromone trap @ 5/ha for monitoring of pink bollworm 54 46
 Use of pheromone trap @ 40 /ha for mass trapping of male adult
of pink bollworm at the time of August month/initiation of flowering
25 75
 Use of light trap 13 87
Biological measures
 Release of Trichogramma @ 1.5 lacs/ha five times at weekly
interval
17 83
 Release of crysoperla larvae @ 10000/ha two times at weekly
interval when 8 to 9 male moth catch/trap
12 88
 Spraying of Beauveria bassiana @ 60-80 g/10 lit. of water at the
time of egg laying of pink bollworm
71 29

33. Chemical measures Yes No
 Spraying of quinalphos 25 EC 20 ml/10 lit of water OR 85 15
 Spraying of profenophos 50 EC 10 ml/10 lit of water OR 95 5
 Spraying of thiodicarb 75 WP 10 gm/10 lit of water OR 23 77
 Spraying of carbaryl 50 WP 40 gm/10 lit of water OR 38 62
 Spraying of fenvalrate 20 EC 10 ml/10 lit of water OR 60 40
 Spraying of deltamethrin 1 EC + trizophos 35 EC 20 ml/10 lit of water
OR
72 28
 Spraying of beta cyfluthrin 2.5 SC 10 ml/10 lit of water OR 46 54
 Spraying of spinosad 45 SC 3 ml/10 lit of water OR 27 73
 Spraying of chlorantraniliprole 20 SC 3 ml/10 lit of water 95 5

34. CONSTRAIN FACED BY THE
COTTON GROWER

35. Sr. no. Constraints YES NO
A Technical
1.
Lack of information regarding Pink
Bollworm identification
32 68
2.
Lack of crop specific scientific
recommendation
63 37
3. Heavy attack of Pink Bollworm 94 6
4 Difficult to control Pink Bollworm 83 17
B. Institutional
1.
No Govt. subsidies for control of Pink
Bollworm
60 40
2. Lack of awareness 75 25
3. Lack of technical guidance 81 19
4 Less exposure of training 85 15

36. C. Economic
1.
Require high investment to control of Pink
Bollworm
78 22
2 High labor requirement 85 15
.3 High cost of pesticide 83 17
D. Situational
1. Small holding 53 47
2 Fragmented holding 40 60
3. Inadequate transport facility 65 35

37. CONCLUSION

38.  Adoption of mass media exposure in villages Dhari, Hadala
and Mota sakhpur, most of farmer are use television and
news paper as source of information. Certain farmers are
regularly contact with KVKs, KCC, Agril. exhibition and
demonstration are another source of mass media. Farmers
also use mobiles and mobile application.
 From the general formal information sources, most of the
farmers are contact with the village level worker and SMSs
while others are also having a significance impact on
farmers. Whereas from informal sources, the most
influencing ones are progressive & neighboring farmers.
Fertilizer deport & local leader also having significant
impact, farmers are least efficient is through
demonstration, so the govt. invest more in on farm and
demonstration to make farmers income doubling by 2022.

39.  Pink Bollworm as major pest in Cotton, almost farmers
are well aware about the identification, nature of damage
and losses caused by the pink bollworm. So now days
pink bollworm are main headache of cotton growers.
 In a view to know about different management measures
followed by the farmers, most widely taken practice is
chemical measure then cultural and biological measures
like use of Beuveria bassiana. Almost all farmers followed
deep ploughing in summer, farmers also do collection of
infected plant parts and grazing goat and sheep in field
after harvesting. Very few of them are sown refuge crop
around the field. Very few farmers are use light trap. Most
commonly used insecticides are profenophos,
chlorantraniliprole and quinalphos.

40.  In form the technical constraints faced by farmers, the
most problematic is heavy attack and difficulty in the
management of pink bollworm but others can also not be
neglected. In the institutional constraints, the most impact
full are lack of technical guidance and less exposure
training as for controlling pink bollworm.
 In the economic constraints, main issue is the cost of
pesticide and also high labor cost for applying the
pesticide, less availability of labor at time of harvesting.
Whereas in case of situational constraints faced by
farmers, main constraints are due to small land holding of
farmers and fragmented holding while also there is
inadequate transport facilities. So, Govt. should focus on
providing transport facilities and farmers should adopt
system like co-operative farming, zero budget farming
system etc.