topic on memory hierarchy BCA latest ppt. on Memory

1. College Name Here...
Submitted by:
 xyz
 Class : BCA-1st Year
 Semester : xyzth SEM
 Roll No. : 123456789
Topic: Memory Hierarchy
by geekshelp

2. Memory
 Memory is the most essential element of a computing
system
 Without it computer can’t perform any tasks.
 Basically, memory is used to store Data, Information
and Programs.
 Data, Information and Programs these are stored in
the form of 0 or 1 bit
by geekshelp

3. Memory Hierarchy
 Memory Hierarchy is a pyramid structure that is
commonly used to illustrate the significant differences
among memory types.
 The memory unit that directly communicate with CPU is
called main memory.
 Devices that provide backup storage are called auxiliary
memory.
 The memory hierarchy system consists of all storage
devices employed in a computer system from the slow by
high-capacity auxiliary memory to a relatively faster
main memory, to an even smaller and faster cache
memory.
by geekshelp

4. Hierarchy Diagram
CPU
Registers
Cache Memory
(SRAM)
Main Memory
(DRAM)
Magnetic Disk
(Disk Storage)
Optical Disk
and Magnetic Tape
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Increase
in
cost
per
bit
Increase
in
Capacity
&
Access
Time
by geekshelp

5. Types of Memory Hierarchy
External or Secondary Memory Internal or Primary Memory
 Comprising of Magnetic
Disk, Optical Disk,
Magnetic Tape i.e.
Peripheral storage
devices which are
accessible by the
processor via I/O
Module.
 Comprising of Main
Memory , Cache Memory
& CPU registers. This is
directly accessible by
the processor.
by geekshelp

6. CPU Registers
 It is a static RAM or SRAM in the processor.
 Usually, it is used for holding the data word which is
typically 64 or 128 bits.
 The program counter register is most important as
well as found in all the processors.
 Most processors use a status word register as well as
an accumulator.
 Status word register is used for decision making.
 And accumulator is used to store the data like
mathematical operation.
by geekshelp

7. Cache Memory
 Cache memory can also be found in the processor.
 It is a special very high-speed memory and used to
speed up the synchronizing with high-speed CPU.
 Cache memory is costlier than main memory or other
memory but cheaper than CPU registers.
 It acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU.
 Mainly, it is used to reduce the average time to access
data from the main memory.
 This memory is a smaller but it is fast memory.
by geekshelp

8. Main Memory
 It is the memory unit in the CPU that communicates
directly.
 It is the main storage unit of the computer.
 This memory is fast as well as large memory used for
storing the data.
 This memory is made up of RAM as well as ROM.
 In main memory contents lost when we turn off our
Computer
by geekshelp

9. Magnetic Disk
 A magnetic disk uses a magnetization process to read,
write, rewrite and access data.
 The Magnetic disk is made of a set of circular
platters.
 The data in the magnetic disk is randomly accessed.
 Hard disks, zip disks, are common examples of
magnetic disks.
 The number of bits stored on each track does not
by geekshelp

10. Optical Disk and Magnetic Tape
 An optical disk uses optical storage techniques and
technology to read and write data.
 In the optical disk, the data is sequentially accessed.
 In optical disk, optical (light) energy is used
 . It stores data digitally and uses laser beams to read
and write data.
 It uses the optical technology in which laser light is
centred to the spinning disks.
by geekshelp

11. Thank You!
by geekshelp